Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ya-Di Zhu, Xiao-Qing Guan, Jing Chen, Sheng Peng, Moshe Finel, Ying-Yuan Zhao, Rui-Min Wang, Hui-Chang Bi, Ming Lei, Dan-Dan Wang, Guang-Bo Ge
Summary: NBIF is identified as a potent natural inducer of UGT1A1, mainly activating and up-regulating PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma to induce UGT1A1 expression. This finding suggests that NBIF could be a promising lead compound for the development of more efficacious UGT1A1 inducers to treat hyperbilirubinaemia and UGT1A1-associated drug toxicities.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tomomi Morikawa, Tatsuki Fukami, Saki Gotoh-Saito, Masataka Nakano, Miki Nakajima
Summary: This study demonstrated the regulation of human AADAC by PPAR alpha through binding to DR1, and the significance of AADAC in lipid accumulation.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weibei Sheng, Qichang Wang, Haotian Qin, Siyang Cao, Yihao Wei, Jian Weng, Fei Yu, Hui Zeng
Summary: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that is exacerbated by population aging, resulting in a significant economic burden. Current therapies are inadequate, but research on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) shows promise in slowing OA progression. PPARs have emerged as potential targets for effective OA treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yiyuan Xi, Jujia Zheng, Wei Xie, Xiangwei Xu, Namki Cho, Xudong Zhou, Xiaomin Yu
Summary: The compound (+)-dehydrovomifoliol isolated from Artemisia frigida showed potent effects against lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid. It also affected hepatic lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation signaling, suggesting it could be a promising lead compound for developing new drugs for NAFLD prevention.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mounia Tahri-Joutey, Pierre Andreoletti, Sailesh Surapureddi, Boubker Nasser, Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki, Norbert Latruffe
Summary: This article discusses the shared ability of mitochondria and peroxisomes in degrading fatty acid chains, the hepatomegaly effect caused by clofibrate, the identification of peroxisome proliferators and their impact on the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway, and the modulation of PPAR alpha function by dietary micronutrients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaoyin Ye, Tong Zhang, Han Han
Summary: The activation of FXR receptor can reduce bile acid synthesis and alleviate cholestasis, but the unresponsiveness of some patients and side effects of UDCA or OCA treatment limit their effectiveness. Therefore, researchers have begun to investigate the role of PPARα receptor in regulating bile acid metabolism and transport, and have found its anti-inflammatory effects that can improve the physiological status of patients with cholestatic liver disorders.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yingxia Song, Atsushi Kurose, Renshi Li, Tomoki Takeda, Yuko Onomura, Takayuki Koga, Junpei Mutoh, Takumi Ishida, Yoshitaka Tanaka, Yuji Ishii
Summary: The study conducted metabolomics and DNA microarray analysis on mice not treated with dioxin, revealing fluctuations in lipid metabolism-related gene expression levels in Selenbp1-deficient mice, including decreased Cyp4a expression and reduced Ppar alpha and Rxr alpha, ultimately leading to oxidative stress and alterations in lipid metabolism pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Mayrene Horta Remedios, Weisheng Liang, Lucas N. Gonzalez, Victoria Li, Vanina G. Da Ros, Debora J. Cohen, Vanina Zaremberg
Summary: Sperm lack most membranous organelles and contain abundant ether glycerolipids, including plasmalogens, platelet activating factor, GPI-anchors, and seminolipid. These lipids play important roles in sperm function and performance, making them potential fertility markers and therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biology
Deokho Lee, Yohei Tomita, William Allen, Kazuo Tsubota, Kazuno Negishi, Toshihide Kurihara
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system are increasing globally, and it is crucial to modulate damaging signaling pathways for their treatment. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly PPARα, have been suggested as promising therapeutic targets for suppressing the development and progression of these diseases. Modulating PPARα may offer comprehensive therapeutic approaches for preventing and protecting against various CNS diseases, including those affecting the brain, spinal cord, and eye.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shi Fang, M. Christine Livergood, Pablo Nakagawa, Jing Wu, Curt D. Sigmund
Summary: This review focuses on the mechanisms by which nuclear receptors mediate transcriptional responses, with a specific emphasis on the role of PPARγ in regulating blood pressure. Genetic and clinical trial data demonstrate the importance of PPARγ in hypertension, and the tissue- and cell-specific molecular mechanisms by which PPARs modulate blood pressure and related phenotypes are detailed. The role of placental PPARs in preeclampsia is also discussed, along with future research directions and implications for novel therapies.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shipeng Zhou, Huimin You, Shuting Qiu, Dawei Yu, Yan Bai, Jincan He, Hua Cao, Qishi Che, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease primarily caused by abnormal lipid metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. Nuclear receptors PPARα and FXR play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and are considered the most promising targets for treatment.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Omkar Indari, Annu Rani, Budhadev Baral, Suleyman Ergun, Kiran Bala, Srikanth Karnati, Hem Chandra Jha
Summary: Viruses exploit peroxisomal compartment for successful infection. This study investigates the modulation of peroxisomal proteins in EBV transformed cell lines and during acute EBV infection. The results reveal distinct regulation of peroxisomal proteins in EBV infected cells and highlight the importance of investigating the manipulation of the peroxisomal compartment in EBV pathologies.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jie Yang, Xiao Yang, Yi-fei Zhang, Jia-ning Tian, Shi-cheng Fan, Yue Gao, Hui-lin Li, Cheng-hui Cai, Min Huang, Hui-chang Bi
Summary: In this study, it was found that activation of PPARa leads to hepatomegaly in mice, with hepatocyte hypertrophy around the central vein area and hepatocyte proliferation around the portal vein area. The study also revealed that the upregulation of PPARa targets is higher in the central vein area compared to the portal vein area, while the upregulation of proliferation-related proteins mainly occurs in the portal vein area. These findings provide new insights into the understanding of PPARa activation-induced liver enlargement and regeneration.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Haoyang Zou, Yiyao Gong, Haiqing Ye, Cuiping Yuan, Tiezhu Li, Jie Zhang, Li Ren
Summary: This study summarizes the physiological importance and clinical significance of PPARs and reviews the experimental evidence that natural products mediate metabolic syndrome via PPARs. The majority of currently described natural compounds are mild PPAR-selective agonists with therapeutic effects that are equivalent to synthetic medicines but less harmful adverse effects. Conclusion: PPAR agonists can be combined with natural products to treat and prevent metabolic syndrome.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katerina Cizkova, Tereza Foltynkova, Jiri Hanyk, Zbynek Kamencak, Zdenek Tauber
Summary: The study found that PPAR alpha plays an important role in the differentiation of intestinal cells, but the differentiation of intestinal epithelium may be independent of PPAR alpha.
Review
Cell Biology
Pierluigi Scalia, Stephen J. Williams, Yoko Fujita-Yamaguchi, Antonio Giordano
Summary: The IGFs are important growth factors that play a key role in cell growth and cell cycle progression through their cellular receptors. Understanding the intracellular signaling mechanisms of IGFs is crucial for cancer research. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of IGFs in cancer and suggests new perspectives for further research.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Ilenia Severi, Silvia Abbatelli, Jessica Perugini, Eleonora Di Mercurio, Martina Senzacqua, Antonio Giordano
Summary: This study is the first comprehensive morphological investigation into the distribution and physiological role of BChE in the mouse gastrointestinal tract. BChE-positive cells were found in various digestive organs, such as the stomach, liver, and intestine, and were closely linked to ghrelin production.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giovanni Ciccarelli, Stefano Conte, Giovanni Cimmino, Patrizia Maiorano, Andrea Morrione, Antonio Giordano
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a complex disease involving metabolic processes and inflammation. Despite improved therapies, a significant residual risk remains due to unmet therapeutic targets. Endothelial dysfunction and lipid infiltration are primary causes of atherosclerotic plaque progression. Mitochondrial dysfunction can affect arterial wall cells, leading to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and intracellular lipid deposition. Evaluating mitochondrial defects through the detection and characterization of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is crucial, and mitochondria-targeting therapies show promise in treating atherosclerosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sabino Luzzi, Alice Giotta Lucifero, Matias Baldoncini, Alvaro Campero, Renato Galzio, Michael T. Lawton
Summary: Optic foraminotomy (OF) is a viable alternative to anterior clinoidectomy (AC) for small superior-projecting paraclinoid aneurysms. This study compared the outcomes of OF and AC, and explored the indications for OF.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Valentina Corradini, Leonardo A. A. Pajewski, Davide Di Censo, Marcello Alecci, Angelo Galante
Summary: Hydrogel wound dressing is a convenient solution for treating difficult wounds. A new manufacturing process for sterile and packaged hydrogel wound dressings, based on interpenetrating calcium alginate, agar, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, has been developed. This new formulation overcomes drawbacks of previous technologies and shows improved resistance to mechanical deformations compared to existing products on the market.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesca Lombardi, Francesca Rosaria Augello, Paola Palumbo, Laura Bonfili, Serena Artone, Serena Altamura, Jenna Marie Sheldon, Giovanni Latella, Maria Grazia Cifone, Anna Maria Eleuteri, Benedetta Cinque
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the lysate from multi-strain probiotic formulation SLAB51 on the HIF pathway in an in vitro model of human intestinal epithelium and its protective role against lipopolysaccharide challenge. The probiotic lysate stabilized HIF-1 alpha through the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and the inhibition of NF- kappa B, NOS2, and IL-1 beta increase, thus protecting against LPS-induced inflammatory response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
G. De Thomasis, A. Galante, G. Fioravanti, L. Ottaviano, M. Alecci, G. Profeta
Summary: We calculate the spin-lattice relaxation time of water in contact with graphene oxide using molecular dynamics simulations. The water-graphene oxide interaction is characterized by calculating the relaxation properties of bulk water and the contact angle, and comparing them with experimental data. The effect of graphene oxide on the dynamics and relaxation properties of water in different conditions and concentrations is investigated. Despite the diamagnetic nature of graphene oxide, the confined bilayers strongly affect the longitudinal relaxation properties of interfacial water due to hydrogen bonds with oxygen groups, making it a promising platform for studying water dynamics in confined geometries and a potential contrast-agent for MRI applications.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Soheila Raysi Dehcordi, Renato Galzio, Federica Marrone, Hambra Di Vitantonio, Sara Marzi, Teresa Fasano, Graziano Taddei, Daniele Millimaggi, Tonino Di Cosimo, Francesco Abbate, Giuseppe Calvisi, Carlo Masciocchi, Alessandro Ricci
Summary: This study explores the correlation between MGMT methylation status and Ki67 positivity with patient age, glioma location, and lateralization. The findings indicate a significant association between MGMT methylated status and frontal lobe glioblastomas (GBMs), as well as an association between MGMT unmethylated status and temporal lobe GBMs. Additionally, there is a predictive value for MGMT methylation status in relation to patient age and Ki67 positivity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Elisa Ventura, Giacomo Ducci, Reyes Benot Dominguez, Valentina Ruggiero, Antonino Belfiore, Elena Sacco, Marco Vanoni, Renato V. V. Iozzo, Antonio Giordano, Andrea Morrione
Summary: Progranulin plays an important pro-tumorigenic role in various solid tumors and has diagnostic and prognostic values in multiple tumor types. The molecular mechanisms underlying progranulin's function in cancer are not fully understood, but recent evidence suggests a strong context-dependency of progranulin signaling. This review focuses on summarizing the current evidence supporting the pro-oncogenic role of progranulin and its molecular mechanisms of action in cancer.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Alessandra Retico, Francesca Maggiorelli, Giulio Giovannetti, Eddy Boskamp, Fraser Robb, Marco Fantasia, Angelo Galante, Marcello Alecci, Gianluigi Tiberi, Michela Tosetti
Summary: The present study aims to optimize, construct, and validate a double-tuned H-1-Na-23 volume RF coil suitable for human head imaging at 7 T, based on the birdcage geometry. A four-ring model has been selected and evaluated through simulations based on Maxwell's equations to ensure RF magnetic field homogeneity and efficiency. The best-performing four-ring model has been built and tested on a workbench using a cylindrical phantom filled with a 0.05 M saline solution, demonstrating its potential for H-1-Na-23 human head imaging at 7 T.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Giovanna Liguori, Anna Costagliola, Renato Lombardi, Orlando Paciello, Antonio Giordano
Summary: Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) are planned activities carried out in multidisciplinary teams with educational, therapeutic, and recreational purposes. These interventions offer many advantages to subjects but may expose them to zoonotic-pathogen transmission. Therefore, ensuring positive animal welfare and implementing preventive measures are crucial for the safety of patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesco D'Egidio, Vanessa Castelli, Annamaria Cimini, Michele d'Angelo
Summary: Huntington's Disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG triplet repeat in the HTT gene, resulting in the production of an aberrant huntingtin (Htt) protein. The accumulation of mutant protein leads to neuronal dysfunction and cell death, primarily through oxidative damage, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and mitochondrial impairment. This review aims to provide an overview of the cell's response to stress in HD, with a focus on the role of oxidative stress and its interaction with the antioxidant system.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fulvio Laus, Luca Laghi, Marilena Bazzano, Maria Grazia Cifone, Benedetta Cinque, Yaosen Yang, Andrea Marchegiani
Summary: Positive effects on animal health, feed efficiency, and milk's nutritional content have been found after oral administration of probiotics. This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation with high numbers of multispecies probiotic formulations on milk metabolomic profiles in donkeys. The results showed changes in metabolite concentrations and increased activity of alk-SMase and ALP after 30 days of probiotic supplementation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesca Rosaria Augello, Francesca Lombardi, Serena Artone, Alessia Ciafarone, Serena Altamura, Luisa Di Marzio, Maria Grazia Cifone, Paola Palumbo, Maurizio Giuliani, Benedetta Cinque
Summary: A polycomponent formulation (KARISMA Rh Collagen((R)) FACE, K) containing noncrosslinked high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA), a human recombinant polypeptide of collagen-1 alpha chain, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) shows potential in improving functions of adult fibroblasts and counteracting the effects of oxidative aging. The formulation enhances cell proliferation, migration, and collagen production while reducing aging-associated damage and oxidative stress markers.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alfredo Caturano, Margherita D'Angelo, Andrea Mormone, Vincenzo Russo, Maria Pina Mollica, Teresa Salvatore, Raffaele Galiero, Luca Rinaldi, Erica Vetrano, Raffaele Marfella, Marcellino Monda, Antonio Giordano, Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
Summary: Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development and progression of diabetes and its associated complications. The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the body's antioxidant defense mechanisms leads to cellular damage and dysfunction. By understanding and addressing oxidative stress, it may be possible to alleviate the burden of diabetes and improve patient outcomes.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)