Article
Cell Biology
Ragini Singh, Mohit Rajput, Rana P. Singh
Summary: Simulated microgravity (SMG) results in decreased cell proliferation and viability, increased DNA damage and apoptosis, and altered expression of DNA repair genes, leading to changes in DNA repair capacity. These effects may activate apoptotic cell death pathways mediated by ATM/ATR-Chk1/2 and Ku70/80 and DNA-PK.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Le P. Ngo, Simran Kaushal, A. Isaac Chaim, Patrizia Mazzucato, Catherine Ricciardi, D. Leona Samson, D. Zachary Nagel, P. Bevin Engelward
Summary: By utilizing the CometChip, researchers uncovered significant variability in DNA repair efficiency among individuals, indicating its potential utility in future epidemiological and clinical studies.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Martina Fiumara, Samuele Ferrari, Attya Omer-Javed, Stefano Beretta, Luisa Albano, Daniele Canarutto, Angelica Varesi, Chiara Gaddoni, Chiara Brombin, Federica Cugnata, Erika Zonari, Matteo Maria Naldini, Matteo Barcella, Bernhard Gentner, Ivan Merelli, Luigi Naldini
Summary: Base and prime editors have shown potential for precise genetic engineering, but their cellular responses and genotoxicity are not well understood. This study compared the efficiency, toxicity, and genotoxicity between base and prime editors and Cas9 in human hematopoietic cells. The findings suggest that these editors can induce harmful effects and genotoxicity, raising concerns for their clinical applications.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huishi Toh, Alexander Smolentsev, Ryan Sadjadi, Dennis Clegg, Jingqi Yan, Ron Stewart, James A. Thomson, Peng Jiang
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of long-term diabetes that can lead to vision loss. The early understanding and prevention of this condition are limited, with no effective methods until later stages. The study used a Nile rat model to examine the transcriptomic changes in retinal vascular development, aiming to better understand the early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huishi Toh, Alexander Smolentsev, Ryan Sadjadi, Dennis Clegg, Jingqi Yan, Ron Stewart, James A. Thomson, Peng Jiang
Summary: This study aims to understand the early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy by analyzing whole retinal vascular transcriptomic changes in a Nile rat model. The study identified the complex associations between acellular capillary density and factors like blood glucose, diet, and sex. A random forest regression model based on gene expression patterns was developed to predict acellular capillary density. Additionally, potential drugs that can attenuate early diabetic retinopathy were also identified.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yan Wang, Mengrong Su, Yujie Chen, Xinyu Huang, Lian Ruan, Qizhuang Lv, Li Li
Summary: This study provides a systematic review of the role and mechanism of DNA damage repair in germ cell development. It summarizes the causes, detection methods, and repair methods of DNA damage, as well as the mechanism of DNA damage repair. It also discusses the causes of abnormal DNA damage repair in germ cells, the effects of germ cell damage, and the applications of DNA damage repair in reproductive diseases and related surgical treatments.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ericka Marel Quezada-Maldonado, Yesennia Sanchez-Perez, Yolanda I. Chirino, Claudia M. Garcia-Cuellar
Summary: This study analyzed the types of DNA damage and alterations in DNA repair pathways induced by PM exposure, showing that PM mainly causes oxidative stress and DNA damage through the formation of DNA adducts and DSBs, as well as deregulates the protein expression in DNA repair pathways. However, there are still limitations in the knowledge about the effects of PM on DNA repair pathways, and further research is needed to deepen our understanding.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hongrui Guo, Yujuan Ouyang, Jiaqi Wang, Hengmin Cui, Huidan Deng, Xinyue Zhong, Zhijie Jian, Huan Liu, Jing Fang, Zhicai Zuo, Xun Wang, Ling Zhao, Yi Geng, Ping Ouyang, Huaqiao Tang
Summary: Copper is essential but over-exposure can lead to adverse health effects. CuSO4 was found to induce spermatogenesis disorder through oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis, impairing male reproductive function.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Inga R. Grin, Daria V. Petrova, Anton V. Endutkin, Chunquan Ma, Bing Yu, Haiying Li, Dmitry O. Zharkov
Summary: Base excision DNA repair is an important pathway in safeguarding the genome of plants, and understanding their repair mechanisms is crucial for developing new crop varieties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
S. Ahmad, M. L. Tan, Shahrul Hamid
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is a leading global cause of death, influenced by factors such as genetics, high-fat intake, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and lifestyle. The disease is caused by the sudden production of reactive oxygen species, resulting in DNA damage and cell death. Various forms of DNA damage have been associated with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, reducing reactive oxygen species is crucial, and nutraceuticals and their bioactive compounds play a role in mitigating DNA damage.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jingqian Su, Qiaofen Su, Shan Hu, Xinglin Ruan, Songying Ouyang
Summary: Aging is a cellular state characterized by a permanent cessation of cell division and evasion of apoptosis. DNA damage, metabolic dysfunction, telomere damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main factors associated with senescence. Ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicine, has active components that have antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, neuroprotective, and age-delaying effects. This review focuses on the anti-aging mechanisms of the active ingredients of ginseng and expands the scope of ideas for further research on natural products and aging.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuangyan Yao, Yuting Feng, Yan Zhang, Jinrong Feng
Summary: Cells face constant genetic assaults that cause DNA damage, leading to genome instability. Eukaryotic cells have evolved a DNA damage response system to monitor and repair these lesions. Studies show that DDR genes in pathogenic fungus Candida albicans are functionally similar to those in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but may act through distinct mechanisms, particularly in resisting DNA damage stress induced by reactive oxygen species.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Filipe Rollo, Guilherme D. Martins, Andre G. Gouveia, Solenne Ithurbide, Pascale Servant, Celia V. Romao, Elin Moe
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of three Endonuclease III-like enzymes encoded by genes in Deinococcus radiodurans. While DrEndoIII2 is the main enzyme in this bacterium, DrEndoIII1 and 3 show unusual and undetectable activity, respectively. The knockout mutants of these genes were more resistant to oxidative stress induced by methyl viologen, indicating the crucial role of all three EndoIII homologs for cell survival. The upregulation of EndoIII homologs gene expression in response to oxidative stress may compensate for the loss of one gene.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Polina Zhdanova, Alexander A. Ishchenko, Alexander A. Chernonosov, Dmitry O. Zharkov, Vladimir V. Koval
Summary: The study reveals the structural and dynamic features of human endonuclease VIII-like protein 2 (hNEIL2), showing its unique specificity for non-canonical DNA substrates and conformational flexibility in solution.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Coline Arnould, Vincent Rocher, Anne-Laure Finoux, Thomas Clouaire, Kevin Li, Felix Zhou, Pierre Caron, Philippe. E. Mangeot, Emiliano P. Ricci, Raphael Mourad, James E. Haber, Daan Noordermeer, Gaelle Legube
Summary: The repair of DNA double-strand breaks is essential for maintaining genome integrity. This study demonstrates the functional role of topologically associating domains in establishing gamma H2AX-53BP1 chromatin domains, involving cohesin-mediated loop extrusion on both sides of the DSB.