Review
Neurosciences
Samantha Schaeffer, Costantino Iadecola
Summary: Schaeffer and Iadecola reviewed the heterogeneity of the neurovasculature and discussed the limitations of the neurovascular unit concept and the molecular diversity of cerebrovascular cells. They proposed the concept of a 'neurovascular complex' composed of segmentally diverse functional modules that implement coordinated vascular responses to central and peripheral signals.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mark B. Vestergaard, Hashmat Ghanizada, Ulrich Lindberg, Nanna Arngrim, Olaf B. Paulson, Albert Gjedde, Messoud Ashina, Henrik B. W. Larsson
Summary: Exposure to moderate hypoxia in humans leads to cerebral lactate production, which is not affected by the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). This lactate production may be mediated by upregulation of cerebral glycolysis in response to reduced arterial oxygen pressure.
Article
Neurosciences
Maniselvan Kuppusamy, Matteo Ottolini, Swapnil K. Sonkusare
Summary: TRP channels play a crucial role in regulating cerebrovascular contractility and cerebral blood flow, with potential implications in maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity. They exert their effects through cell membrane depolarization or by serving as a Ca2+ influx pathway, and their activity in endothelial cells and astrocytes can impact blood-brain barrier function.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Manuel R. Pouso, Elisa Cairrao
Summary: Retinoic acid, derived from vitamin A, maintains transcriptional activity and plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of the cerebral vascular system, as well as the integrity of the neurovascular unit. Its deficiency leads to neurodegenerative diseases and affects the prognosis after ischemic stroke.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ali Daher, Stephen Payne
Summary: Models of micro-circulatory blood flow in the brain can help understand cerebrovascular diseases. These models need to account for structural modifications, blood flow patterns, and impairment in autoregulatory response. An upscaling approach is needed to validate the model against clinical MRI data, while maintaining relevant anatomical connections. The developed hybrid multiscale model accurately characterizes dynamic flow and autoregulation in the microvasculature at improved computational efficiency.
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Qin Yang, Xiaobo Wei, Bin Deng, Zihan Chang, Dana Jin, Yonghua Huang, John H. Zhang, Midori A. Yenari, Kunlin Jin, Qing Wang
Summary: Growing evidence suggests a significant association between altered neurovascular unit functioning and the pathophysiology of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) caused by cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). NVU dysregulation may lead to the entry of pathogens from the blood into the cerebral parenchyma by altering the blood-brain barrier (BBB), resulting in VCI. Additionally, the coupling of neural activity with cerebral blood flow and the clearance of metabolic byproducts may also be affected by NVU dysregulation.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Biology
Mitsuhiro Fukuda, Alexander J. Poplawsky, Seong-Gi Kim
Summary: High-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is gaining popularity due to the availability of ultra-high magnetic fields, but the accuracy of detecting the true location of neuronal activity using increased spatial resolutions remains debatable.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Steffen Tiedt, Alastair M. Buchan, Martin Dichgans, Ignacio Lizasoain, Maria A. Moro, Eng H. Lo
Summary: The article discusses the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, emphasizing the interaction between the neurovascular unit and systemic biology. It explores the potential of this integrated view in discovering new mechanisms and improving stroke care.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Mark B. Vestergaard, Jette L. Frederiksen, Henrik B. W. Larsson, Stig P. Cramer
Summary: Inflammatory processes in the central nervous system could potentially impair cerebrovascular function in multiple sclerosis patients. However, studies on cerebrovascular reactivity and neurovascular coupling in MS patients have produced diverse results, indicating the need for further research to understand the discrepancies.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wenjun Zhou, Oybek Kholiqov, Jun Zhu, Mingjun Zhao, Lara L. Zimmermann, Ryan M. Martin, Bruce G. Lyeth, Vivek J. Srinivasan
Summary: fiDWS is a technique that can rapidly monitor brain blood flow index and provide continuous wave absorption signals. Compared to other methods, fiDWS can achieve high-throughput measurements of optical BFI at a lower cost.
Review
Neurosciences
Patrick J. Drew
Summary: In the brain, increases in neural activity lead to changes in local blood flow through neurovascular coupling. However, the traditional explanation that increased blood flow supplies the metabolic needs of active neurons is inconsistent with a large body of evidence. Neurovascular coupling is irregular or absent in many brain regions and states, and increased respiration can improve brain oxygenation without changes in blood flow. Simulation studies suggest that low blood flow areas are inevitable due to the brain's vascular architecture and cannot be eliminated by functional hyperemia. This article discusses potential alternative functions of neurovascular coupling such as supplying oxygen for neuromodulator synthesis, regulating brain temperature, signaling to neurons, optimizing cerebral vascular structure, accommodating non-Newtonian blood flow, and driving cerebrospinal fluid circulation.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alicen A. Whitaker, Saniya Waghmare, Robert N. Montgomery, Stacey E. Aaron, Sarah M. Eickmeyer, Eric D. Vidoni, Sandra A. Billinger
Summary: Individuals post-stroke had lower middle cerebral artery blood velocity during high-intensity interval training compared to their peers, and this difference persisted 30 minutes after training. Arterial stiffness may contribute to the lower cerebrovascular responsiveness post-stroke.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Hui Zhang, Qi Xie, Juan Hu
Summary: Cerebral ischemia is a major disease that can lead to death or disability among patients. Studies have shown that exercise can produce protective effects in cerebral ischemia by protecting blood-brain barrier integrity, promoting neovascularization, reducing neuronal apoptosis, and ultimately improving neurological function.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rachel J. Skow, R. Matthew Brothers, Jurgen A. H. R. Claassen, Trevor A. Day, Caroline A. Rickards, Jonathan D. Smirl, Patrice Brassard
Summary: This article presents recommended terminology for reporting cerebral hemodynamic data and discusses the current use and misuse of terminology in the field. It provides guidelines for researchers in the study of cerebral hemodynamics.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Chao Li, Yan Wang, Xiu-Li Yan, Zhen-Ni Guo, Yi Yang
Summary: Vascular dementia is the second leading cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease, mainly caused by decreased cerebral blood flow. Research shows that reduced CBF leads to changes in the neurovascular unit, playing a key role in the pathogenesis of VD. Therefore, remote ischemic preconditioning may be a promising approach for VD prevention and treatment.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Lin Cai, Tomonori Nitta, Sho Yokota, Takayuki Obata, Eiji Okada, Hiroshi Kawaguchi
Summary: The study introduced a sensitivity-based matching method for fNIRS to consider the impact of light scattering on the scalp-cortex correlation, showing its superiority over conventional geometrical matching methods. The method allows for precise evaluation of cortical activity that may be overlooked by traditional approaches, making it a promising tool for fNIRS probe arrangement design and data interpretation.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jeff Kershaw, Takayuki Obata
Summary: The OGSE-DWI technique probes tissue microstructure in the frequency domain, but its spectral resolution and range are limited by practical restrictions on gradient oscillation duration and number. The revised framework differs from the conventional description and only allows for indirect information about spectral density.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Moyoko Tomiyasu, Jun Shibasaki, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, Mikako Enokizono, Katsuaki Toyoshima, Takayuki Obata, Noriko Aida
Summary: In VLBW preterm infants, the concentration of tNAA in specific brain regions showed significant correlations with postmenstrual age, and the slopes of tNAA concentrations were associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3-4 years of age. Slower increase in tNAA brain concentration at term-equivalent age was linked to poorer developmental outcomes, suggesting the importance of monitoring tNAA levels in predicting developmental delays.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yoko Ikoma, Hiroyuki Takuwa, Asuka Nishino, Jun Maeda, Kazunori Kawamura, Takayuki Obata, Ming-Rong Zhang, Makoto Higuchi, Tetsuya Suhara
Summary: PET studies using [F-18]altanserin can successfully estimate changes in endogenous serotonin levels by measuring changes in binding potential (BP), which are influenced by the concentration of serotonin and the onset of elevation. This method shows potential for investigating endogenous serotonin levels elevation caused by stimulations.
ANNALS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fumihiko Sakai, Norihiro Suzuki, Byung-Kun Kim, Yoshihisa Tatsuoka, Noboru Imai, Xiaoping Ning, Miki Ishida, Kaori Nagano, Katsuhiro Iba, Hiroyuki Kondo, Nobuyuki Koga
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of fremanezumab in Japanese and Korean patients with episodic migraine. Results showed that fremanezumab significantly reduced the average number of migraine days per month and increased the proportion of patients reaching at least a 50% reduction in migraine days compared to placebo, with similar effectiveness and safety as previously reported populations.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fumihiko Sakai, Norihiro Suzuki, Byung-Kun Kim, Hisaka Igarashi, Koichi Hirata, Takao Takeshima, Xiaoping Ning, Tomoko Shima, Miki Ishida, Katsuhiro Iba, Hiroyuki Kondo, Nobuyuki Koga
Summary: The study showed that fremanezumab administration was effective and well tolerated in Japanese and Korean patients with chronic migraine, with a significant reduction in headache days and other improvements in secondary endpoints. No safety concerns were detected.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Manabu Kubota, Yasuyuki Kimura, Masafumi Shimojo, Yuhei Takado, Joao M. N. Duarte, Hiroyuki Takuwa, Chie Seki, Hitoshi Shimada, Hitoshi Shinotoh, Keisuke Takahata, Soichiro Kitamura, Sho Moriguchi, Kenji Tagai, Takayuki Obata, Jin Nakahara, Yutaka Tomita, Masaki Tokunaga, Jun Maeda, Kazunori Kawamura, Ming-Rong Zhang, Masanori Ichise, Tetsuya Suhara, Makoto Higuchi
Summary: The study demonstrates that food intake and changes in plasma glucose levels dynamically alter metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) ligand binding and glutamate levels in the human brain. These findings suggest a mechanistic link between food-associated glucose intake and glutamatergic tones in the brain, which can be accessed in vivo by bimodal PET and MRS techniques in both clinical and non-clinical settings.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Masashi Usumura, Riwa Kishimoto, Koki Ishii, Eika Hotta, Jeff Kershaw, Tatsuya Higashi, Takayuki Obata, Mikio Suga
Summary: The study evaluated the long-term stability of a newly developed PAAm gel viscoelastic phantom for MRE and US SWE. Results showed that the phantom maintained acceptable hardness over time, meeting the criteria for a quality assurance and quality control phantom.
Article
Neurosciences
Lin Cai, Eiji Okada, Yasuyo Minagawa, Hiroshi Kawaguchi
Summary: Age-related changes in scalp-cortex correlation metrics were observed, indicating different levels of sensitivity and selectivity across different age groups.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Fumihiko Sakai, Norihiro Suzuki, Xiaoping Ning, Miki Ishida, Chiharu Usuki, Katsuhiro Iba, Yuki Isogai, Nobuyuki Koga
Summary: This study evaluated the long-term safety and tolerability of fremanezumab for the treatment of chronic or episodic migraine in Japanese patients, showing that the drug was well tolerated and led to sustained improvements in migraine days and headache severity.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Takuya Urushihata, Hiroyuki Takuwa, Manami Takahashi, Jeff Kershaw, Yasuhiko Tachibana, Nobuhiro Nitta, Sayaka Shibata, Masato Yasui, Makoto Higuchi, Takayuki Obata
Summary: The study utilized animal models to investigate the effects of aquaporin-4 suppression on ADC values in brain tissue after cerebral infarction. Results showed that aquaporin-4 knockout mice had significantly lower ADC values in ischemic tissue compared to wild-type mice, while exhibiting higher ADC values in the contralateral region. Genotype-dependent differences in ADC were particularly significant in different b-value ranges and diffusion times. Fitting the water-exchange model revealed that aquaporin-4 knockout mice had a longer water-exchange time compared to wild-type mice in the ischemic region. The multi-b-value multi-diffusion-time diffusion-weighted imaging technique may be valuable for the in vivo research and clinical diagnosis of aquaporin-4-related diseases.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yasuhiko Tachibana, Tanguy Duval, Takayuki Obata
Summary: The Monte Carlo simulator developed for diffusion-weighted imaging sequences can be used to validate analytical equations of diffusion models and understand their limitations due to approximations.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Akiko Imaizumi, Takayuki Obata, Jeff Kershaw, Yasuhiko Tachibana, Masayuki Inubushi, Mitsuru Koizumi, Kyosan Yoshikawa, Ming-Rong Zhang, Katsuyuki Tanimoto, Rintaro Harada, Takashi Uno, Tsuneo Saga
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2020)