Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Konstantin Mechler, Tobias Banaschewski, Sarah Hohmann, Alexander Hage
Summary: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Treatment options for ADHD include psychoeducation, pharmacological interventions, and non-pharmacological interventions. There is a need for improvement in current pharmacotherapeutic strategies and the development of novel medications.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Che-Sheng Chu, Shih-Jen Tsai, Ju-Wei Hsu, Kai-Lin Huang, Chih-Ming Cheng, Tung-Ping Su, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Ya-Mei Bai, Chih-Sung Liang, Mu-Hong Chen
Summary: The study found that the progression rate from ADHD to BD is 5.12% among adolescents and young adults. Risk factors for progression include older age, comorbidity with other mental disorders, and alcohol use. Protective factors identified were male sex and certain personality disorders.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy M. Ni, Brittany S. Bowes, Douglas A. Ruff, Marlene R. Cohen
Summary: Most systems neuroscience studies can be categorized into basic science work and translational work. This study combines these two approaches and reveals that orally administered methylphenidate enhances spatially selective visual attention and improves visual performance. Furthermore, it suggests that decreased correlated variability of neurons may be a general mechanism for treating neuropsychiatric disorders.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Sara Carucci, Carla Balia, Antonella Gagliano, Angelico Lampis, Jan K. Buitelaar, Marina Danckaerts, Ralf W. Dittmann, Peter Garas, Chris Hollis, Sarah Inglis, Kerstin Konrad, Hanna Kovshoff, Elizabeth B. Liddle, Suzanne McCarthy, Peter Nagy, Pietro Panei, Roberta Romaniello, Tatiana Usala, Ian C. K. Wong, Tobias Banaschewski, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, David Coghill, Alessandro Zuddas
Summary: The study reviewed the association of long-term MPH exposure with height, weight, and timing of puberty in ADHD individuals. MPH was found to have consistent significant effects on reducing height and weight, with more prominent impacts observed in the initial months of treatment. Limited data were available on the timing of puberty. Prospective studies are needed to further explore the underlying biological mechanisms and potential clinical implications.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Kelsey K. Wiggs, Rosanna Breaux, Joshua M. Langberg, James L. Peugh, Stephen P. Becker
Summary: This study examines the sleep differences in adolescents with ADHD who use stimulant medication. The findings suggest that stimulant treatment does not significantly affect the sleep of adolescents with ADHD.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eliane S. Sanches, Raquel Boia, Ricardo A. Leitao, Maria H. Madeira, Carlos A. Fontes-Ribeiro, Antonio Francisco Ambrosio, Rosa Fernandes, Ana Paula Silva
Summary: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children, and it is associated with ophthalmologic abnormalities. The effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on retinal physiology in ADHD are still unclear. This study used animal models to investigate the structural, functional, and cellular alterations in the retina of ADHD, as well as the impact of MPH. The findings revealed deficits in retinal structure, function, and neurons in the ADHD animal model, and MPH had a beneficial effect on reducing inflammation and blood-retinal barrier dysfunction. However, MPH had opposite effects in the control animals, impairing retinal function and promoting inflammation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hsin-Yi Fan, Cheuk-Kwan Sun, Yu-Shian Cheng, Weilun Chung, Ruu-Fen Tzang, Hsien-Jane Chiu, Chun-Ning Ho, Kuo-Chuan Hung
Summary: This study provides a systematic review and analysis of the effectiveness of electroencephalogram-based neurofeedback (EEG-NF) in treating the core symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents/adults. The results suggest that EEG-NF can effectively improve inattention symptoms, but its effectiveness in reducing hyperactivity/impulsivity remains inconclusive.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Li-Fan Pai, Der-Shiun Wang, Wan-Fu Hsu, Shao-Wei Huang, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Shyi-Jou Chen, Wu-Chien Chien, Der-Ming Chu
Summary: This study found that children with ADHD have a higher risk of central precocious puberty. Early referral to a pediatric endocrinologist for evaluation can lead to correct diagnosis. Early intervention treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist may improve final height in children with central precocious puberty.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Patrizia Ventura, Concetta de Giambattista, Paolo Trerotoli, Maddalena Cavone, Alessandra Di Gioia, Lucia Margari
Summary: Emotional dysregulation is common in ADHD. This study investigates the effectiveness of immediate- and extended-release methylphenidate in the treatment of emotional dysregulation in children with ADHD and ASD. The results demonstrate that methylphenidate is associated with a significant reduction in emotional dysregulation in both ADHD and ASD, without substantial adverse events.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Giorgia Michelini, Agatha Lenartowicz, Joel P. Diaz-Fong, Robert M. Bilder, James J. McGough, James T. McCracken, Sandra K. Loo
Summary: This study found that the combination of d-methylphenidate and guanfacine can reduce midoccipital neural activity and improve symptoms in children with ADHD, while the monotherapy with these two drugs has limited effects and may have detrimental effects on performance. These findings are important for monitoring the treatment of children with ADHD in the future.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sneha M. Vaddadi, Nicholas J. Czelatka, Belsy D. Gutierrez, Bhumika C. Maddineni, Kenneth L. McCall, Brian J. Piper
Summary: In recent years, the use of prescription stimulants in the United States has been increasing, particularly for amphetamine and lisdexamfetamine. The study found that the usage of stimulants in the Western region was lower compared to other regions, and areas with a higher percentage of Hispanic populations also had lower stimulant usage.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marcelo Gomes Davanco, Jessica Meulman, Thalita Martins da Silva, Fernando Costa, Karini Bruno Bellorio, Iram Moreira Mundim, Ana Carolina Costa Sampaio, Leonardo de Souza Teixeira, Celso Francisco Pimentel Vespasiano
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence between two methylphenidate extended-release tablets and found that the test formulation was considered bioequivalent to the reference formulation in both fasting and fed conditions. Both formulations were safe and well tolerated.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luis C. Farhat, Jose M. Flores, Emily Behling, Victor J. Avila-Quintero, Adam Lombroso, Samuele Cortese, Guilherme Polanczyk, Michael H. Bloch
Summary: We conducted a large-scale systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effects of stimulant dose and dosing strategies on clinical outcomes in children/adolescents with ADHD. Our findings suggest that flexible titration of stimulant medications can improve efficacy and acceptability.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Simone Pisano, Gianluca Sesso, Vincenzo Paolo Senese, Gennaro Catone, Annarita Milone, Gabriele Masi
Summary: The study confirmed the two-correlated factor structure of CHT and found its correlations with different clinical symptoms. CHTQ total scores can discriminate patients from healthy controls, while the differences in CHTQ subscale scores among clinical groups are relatively small.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Edward D. Barker, Alex Ing, Francesca Biondo, Tianye Jia, Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Ebba Du Rietz, Yuning Zhang, Barbara Ruggeri, Tobias Banaschewski, Sarah Hohmann, Arun L. W. Bokde, Uli Bromberg, Christian Buechel, Erin Burke Quinlan, Edmund Sounga-Barke, April B. Bowling, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Vincent Frouin, Hugh Garavan, Philip Asherson, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Bernd Ittermann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos-Orfanos, Luise Poustka, Michael N. Smolka, Nora C. Vetter, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann
Summary: There is a clear link between ADHD, impulsivity features, and overweight/obesity, with neural and polygenic correlates playing a role in this association. The study found shared neural substrate associated with impulsivity symptoms, BMI, and their respective polygenic risk scores, indicating a common genetic liability for ADHD and BMI. Impulsivity symptoms and BMI were also mediated by neuroimaging substrate, revealing a potential underlying mechanism for their phenotypic association.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Aline Romani-Sponchiado, Pablo Vidal-Ribas, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan, Jair de Jesus Mari, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Ary Gadelha, Luis Augusto Paim Rohde, Sara Evans-Lacko, Giovanni Abrahao Salum, Mauricio Scopel Hoffmann
Summary: Psychopathology and positive attributes mutually influence each other over the long term and have interactive effects on educational outcomes.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Carolina Ziebold, Sara Evans-Lacko, Mario Cesar Rezende Andrade, Mauricio Hoffmann, Lais Fonseca, Matheus Barbosa, Pedro Mario Pan, Euripedes Miguel, Rodrigo Bressan, Luis Augusto Rohde, Giovanni Salum, Julia Schafer, Jair de Jesus Mari, Ary Gadelha
Summary: This study explored the association between childhood poverty and mental health disorders in childhood and early adulthood. It found that poverty had a significant impact on the occurrence of externalizing disorders in adolescence, especially among females. Childhood poverty increased the likelihood of externalizing disorders in early adulthood through exposure to stressful life events.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Cezar H. Lorenzi, Douglas Teixeira Leffa, Rodrigo Bressan, Sintia Belangero, Ary Gadelha, Marcos L. Santoro, Giovanni A. Salum, Luis Augusto Rohde, Arthur Caye
Summary: This study validates the performance of an ADHD predictive model, showing it to be effective in developed countries but not in a developing country. The findings suggest that the model can be used in different clinical and research settings.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Luiza K. Axelrud, Mauricio S. Hoffmann, Daniel E. Vosberg, Marcos Santoro, Pedro M. Pan, Ary Gadelha, Sintia Belangero, Euripedes C. Miguel, Jean Shin, Anita Thapar, Jordan W. Smoller, Zdenka Pausova, Luis A. Rohde, Matthew C. Keller, Tomas Paus, Giovanni A. Salum
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of parental genetics on offspring cognition, educational attainment, and psychopathology. The findings suggest that parental genetics influence offspring outcomes through genetic and phenotypic pathways, and multiple mediations may be an effective approach for understanding intergenerational transmission of behavioral traits.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Developmental
Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke, Stephen P. Becker, Sven Bolte, Francisco Xavier Castellanos, Barbara Franke, Jeffrey H. Newcorn, Joel T. Nigg, Luis Augusto Rohde, Emily Simonoff
Summary: The article provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific field of ADHD, covering clinical characteristics, risk factors, causal processes, and neurobiological pathways. The authors also discuss the future of the ADHD construct in light of recent conceptual reformulations.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Mauricio Scopel Hoffmann, Tyler Maxwell Moore, Luiza Kvitko Axelrud, Nim Tottenham, Luis Augusto Rohde, Michael Peter Milham, Theodore Daniel Satterthwaite, Giovanni Abrahao Salum
Summary: The study provides a method to harmonize mental health data using different bifactor model configurations. The analysis shows that only a few model configurations are reliable and instrument-invariant in harmonizing psychopathology instruments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Douglas T. Leffa, Joao Pedro Ferrari-Souza, Bruna Bellaver, Cecile Tissot, Pamela C. L. Ferreira, Wagner S. Brum, Arthur Caye, Jodie Lord, Petroula Proitsi, Thais Martins-Silva, Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues, Dana L. Tudorascu, Victor L. Villemagne, Ann D. Cohen, Oscar L. Lopez, William E. Klunk, Thomas K. Karikari, Pedro Rosa-Neto, Eduardo R. Zimmer, Brooke S. G. Molina, Luis Augusto Rohde, Tharick A. Pascoal
Summary: The genetic liability for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with cognitive decline and the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology, especially in individuals with increased amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ditte Demontis, G. Bragi Walters, Georgios Athanasiadis, Raymond Walters, Karen Therrien, Trine Tollerup Nielsen, Leila Farajzadeh, Georgios Voloudakis, Jaroslav Bendl, Biau Zeng, Wen Zhang, Jakob Grove, Thomas D. Als, Jinjie Duan, F. Kyle Satterstrom, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Marie Baekved-Hansen, Olafur O. Gudmundsson, Sigurdur H. Magnusson, Gisli Baldursson, Katrin Davidsdottir, Gyda S. Haraldsdottir, Esben Agerbo, Gabriel E. Hoffman, Soren Dalsgaard, Joanna Martin, Marta Ribases, Dorret Boomsma, Maria Soler Artigas, Nina Roth Mota, Daniel Howrigan, Sarah E. Medland, Tetyana Zayats, Veera M. Rajagopal, Merete Nordentoft, Ole Mors, David M. Hougaard, Preben Bo Mortensen, Mark J. Daly, Stephen Faraone, Hreinn Stefansson, Panos Roussos, Barbara Franke, Thomas Werge, Benjamin M. Neale, Kari Stefansson, Anders D. Borglum
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on ADHD and identified 27 significant genetic loci associated with ADHD. They also found that these loci were enriched with genes involved in early brain development. Moreover, they discovered an increased load of rare protein-truncating variants in ADHD, implicating SORCS3 as a potential gene involved in ADHD.
Article
Psychiatry
Luiz Roberto Carvalho, Leticia M. Haas, Gregory Zeni, Marcelo M. Victor, Stefania P. Techele, Julia Marrone Castanho, Isabel Meneghetti Coimbra, Anthony de Freitas de Sousa, Nathalia Ceretta, Alia Garrudo, Eugenio Horacio Grevet, Luis Augusto Rohde
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of the FOCUS ADHD mobile health application in improving medication adherence and ADHD knowledge among patients. The addition of a financial incentive for using the app resulted in higher medication intake registrations. However, app use did not increase ADHD knowledge. Overall, the FOCUS ADHD app received high adoption and positive evaluations from users.
EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Joao Ricardo Sato, Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli, Ana Paula Arantes Bueno, Arthur Caye, Pedro Mario Pan, Marcos Santoro, Jessica Honorato-Mauer, Giovanni Abrahao Salum, Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Sintia Belangero, Luis Augusto Rohde
Summary: Neuroimaging studies suggest that brain development mechanisms may explain some ADHD symptoms. However, the mechanisms by which genetic factors influence brain development in relation to ADHD remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the associations between an ADHD polygenic risk score and brain network functioning. The findings suggest correlations between the ADHD polygenic risk score and the segregation of cingulo-opercular networks and the default mode network, supporting the role of attentional networks and DMN in attention processes. However, these associations were not found at follow-up.
GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Marcelo Moraes Victor, Leticia Mueller Haas, Eugenio Horacio Grevet, Luis Augusto Rohde
Summary: This report presents a case of attentional symptoms and fatigue that emerged after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient achieved remission of his symptoms through several changes in the therapeutic regimen. This case highlights the importance of treating PCS inattention and fatigue as an ADHD-like syndrome.
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maria Eduarda de Araujo Tavares, Renata Basso Cupertino, Cibele Edom Bandeira, Bruna Santos da Silva, Eduardo Schneider Vitola, Carlos Alberto Iglesias Salgado, Robson dos Santos Soares, Felipe Almeida Picon, Luis Augusto Rohde, Diego Luiz Rovaris, Eugenio Horacio Grevet, Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
Summary: GWAS studies have found associations between the MEF2C gene and white matter microstructure as well as psychiatric disorders. Our study in a Brazilian population further supports these findings and suggests a common biological factor underlying these phenotypes. Specifically, we identified independent variants in the MEF2C gene associated with temporal-frontal circuitry, which is relevant to executive and cognitive functions.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Thiago Henrique Roza, Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte, Daniel Tornaim Spritzer, Mauricio Scopel Hoffmann, Raffael Massuda, Giovanni Abrahao Salum, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Luis Augusto Rohde, Pedro Mario Pan, Felix Henrique Paim Kessler, Ary Gadelha, Ives Cavalcante Passos
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal depression in childhood and problematic gaming in late adolescence/young adulthood. Data from a large Brazilian school-based cohort were collected and analyzed, and it was found that maternal depression in childhood was significantly associated with problematic gaming in later developmental stages, partially mediated by internalizing psychopathology.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Correction
Genetics & Heredity
Ditte Demontis, G. Bragi Walters, Georgios Athanasiadis, Raymond Walters, Karen Therrien, Trine Tollerup Nielsen, Leila Farajzadeh, Georgios Voloudakis, Jaroslav Bendl, Biau Zeng, Wen Zhang, Jakob Grove, Thomas D. Als, Jinjie Duan, F. Kyle Satterstrom, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Marie H. Baekved-Hansen, Olafur Gudmundsson, Sigurdur Magnusson, Gisli Baldursson, Katrin C. Davidsdottir, Gyda Haraldsdottir, Esben Agerbo, Gabriel M. Hoffman, Soren Dalsgaard, Jonna Martin, Marta Ribases, Dorret H. Boomsma, Maria Soler Artigas, Nina Roth Mota, Daniel Howrigan, Sarah J. Medland, Tetyana J. Zayats, Veera Rajagopal, Merete Nordentoft, Ole Mors, David M. Hougaard, Preben Bo Mortensen, Mark J. Daly, Stephen V. Faraone, Hreinn Stefansson, Panos Roussos, Barbara Franke, Thomas Werge, Benjamin M. Neale, Kari Stefansson, Anders D. Borglum
Article
Psychiatry
Matheus Ghossain Barbosa, Viviane Machado, Carolina Ziebold, Tais Moriyama, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Pedro Pan, Luis Augusto Rohde, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Lais Fonseca, Jim Van Os, Ary Gadelha
Summary: The Brazilian High-Risk Cohort study examined the measurement invariance of the CAPE-positive scale in children and adolescents over a three-year period. The results show that the scale is not invariant over time, indicating the need for further investigation into the factors influencing its results.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2023)