Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasuteru Inoue, Masayoshi Tasaki, Teruaki Masuda, Yohei Misumi, Toshiya Nomura, Yukio Ando, Mitsuharu Ueda
Summary: In this study, the researchers found that α-enolase (ENO1) can interact with amyloid beta (Aβ) and inhibit its fibril formation. They also demonstrated that ENO1 can disrupt Aβ fibrils and weaken their cytotoxic effects by degrading Aβ peptides. Additionally, infusion of ENO1 into mouse brains reduced cerebrovascular Aβ deposits and improved cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that ENO1 may be a therapeutic target in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mana Shams, Sara Shams, Juha Martola, Lena Cavallin, Tobias Granberg, Magnus Kaijser, Max Wintermark, Eric Westman, Peter Aspelin, Maria Kristoffersen Wiberg, Lars-Olof Wahlund
Summary: The study found that APOE epsilon 4 is associated with MRI markers of SVD related to amyloid pathology, specifically CMBs and A beta 42 plaque formation in the brain, as reflected by decreased CSF A beta 42 levels. On the other hand, APOE epsilon 3 and epsilon 2 are associated with markers of hypertensive arteriopathy, such as the association with CMBs in deep and infratentorial brain regions.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Riccardo Milani, Lucio Aniello Mazzeo, Daniela Vismara, Ilaria Salemi, Emanuele Dainese, Emanuela Maderna, Elisa Pellencin, Marcella Catania, Nicole Campanella, Giuseppe Di Fede, Giorgio Giaccone, Andrea Salmaggi
Summary: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a small vessel disease that leads to spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the elderly and is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, iatrogenic early-onset CAA has been identified in patients who had a history of traumatic brain injury or other cerebral and extra-cerebral lesions that required neurosurgery or other medical procedures. The transmission of A beta seeds from neurosurgical instruments or exposure to cadaveric dura mater is suspected to be involved.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Itsuki Hasegawa, Yoko Hirayoshi, Shinobu Minatani, Toshikazu Mino, Akitoshi Takeda, Yoshiaki Itoh
Summary: This study explored the in vivo dynamics of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the perivascular space of the cerebral cortex in mice. The researchers observed the accumulation of Aβ in the localized perivascular space and found that transportation along the vessels was slow and associated with changes in shape. The study also confirmed the transportation of Aβ between the cortical surface and the deeper parenchyma through the perivascular space.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Nandakumar Nagaraja, Wei-en Wang, Ranjan Duara, Steven T. DeKosky, David Vaillancourt
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate whether cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) pathology mediates hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The results showed that severe CAA was associated with smaller left hippocampal volume on T1-MRI in patients with neuropathologically confirmed AD, and this relationship was dependent on APOE ε4 genotype.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Gargi Banerjee, John Collinge, Nick C. Fox, Tammaryn Lashley, Simon Mead, Jonathan M. Schott, David J. Werring, Natalie S. Ryan
Summary: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a significant cerebral small vessel disease that is associated with brain haemorrhage and cognitive change. While the common form affects individuals in mid- to later life, rare early-onset forms are increasingly recognized and may be caused by genetic or iatrogenic factors. This review provides an overview of the causes of early-onset CAA and proposes a structured approach for investigation and management, aiming to raise awareness among healthcare professionals.
Article
Neurosciences
Jonathan Graff-Radford, Timothy G. Lesnick, Michelle M. Mielke, Eleni Constantopoulos, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, Scott A. Przybelski, Prashanthi Vemuri, Hugo Botha, David T. Jones, Vijay K. Ramanan, Ronald C. Petersen, David S. Knopman, Bradley F. Boeve, Melissa E. Murray, Dennis W. Dickson, Clifford R. Jack, Kejal Kantarci, R. Ross Reichard
Summary: This study found a correlation between cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) using MRI and autopsy data. The capillary and leptomeningeal/cortical CAA scores were closely associated with lobar CMBs, with the capillary component being a stronger predictor of lobar CMBs.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Xiaofang Xu, Huikang Xu, Zhaocai Zhang
Summary: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (A beta) and other amyloid proteins in the brain's blood vessels, leading to cerebrovascular and brain damage. CAA is often associated with cardiac injury, involving A beta, tau, and transthyroxine amyloid (ATTR). A beta acts as the main damaging factor, causing coronary artery atherosclerosis, aortic valve calcification, and cardiomyocyte degeneration. The progression of CAA can further impact the heart through amyloidosis, inflammation, and cerebral hemorrhage. The interaction between CAA and cardiac injury creates a vicious cycle that accelerates the progression of both conditions.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vaibhav Gurunathan, John Hamre, Dmitri K. Klimov, Mohsin Saleet Jafri
Summary: Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, currently has no cure. This study utilized machine learning techniques and molecular dynamics simulation data to explore the relationship between A beta torsion angles and disease measures. The research has the potential to help determine which specific residues of A beta should be targeted for drug development.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Whitney Marilyn Freeze, Susanne Janneke Van Veluw, Willemijn Josepha Jansen, David Alan Bennett, Heidi Irma Louisa Jacobs
Summary: This study investigated the link between locus coeruleus (LC) pathology and cerebral microangiopathy in two large neuropathology datasets. The findings suggest that LC pathology is associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy and arteriolosclerosis, indicating a potential role of LC degeneration in the pathways relating vascular pathology to Alzheimer's disease.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jenny Szu, Andre Obenaus
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurological disorder characterized by memory and cognitive decline, with two main hypotheses proposed regarding its underlying mechanisms. The amyloid hypothesis suggests A beta accumulation as the basis of AD, while the vascular hypothesis links early vascular damage to increased A beta deposits in the brain. Studies have shown significant morphological changes in the cerebrovasculature associated with AD progression, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi, Kenjiro Ono, Masahito Yamada
Summary: Deposition of amyloid beta protein in the brain is a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, which can be transmitted between individuals through a prion-like mechanism. Pathological studies have shown that patients with iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, caused by medical procedures such as human growth hormone injection and dura mater graft, also have cerebral amyloid beta protein deposition. Additionally, young patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related cerebral hemorrhage, who have undergone neurosurgeries with or without dura mater graft in early childhood, suggest that the transmission of cerebral amyloid beta protein pathology is often through amyloid angiopathy rather than parenchymal deposition.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mo-Kyung Sin, Edward Zamrini, Ali Ahmed, Kwangsik Nho, Ihab Hajjar
Summary: Anti-amyloid therapies (AATs) are emerging treatments for early Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, they may cause abnormal signals in the brain, known as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a major risk factor for ARIA.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew N. McCorkindale, Hamish D. Mundell, Boris Guennewig, Greg T. Sutherland
Summary: Research found that APOE4 carriers exhibit brain changes consistent with vascular dysfunction, and have a closer relationship with AD pathology, particularly amyloid deposition in posterior cortical regions. Further studies are needed to uncover non-APOE4-specific mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Akash G. Patel, Pramod N. Nehete, Sara R. Krivoshik, Xuewei Pei, Elizabeth L. Cho, Bharti P. Nehete, Margish D. Ramani, Yongzhao Shao, Lawrence E. Williams, Thomas Wisniewski, Henrieta Scholtzova
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and lacks disease-modifying therapy. Dysregulation of innate immunity and microglia/macrophages plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Modulating Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can affect the phenotypic status of microglia and impact Alzheimer's disease progression.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jorge Pagola, Jesus Juega, Jaume Francisco-Pascual, Maite Rodriguez, Laura Dorado, Raquel Martinez, Mercedes De Lera-Alfonso, Juan F. Arenillas, Juan Antonio Cabezas, Francisco Moniche, Reyes de Torres, Joan Montaner, Marian Muchada, Sandra Boned, Manuel Requena, Alvaro Garcia-Tornel, Noelia Rodriguez-Villatoro, David Rodriguez-Luna, Matias Deck, Marta Olive, Marta Rubiera, Marc Ribo, Jose Alvarez-Sabin, Carlos A. Molina
Summary: The feasibility of 90-day cardiac monitoring with an external Holter device was demonstrated in stroke patients, with a high percentage of pAF detected. Older patients and those with enlarged left atria benefited more from the monitoring.
Article
Economics
Elizabeth Parody-Rua, Alejandro Bustamante, Joan Montaner, Maria Rubio-Valera, David Serrano, Soledad Perez-Sanchez, Alba Sanchez-Vinas, Cesar Guevara-Cuellar, Antoni Serrano-Blanco
Summary: This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of a blood biomarker test to guide pre-hospital treatment with tPA in patients with suspected stroke, compared with standard hospital management.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Laura Ramiro, Julia Faura, Alba Simats, Paula Garcia-Rodriguez, Feifei Ma, Luna Martin, Francesc Canals, Anna Rosell, Joan Montaner
Summary: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally, but translating promising pre-clinical neuroprotective agents into clinical settings has been unsuccessful. This may be due to the use of animal models that don't accurately represent the stroke-affected population, as most pre-clinical studies are conducted on healthy young male mice. In this study, we investigated the proteomic and transcriptomic changes during the hyperacute phase of cerebral ischemia in different groups of mice based on age, sex, and comorbidities. We found that the response to cerebral ischemia varied depending on sex, age, and comorbidities, highlighting the importance of including animals with diverse phenotypes in future stroke research.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ana M. Najar, Marina Romero-Bernal, Carmen del Rio, Joan Montaner
Summary: There is a growing interest in consuming halophytes as a healthy food. Salicornia ramosissima is a Mediterranean halophyte with a rich profile of bioactive compounds, including over 60 identified polyphenols with various biological activities. These polyphenols have shown potential protective effects against brain ischemia, mainly through reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, inhibiting cell death pathways, and preserving vascular function. Although most of these compounds have been found to be neuroprotective, human studies on their effects are still limited. Considering the safe profile of polyphenols in S. ramosissima, this halophyte could be a valuable source of bioactive compounds for the nutraceutical industry.
Article
Cell Biology
Nea Korvenlaita, Mireia Gomez-Budia, Flavia Scoyni, Cristiana Pistono, Luca Giudice, Shaila Eamen, Sanna Loppi, Ana Hernandez de Sande, Benjamin Huremagic, Maria Bouvy-Liivrand, Merja Heinaniemi, Minna U. Kaikkonen, Lesley Cheng, Andrew F. Hill, Katja M. Kanninen, Guido W. Jenster, Martin E. van Royen, Laura Ramiro, Joan Montaner, Tereza Batkova, Robert Mikulik, Rosalba Giugno, Jukka Jolkkonen, Paula Korhonen, Tarja Malm
Summary: Hypoxia induces changes in the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in non-neuronal cells and pathological conditions. The secretion of miR-21-5p in EVs is increased under hypoxia. Neuronal EVs and miR-21-5p secretion may be altered under hypoxia, and miR-21-5p in EVs may serve as a potential biomarker for stroke recovery.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Manuel Medina-Rodriguez, Francisco Moniche, Asier De Alboniga-Chindurza, Joaquin Ortega-Quintanilla, Leire Ainz-Gomez, Blanca Pardo-Galiana, Juan Antonio Cabezas-Rodriguez, Marta Aguilar-Perez, Aynara Zamora, Fernando Delgado-Acosta, Elvira Jimenez-Gomez, Isabel Bravo Rey, Rafael Oteros Fernandez, Maria del Mar Freijo Guerrero, Eva Gonzalez Diaz, Irene Escudero-Martinez, Lluis Morales Caba, Isabel Vielba-Gomez, Sonia Mosteiro, Maria del Mar Castellanos Rodrigo, Laura Amaya Pascasio, Carlos Hidalgo, Luis Fernandez Prudencio, Jose Maria Ramirez Moreno, Jose Diaz Perez, Gema Sanz-Fernandez, Pablo Baena-Palomino, Miguel Angel Gamero-Garcia, Silvia Jimenez Jorge, Clara Rosso Fernandez, Joan Montaner, Alejandro Gonzalez Garcia, Elena Zapata-Arriaza
Summary: The ATILA trial aims to compare the efficacy of low-dose intravenous tirofiban and intravenous aspirin in preventing in-stent thrombosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to tandem lesions. The primary outcomes include the proportion of patients with carotid in-stent thrombosis within 24 hours and the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.
EUROPEAN STROKE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tim Honegger, Juliane Schweizer, Antonela Bicvic, Laura P. Westphal, Valerie Schuetz, Corinne Inauen, Thomas Pokorny, Katja Bracher, Marcel Arnold, Urs Fischer, Leo H. Bonati, Gian Marco De Marchis, Krassen Nedeltchev, Timo Kahles, Carlo Cereda, Georg Kaegi, Joan Montaner, Alejandro Bustamante, Elena Pala, George Ntaios, Christian Foerch, Andreas Luft, Katharina Spanaus, Lanja Saleh, Arnold von Eckardstein, Markus Arnold, Mira Katan
Summary: In this study, the prognostic value of serum S-100B for the development of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and symptomatic brain edema in acute ischemic stroke patients was assessed. The results indicated that serum S-100B levels measured within 24 hours after symptom onset were independently associated with the development of these complications. Adding S-100B to the clinical prediction model improved the accuracy of early risk stratification for stroke complications.
EUROPEAN STROKE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Elena Zapata-Arriaza, Manuel Medina-Rodriguez, Joaquin Ortega-Quintanilla, Asier De Alboniga-Chindurza, Leire Ainz-Gomez, Blanca Pardo-Galiana, Juan Antonio Cabezas-Rodriguez, Lucia Lebrato-Herandez, Ana Barragan-Prieto, Soledad Perez-Sanchez, Aynara Zamora, Joan Montaner, Alejandro Gonzalez Garcia, Francisco Moniche
Summary: A retrospective analysis showed that carotid reocclusion after mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Factors such as recanalization grade, presence of pial collateral circulation, use of a stent, and use of general anesthesia were identified as independent predictors. This study provides important guidance for clinical treatment.
JOURNAL OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Amrou Sarraj, Ameer E. Hassan, Michael G. Abraham, Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez, Scott E. Kasner, M. Shazam Hussain, Michael Chen, Spiros Blackburn, Clark W. Sitton, Leonid Churilov, Sophia Sundararajan, Yin C. Hu, Nabeel A. Herial, Pascal Jabbour, Daniel Gibson, Adam N. Wallace, Juan F. Arenillas, Jenny P. Tsai, Ronald F. Budzik, William J. Hicks, Osman Kozak, Bernard Yan, Dennis J. Cordato, Nathan W. Manning, Mark W. Parsons, Ricardo A. Hanel, Amin N. Aghaebrahim, Teddy Y. Wu, Pere Cardona-Portela, Natalia Perez de la Ossa, Joanna D. Schaafsma, Jordi Blasco, Navdeep Sangha, Steven Warach, Chirag D. Gandhi, Timothy J. Kleinig, Daniel Sahlein, Lucas Elijovich, Wondwossen Tekle, Edgar A. Samaniego, Laith Maali, M. Ammar Abdulrazzak, Marios N. Psychogios, Ashfaq Shuaib, Deep K. Pujara, Faris Shaker, Hannah Johns, Gagan Sharma, Vignan Yogendrakumar, Felix C. Ng, Mohammad H. Rahbar, Chunyan Cai, Philip Lavori, Scott Hamilton, Thanh Nguyen, Johanna T. Fifi, Stephen Davis, Lawrence Wechsler, Vitor M. Pereira, Maarten G. Lansberg, Michael D. Hill, James C. Grotta, Marc Ribo, Bruce C. Campbell, Gregory W. Albers
Summary: This study is a trial on the efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with large ischemic strokes. The results show that compared to medical care alone, endovascular thrombectomy can improve functional independence in patients, but it also carries the risk of vascular complications.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jennifer Mesa-Marin, Enrique Mateos-Naranjo, Joao Carreiras, Eduardo Feijao, Bernardo Duarte, Ana Rita Matos, Marco Betti, Carmen Del Rio, Marina Romero-Bernal, Joan Montaner, Susana Redondo-Gomez
Summary: In this study, the combined effect of increased temperature and atmospheric CO2, salt and drought stress, and PGPR inoculation on the growth and nutritional parameters of Salicornia ramosissima, an edible halophyte, was investigated. It was found that these stressors led to significant changes in fatty acids, phenols, and oxalate contents of S. ramosissima, which are important compounds for human health. Results suggest that in future climate change scenarios, there will be alterations in the lipid profile and levels of oxalate and phenolic compounds in S. ramosissima due to temperature, CO2, and salt and drought stress. The effect of PGPR inoculation depended on the strains used, with some strains inducing the accumulation of phenols and oxalate. This study highlights the potential for nutritional and economic valorization of S. ramosissima in response to these stressors and environmental conditions.
Article
Respiratory System
Marcia Smiti Jude, Chen Xi Yang, Fernando Studart Leitao Filho, Ana I. Hernandez I. Cordero, Julia Yang, Tawimas Shaipanich, Xuan Li, David Lin, Julie MacIsaac, Michael S. Kobor, Sunita Sinha, Corey Nislow, Amrit Singh, Wan Lam, Stephen Lam, Silvia Guillemi, Marianne Harris, Julio Montaner, Raymond T. Ng, Christopher Carlsten, S. F. Paul Man, Don D. Sin, Janice M. Leung
Summary: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of developing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and this is associated with dysbiosis and epigenetic and transcriptomic disruptions in the airway epithelium. Reduced diversity and altered microbial communities, particularly the decreased abundance of Prevotella, are linked with gene disruptions in PLWH with COPD.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
David Rodriguez-Luna, Olalla Pancorbo, Pilar Coscojuela, Prudencio Lozano, Federica Rizzo, Marta Olive-Gadea, Manuel Requena, Alvaro Garcia-Tornel, Noelia Rodriguez-Villatoro, Jesus M. Juega, Sandra Boned, Marian Muchada, Jorge Pagola, Marta Rubiera, Marc Ribo, Alejandro Tomasello, Carlos A. Molina
Summary: This study aims to derive and validate scores for predicting intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) expansion using non-contrast CT (NCCT), single-phase CTA, or multiphase CTA markers. The study found that single-phase and multiphase CTA markers have higher discrimination for predicting substantial hematoma expansion compared to NCCT markers. The three scores showed good calibration in both derivation and validation cohorts.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ana Dominguez-Mayoral, Carmen Gutierrez, Jesus Sanchez-Gomez, Soledad Perez-Sanchez, Natalia Fouz, Patricia Guerrero-Zamora, Marta Ferrer, Marfa Aguilar, Victoria Galiani, Carmen Albala, Jose Moreno, Miguel A. Gamero, Cristina Garcia-Campos, Sara Banda, Joan Montaner
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) intervention on the quality of life and modified Rankin score of stroke patients. The results showed that a significant improvement in quality of life was observed in the intervention group, particularly among patients with good adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. However, no significant improvement was observed in stroke patients. Therefore, OSA intervention has a significant impact on improving the quality of life in patients.
REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Francisco Moniche, Juan Antonio Cabezas-Rodriguez, Roberto Valverde, Irene Escudero-Martinez, Lucia Lebrato-Hernandez, Blanca Pardo-Galiana, Leire Ainz, Manuel Medina-Rodriguez, Javier de la Torre, Virginia Escamilla-Gomez, Joaquin Ortega-Quintanilla, Elena Zapata-Arriaza, Asier de Alboniga-Chindurza, Fernando Mancha, Miguel-Angel Gamero, Soledad Perez, Raul Espinosa-Rosso, Lucia Forero-Diaz, Miguel Moya, Pilar Pinero, Cristina Calderon-Cabrera, Sonia Nogueras, Rosario Jimenez, Vanesa Martin, Fernando Delgado, Juan-Jose Ochoa-Sepulveda, Blanca Quijano, Rosario Mata, Monica Santos-Gonzalez, Gloria Carmona-Sanchez, Concha Herrera, Alejandro Gonzalez, Joan Montaner
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of different doses of intra-arterial bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) transplantation in patients with acute stroke. The results showed no significant improvement in the primary efficacy outcome at 180 days compared to the control group. Further clinical trials are needed to explore potential improvements at different timepoints.