Secreted fibroblast-derived miR-34a induces tubular cell apoptosis in fibrotic kidney

Tubular epithelial cell apoptosis contributes to tubulointerstitial fibrosis but its regulation remains unclear. Here, in fibrotic kidney induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), we demonstrate that miR-34a is markedly upregulated in tubulointerstitial spaces and microvesicles isolated from obstructed kidney. However, miR-34a is not de novo synthesized by proximal tubular epithelial cells but by fibroblasts after incubation with TGF-beta 1. miR-34a is markedly upregulated in microvesicles isolated from the cell culture medium of TGF-beta 1-treated fibroblasts. These microvesicles act as a vector for delivery of upregulated miR-34a from fibroblasts to tubular cells. The fibroblast-derived miR-34a-containing microvesicles induce the apoptosis of tubular cells. The exogenous miR-34a regulates tubular apoptosis by modulating the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Moreover, injection of exogenous miR-34a-containing microvesicles enhances tubular cell apoptosis in mice. This study suggests that secreted fibroblast miR-34a transported by microvesicles induces tubular cell apoptosis in obstructed kidney. This study reveals a new mechanism whereby microvesiclemediated communication of miRNA between fibroblasts and tubular cells is involved in regulating tubular cell apoptosis, which might provide new therapeutic targets for renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.