Article
Neurosciences
Ya-Ning Chang, Ajay D. D. Halai, Matthew A. A. Lambon Ralph
Summary: Tractography is widely used in studying human brain connectivity, but the issue of systematically thresholding and comparing connectivity values for different track lengths across studies remains unsolved. This study utilized Monte Carlo derived distance-dependent distributions (DDDs) to generate thresholds for connections of varying lengths. The approach was applied to generate a language connectome, which showed expected structural connectivity. The findings demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of the DDD approach for thresholding probabilistic tracking datasets.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Michiel Cottaar, Matteo Bastiani, Nikhil Boddu, Matthew F. Glasser, Suzanne Haber, David C. van Essen, Stamatios N. Sotiropoulos, Saad Jbabdi
Summary: Many brain imaging studies measure structural connectivity with diffusion tractography, but biases in the data can limit accuracy. A new algorithm reduces these biases by modeling fiber density and orientation.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tzu-Hsin Huang, Ming-Chi Lai, Yu-Shiue Chen, Chin-Wei Huang
Summary: This review focuses on the fundamentals of DWI and its associated techniques, such as apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion tensor imaging, and tractography, as well as their impact on epilepsy in terms of differential diagnosis, epileptic foci determination, and prognosis prediction.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Alexis Reymbaut, Alex Valcourt Caron, Guillaume Gilbert, Filip Szczepankiewicz, Markus Nilsson, Simon K. Warfield, Maxime Descoteaux, Benoit Scherrer
Summary: Diffusion tensor imaging provides increased sensitivity to microstructural tissue changes compared to conventional anatomical imaging, but presents limited specificity. To address this issue, the DIAMOND model subdivides voxel content into diffusion compartments and estimates compartmental non-central matrix-variate Gamma distributions of diffusion tensors. Incorporating tensor-valued diffusion encoding, the Magic DIAMOND model demonstrates improved accuracy in estimating brain microstructural features, particularly in regions of fiber crossing.
MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew R. Walker, Jidan Zhong, Adam C. Waspe, Karolina Piorkowska, Lananh N. Nguyen, Dimitri J. Anastakis, James M. Drake, Mojgan Hodaie
Summary: In this study, successful reconstruction of the sciatic nerves and nerve fiber disruption were observed after MRgFUS treatment. DTI metrics indicated changes in nerve microstructure post-treatment, with transducer output power correlating with treatment outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Si-ping Luo, Fan-fan Chen, Han-wen Zhang, Fan Lin, Guo-dong Huang, Yi Lei
Summary: This study used DSI to quantitatively study the changes in the trigeminal cistern segment in patients with TN and found significant reductions in quantitative parameters on the affected side compared to the unaffected side. DSI, with its high-resolution fiber tracking technology, can provide valuable information about the integrity of trigeminal white matter in TN patients.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fengzhao Zhu, Yulong Wang, Xiangchuang Kong, Yuan Liu, Lian Zeng, Xirui Jing, Sheng Yao, Kaifang Chen, Lian Yang, Xiaodong Guo
Summary: The combination of conventional MRI with DTI-DTT is a valid diagnostic approach for acute traumatic cervical SCI. Lower intramedullary lesion length and intramedullary hemorrhage length, and higher fractional anisotropy value and connection rates of fiber tractography are linked to better neurological outcomes.
EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Daneshwari Kalage, Pankaj Gupta, Ajay Gulati, Thakur Deen Yadav, Vikas Gupta, Lileswar Kaman, Ritambhra Nada, Harjeet Singh, Santosh Irrinki, Parikshaa Gupta, Chandan Das, Usha Dutta, Manavjit Sandhu
Summary: Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of a multiparametric MRI protocol in the characterization of gallbladder wall thickening. Methods: Consecutive adults with gallbladder wall thickening were evaluated using multiparametric MRI, and the association of MRI parameters with malignant gallbladder wall thickening was analyzed. Results: The quantitative MRI parameters were significantly associated with malignant gallbladder wall thickening, and the multiparametric MRI showed higher sensitivity than conventional MRI for diagnosing malignant gallbladder wall thickening. Conclusion: Multiparametric MRI improved the diagnostic performance for differentiating benign and malignant gallbladder wall thickening.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ahmed Radwan, Lisa Decraene, Patrick Dupont, Nicolas Leenaerts, Cristina Simon-Martinez, Katrijn Klingels, Els Ortibus, Hilde Feys, Stefan Sunaert, Jeroen Blommaert, Lisa Mailleux
Summary: This study explored the structural brain connectomes in children with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP) and its relationship to sensory-motor function using graph theory. The results showed a hyperconnectivity pattern in the CDGM-lesion group compared to the PWM-lesion group, with higher clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and local efficiency. The CST-wiring pattern was found to be the strongest predictor for motor function. The findings highlight the potential of structural connectomics in understanding disease severity and brain development in children with uCP.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Qiang Wang, Harith Akram, Muthuraman Muthuraman, Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla, Sameer A. Sheth, Simon Oxenford, Fang-Cheng Yeh, Sergiu Groppa, Nora Vanegas-Arroyave, Ludvic Zrinzo, Ningfei Li, Andrea Kuhn, Andreas Horn
Summary: This study compared the abilities of patient-specific, disease-matched, and normative structural connectivity data in predicting clinical improvement in DBS patients. The results indicated that patient-specific connectivity information and normative connectomes showed similar effectiveness in predicting clinical improvement.
Article
Neurosciences
Viljami Sairanen, Mario Ocampo-Pineda, Cristina Granziera, Simona Schiavi, Alessandro Daducci
Summary: This study introduces an enhanced filtering algorithm to address motion artefacts in human brain structural connectivity analysis, demonstrating its effectiveness through comprehensive Monte-Carlo simulations and infant data. This robust filtering method proves to be beneficial in clinical studies with uncooperative patient groups.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Felipe S. Furtado, Nathaniel D. Mercaldo, Thomas Vahle, Thomas Benkert, William R. Bradley, Lisa Ratanaprasatporn, Ravi Teja Seethamraju, Mukesh G. Harisinghani, Susanna Lee, Krista Suarez-Weiss, Lale Umutlu, Ciprian Catana, Kelsey L. Pomykala, Liran Domachevsky, Hanna Bernstine, David Groshar, Bruse R. Rosen, Onofrio Antonio Catalano
Summary: This study compared standard (STD-DWI) single-shot echo-planar imaging DWI and simultaneous multislice (SMS) DWI during whole-body positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI in terms of acquisition time, image quality, and lesion detection. The results showed that SMS-DWI shortened the acquisition time and maintained or improved the diagnostic yield in most anatomical regions. Therefore, SMS-DWI has important clinical application prospects in cancer staging and restaging.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Syed M. Adil, Evan Calabrese, Lefko T. Charalambous, James J. Cook, Shervin Rahimpour, Ahmet F. Atik, Gary P. Cofer, Beth A. Parente, G. Allan Johnson, Shivanand P. Lad, Leonard E. White
Summary: This study successfully constructed an atlas of the human brainstem using high-resolution MRI technology, which is available online for interactive use, providing a new tool for neuroanatomical education and research.
Article
Neurosciences
Pratheek S. Bobba, Clara F. Weber, Adrian Mak, Ali Mozayan, Ajay Malhotra, Kevin N. Sheth, Sarah N. Taylor, Arastoo Vossough, Patricia Ellen Grant, Dustin Scheinost, Robert Todd Constable, Laura R. Ment, Seyedmehdi Payabvash
Summary: In this study, the researchers characterized the age-related changes in diffusion metrics in neonatal brains. They found a rapid decrease in diffusivity metrics in cerebral/cerebellar white matter and vermis within the first few weeks of neonatal age, likely due to myelination. Prematurity and low gestational age at birth may also result in lasting delay in myelination of the corpus callosum and cellularity of the cerebral cortex.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeong Pyo Seo, Dong Kyun Koo
Summary: This study used diffusion tensor tractography to investigate the effects of middle cerebral artery infarction on the nigrostriatal tract (NST). The results showed that infarction can lead to damage to the ipsilesional NST, impairing one's ability to control unwanted muscular contractions or voluntary movement.
Review
Dermatology
Roxana Daneshjou, Catarina Barata, Brigid Betz-Stablein, M. Emre Celebi, Noel Codella, Marc Combalia, Pascale Guitera, David Gutman, Allan Halpern, Brian Helba, Harald Kittler, Kivanc Kose, Konstantinos Liopyris, Josep Malvehy, Han Seung Seog, H. Peter Soyer, Eric R. Tkaczyk, Philipp Tschandl, Veronica Rotemberg
Summary: The use of AI in dermatology is accelerating, and it is important to establish comprehensive criteria for development and evaluation to ensure fairness, reliability, and safety. In this consensus statement, experts provide guidelines for developers and reviewers to achieve clinically effective AI.
Editorial Material
Biochemical Research Methods
Denis Schapiro, Clarence Yapp, Artem Sokolov, Sheila M. Reynolds, Yu-An Chen, Damir Sudar, Yubin Xie, Jeremy Muhlich, Raquel Arias-Camison, Sarah Arena, Adam J. Taylor, Milen Nikolov, Madison Tyler, Jia-Ren Lin, Erik A. Burlingame, Young H. Chang, Samouil L. Farhi, Vesteinn Thorsson, Nithya Venkatamohan, Julia L. Drewes, Dana Pe'er, David A. Gutman, Markus D. Herrmann, Nils Gehlenborg, Peter Bankhead, Joseph T. Roland, John M. Herndon, Michael P. Snyder, Michael Angelo, Garry Nolan, Jason R. Swedlow, Nikolaus Schultz, Daniel T. Merrick, Sarah A. Mazzili, Ethan Cerami, Scott J. Rodig, Sandro Santagata, Peter K. Sorger
Summary: The imminent release of tissue atlases combining multichannel microscopy with single-cell sequencing and other omics data from normal and diseased specimens calls for data and metadata standards to guide data deposition, curation and release. The Minimum Information about Highly Multiplexed Tissue Imaging (MITI) standard, derived from best practices in genomics and microscopy, is introduced for highly multiplexed tissue images and traditional histology.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Kerry J. Ressler, Sabina Berretta, Vadim Y. Bolshakov, Isabelle M. Rosso, Edward G. Meloni, Scott L. Rauch, William A. Carlezon
Summary: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by maladaptive symptoms following exposure to severe trauma. The neurobiology of PTSD, including genetic factors and dysregulation of fear processes, has been extensively studied. Combining molecular-genetic approaches with a translational understanding of fear circuitry could lead to transformative advances in the diagnosis and treatment of PTSD.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Scott W. Delaney, Yllza Xerxa, Ryan L. Muetzel, Tonya White, Sebastien Haneuse, Kerry J. Ressler, Henning Tiemeier, Laura D. Kubzansky
Summary: The study suggests that positive prenatal family environments may have lasting benefits on white matter neurodevelopment in preadolescence, which can reduce the risk of behavior problems.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
William A. Stokes, Madhusmita Behera, Renjian Jiang, David A. Gutman, Zhonglu Huang, Abigail Burns, Nikhil T. Sebastian, Vidula Sukhatme, Michael C. Lowe, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Vikas P. Sukhatme, Drew Moghanaki
Summary: This study found that fibrates as an adjunct to immune checkpoint inhibitors can improve overall survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. This observation supports the potential role of fibrates in immunotherapy.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Abigail Powers, Cecilia A. Hinojosa, Jennifer S. Stevens, Brandon Harvey, Pascal Pas, Barbara O. Rothbaum, Kerry J. Ressler, Tanja Jovanovic, Sanne J. H. van Rooij
Summary: This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the predictive role of impaired reactive and proactive inhibition on the development of PTSD symptoms after acute trauma. The findings suggest that reduced activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) during response inhibition may predict the development of PTSD symptoms six months after trauma exposure.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Lauren A. M. Lebois, Nathaniel G. Harnett, Sanne J. H. van Rooij, Timothy D. Ely, Tanja Jovanovic, Steven E. Bruce, Stacey L. House, Caitlin Ravichandran, Nathalie M. Dumornay, Katherine E. Finegold, Sarah B. Hill, Julia B. Merker, Karlye A. Phillips, Francesca L. Beaudoin, Xinming An, Thomas C. Neylan, Gari D. Clifford, Sarah D. Linnstaedt, Laura T. Germine, Scott L. Rauch, John P. Haran, Alan B. Storrow, Christopher Lewandowski, Paul Musey, Phyllis L. Hendry, Sophia Sheikh, Christopher W. Jones, Brittany E. Punches, Robert A. Swor, Meghan E. McGrath, Lauren A. Hudak, Jose L. Pascual, Mark J. Seamon, Elizabeth M. Datner, Anna M. Chang, Claire Pearson, Robert M. Domeier, Niels K. Rathlev, Brian J. O'Neil, Paulina Sergot, Leon D. Sanchez, Mark W. Miller, Robert H. Pietrzak, Jutta Joormann, Deanna M. Barch, Diego A. Pizzagalli, John F. Sheridan, Jordan W. Smoller, Beatriz Luna, Steven E. Harte, James M. Elliott, Ronald C. Kessler, Karestan C. Koenen, Samuel A. McLean, Jennifer S. Stevens, Kerry J. Ressler
Summary: The study found that persistent dissociation after trauma can predict worse psychiatric outcomes, and the neural correlates of trauma-related dissociation may be potential targets for treatment engagement to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Busra Tanriverdi, David F. Gregory, Thomas M. Olino, Timothy D. Ely, Nathaniel G. Harnett, Sanne J. H. van Rooij, Lauren A. M. Lebois, Antonia Seligowski, Tanja Jovanovic, Kerry J. Ressler, Stacey L. House, Francesca L. Beaudoin, Xinming An, Thomas C. Neylan, Gari D. Clifford, Sarah D. Linnstaedt, Laura T. Germine, Kenneth A. Bollen, Scott L. Rauch, John P. Haran, Alan B. Storrow, Christopher Lewandowski, Paul I. Musey, Phyllis L. Hendry, Sophia Sheikh, Christopher W. Jones, Brittany E. Punches, Michael C. Kurz, Meghan E. McGrath, Lauren A. Hudak, Jose L. Pascual, Mark J. Seamon, Elizabeth M. Datner, Claire Pearson, Robert M. Domeier, Niels K. Rathlev, Brian J. O'Neil, Leon D. Sanchez, Steven E. Bruce, Mark W. Miller, Robert H. Pietrzak, Jutta Joormann, Deanna M. Barch, Diego A. Pizzagalli, John F. Sheridan, Jordan W. Smoller, Steven E. Harte, James M. Elliott, Samuel A. McLean, Ronald C. Kessler, Karestan C. Koenen, Jennifer S. Stevens, Vishnu P. Murty
Summary: Hippocampal impairments are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), particularly in individuals with increased threat sensitivity and arousal responses. This study found that individuals who showed high threat-related arousal had decreased hippocampal responses to threat, which were associated with PTSD symptoms.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Evelina Sterina, Vasiliki Michopoulos, Sarah D. Linnstaedt, Thomas C. Neylan, Gari D. Clifford, Kelly F. Ethun, Adriana Lori, Aliza P. Wingo, Barbara O. Rothbaum, Kerry J. Ressler, Jennifer S. Stevens
Summary: This study found a negative correlation between the time of trauma and PTSD symptoms. Cortisol levels were not correlated with blood draw time, possibly due to the acute stress response masking the underlying circadian rhythm. There were also interactions between trauma time and the expression of certain genes that predicted PTSD symptoms.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Erin Hisey, Alicia Purkey, Yudong Gao, Kazi Hossain, Scott H. Soderling, Kerry J. Ressler
Summary: This study reveals the crucial role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus in threat memory processing, particularly in modulating the gain of behavioral output during threat retrieval and encoding. The projection from the ventromedial PFC to the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) is found to be involved in this modulation. This finding provides potential targets for intervention in threat-related disorders.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Joshua E. Lewis, Conrad W. Shebelut, Bradley R. Drumheller, Xuebao Zhang, Nithya Shanmugam, Michel Attieh, Michael C. Horwath, Anurag Khanna, Geoffrey H. Smith, David A. Gutman, Ahmed Aljudi, Lee A. D. Cooper, David L. Jaye
Summary: This study developed an automated machine learning-based pipeline for obtaining 11-component differential cell counts (DCCs) on whole-slide bone marrow aspirate (BMA) images. The pipeline demonstrated a high concordance with manual DCCs and reduced intraslide variance in DCCs. It has the potential to improve the current standard practice for analyzing hematologic disorders.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samantha A. Wong, Lauren A. M. Lebois, Timothy D. Ely, Sanne J. H. van Rooij, Steven E. Bruce, Vishnu P. Murty, Tanja Jovanovic, Stacey L. House, Francesca L. Beaudoin, Xinming An, Donglin Zeng, Thomas C. Neylan, Gari D. Clifford, Sarah D. Linnstaedt, Laura T. Germine, Kenneth A. Bollen, Scott L. Rauch, John P. Haran, Alan B. Storrow, Christopher Lewandowski, Paul I. Musey Jr, Phyllis L. Hendry, Sophia Sheikh, Christopher W. Jones, Brittany E. Punches, Michael C. Kurz, Robert A. Swor, Lauren A. Hudak, Jose L. Pascual, Mark J. Seamon, Claire Pearson, David A. Peak, Roland C. Merchant, Robert M. Domeier, Niels K. Rathlev, Brian J. O'Neil, Paulina Sergot, Leon D. Sanchez, Mark W. Miller, Robert H. Pietrzak, Jutta Joormann, Deanna M. Barch, Diego A. Pizzagalli, Steven E. Harte, James M. Elliott, Ronald C. Kessler, Karestan C. Koenen, Samuel A. McLean, Kerry J. Ressler, Jennifer S. Stevens, Nathaniel G. Harnett
Summary: Childhood trauma has a significant impact on white matter microstructure and future posttraumatic dysfunction. The internal capsule (IC) microstructure plays a crucial role in connecting childhood trauma with PTSD symptoms, while other white matter tracts do not show such mediation. This study highlights the importance of IC as a stable neural pathway between childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Erin E. Hisey, Emma L. Fritsch, Emily L. Newman, Kerry J. Ressler, Brian D. Kangas, William A. A. Carlezon Jr
Summary: Early-life stress has long-lasting impacts on the brain, increasing the risk of psychiatric illnesses. By modeling human early-life stress in mice, researchers have identified biomarkers that are relevant to mood and anxiety disorders, which can potentially improve treatment and prevention strategies.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Courtney L. L. Sexton, Colleen Buckley, Jake Lieberfarb, Francys Subiaul, Erin E. E. Hecht, Brenda J. J. Bradley
Summary: The study investigates how markings on dogs' faces influence their expressivity towards humans. It found that dogs with plainer faces tend to be more behaviorally expressive, and age and training level also impact expressivity. Interestingly, dogs use their face more wholistically during highly social interactions with owners. These findings are important for understanding the human-dog relationship and canine training and welfare.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Sophie A. Barton, Marc Kent, Erin E. Hecht
Summary: The brains of humans and non-human primates show left/right asymmetries in morphology, connections, and functional responses, which are related to specialized behaviors. These asymmetries also exist in behavioral tendencies across different animal species, indicating a common evolutionary origin. Canids, like domestic dogs, have large brains and exhibit lateralized behaviors. A study on dogs revealed volumetrically asymmetric regions of gray matter, suggesting that brain asymmetries underlying complex behaviors may be a common feature across different animal groups.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2023)