Article
Cell Biology
Merel Stiekema, Frederik Houben, Fons Verheyen, Marcel Borgers, Julia Menzel, Martin Meschkat, Marc A. M. J. van Zandvoort, Frans C. S. Ramaekers, Jos L. Broers
Summary: Invaginations of the nuclear membrane occur in different shapes, sizes, and compositions. The nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR) is composed of tubular invaginations consisting of either both the inner and outer nuclear membrane or only the inner nuclear membrane. The formation and structure of the NR are determined by proteins associated with the nuclear membrane. The study of nuclear invaginations and the NR is important for understanding various diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Chieko Goto, Ikuko Hara-Nishimura, Kentaro Tamura
Summary: The shape of plant nuclei varies among different species, tissues, and cell types, regulated by several nuclear envelope proteins. These proteins not only influence nuclear shape but also participate in nuclear and cellular functions such as maintenance of chromatin structure, gene expression, and plant growth.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Deepak Anand, Arunima Chaudhuri
Summary: The nuclear membrane plays a crucial role in separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm and maintaining the shape of the nucleus through its connection with other cellular structures. The lipid-protein composition of the nuclear membrane is important for understanding its function and signaling pathways.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cheryl L. Smith, Yemin Lan, Rajan Jain, Jonathan A. Epstein, Andrey Poleshko
Summary: The nuclear architecture of rod photoreceptor cells in nocturnal mammals differs from that of other animal cells, with euchromatin and heterochromatin occupying opposite positions. This unique structure is achieved through global relabeling of the rod cell epigenome, involving histone modifications such as H3K9 methylation. This study highlights the significance of epigenetic changes in shaping nuclear architecture in postmitotic cells.
Article
Plant Sciences
Nan Wang, Ezgi Suheyla Karaaslan, Natalie Faiss, Kenneth Wayne Berendzen, Chang Liu
Summary: Plant nuclear lamin proteins play conserved roles in modulating stress responses, with CRWN and NMCP in Arabidopsis being key proteins for maintaining nuclear integrity and responding to external stresses.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra G. Liddane, James M. Holaska
Summary: It is commonly recognized in the field that cancer cells exhibit changes in the size and shape of their nuclei, which can impact cell migration and metastasis. Nuclear structural changes are predicted to regulate cancer cell migration across various tumor types, and alterations in nuclear lamina proteins, such as emerin, may play a significant role in cancer progression and clinical outcomes. Understanding the factors driving these nuclear abnormalities and their functional consequences remains an area of ongoing research in the field of cancer biology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jeeyoung Lee, Ly Thi Huong Luu Le, Eunkyoung Kim, Min Jae Lee
Summary: Cellular stress induces the formation of membraneless protein condensates in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Under hyperosmotic stress, nuclear 26S proteasomes are compartmentalized into dense nuclear foci, independent of signaling cascades, which may be a major cell survival mechanism during pressure conditions.
Article
Cell Biology
Anne F. J. Janssen, Sophia Y. Breusegem, Delphine Larrieu
Summary: Nuclear morphology abnormalities have significant impact on cellular functioning and genomic integrity, making quantitative measurement of nuclear shape crucial. This article provides an overview of various nuclear abnormalities and reviews current image-based quantification methods. New pipelines for quantitative analysis of nuclear shape are also introduced. Quantitative analyses of nuclear aberrations and shape have wide applications in assessing cancer cell anomalies and studying nucleus deformability under stress.
Review
Cell Biology
Bernhard Hampoelz, Janina Baumbach
Summary: This review discusses the role of the nuclear envelope (NE) in protecting and organizing the eukaryotic genome. It explores topics such as NE disassembly and reassembly, variation in surface area and protein composition, and how these factors impact chromatin organization and gene expression in animal development.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jose David Arregui-Mena, David A. Cullen, Robert N. Worth, Singanallur V. Venkatakrishnan, Matthew S. L. Jordan, Michael Ward, Chad M. Parish, Nidia Gallego, Yutai Katoh, Philip D. Edmondson, Nassia Tzelepi
Summary: Porosity can heavily influence the properties of nuclear-grade graphite, and electron tomography is able to visualize the sub-micron pores in three dimensions. This research demonstrates the 3D structure of both native and irradiation-induced nano-cracks in graphite, as well as the unique characteristics of graphite such as pore structure. The technique could also be useful for molecular dynamic simulations and experimental techniques related to irradiated graphite and other nuclear porous carbon-based materials.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Mark F. Santos, Germana Rappa, Jana Karbanova, Simona Fontana, Maria Antonietta Di Bella, Marshall R. Pope, Barbara Parrino, Stella Maria Cascioferro, Giulio Vistoli, Patrizia Diana, Girolamo Cirrincione, Goffredo O. Arena, Gyunghwi Woo, Kevin Huang, Tony Huynh, Marta Moschetti, Riccardo Alessandro, Denis Corbeil, Aurelio Lorico
Summary: The antifungal compound itraconazole disrupts the binding of Rab7 to ORP3-VAP-A complexes, inhibiting EV-mediated pro-metastatic morphological changes such as cell migration in colon cancer cells. This discovery may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Esam E. Elgorashi, Ibrahim M. S. Eldeen, Tshepiso J. Makhafola, Jacobus N. Eloff, Luc Verschaeve
Summary: Smoke from Acacia seyal Delile wood is used for making a smoke bath in Sudan. The study aimed to investigate its anti-inflammatory effects using COX-1 and COX-2 assays, as well as potential genotoxic effects using bacterial and mammalian cell-based assays. Results showed that the smoke condensate induced mutations and DNA damage, highlighting potential health risks associated with the practice.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Natalie Y. Chen, Paul H. Kim, Yiping Tu, Ye Yang, Patrick J. Heizer, Stephen G. Young, Loren G. Fong
Summary: The expression level of LAP2I3 is negatively correlated with the frequency of nuclear membrane ruptures in cells deficient in nuclear lamins.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Muyu Yang, Jian Ma
Summary: In this study, a new transformer-based deep learning model called UNADON is developed to predict the genome-wide cytological distance between chromosomes and a specific type of nuclear body. By using sequence features and epigenomic signals, UNADON shows high accuracy in predicting chromatin spatial positioning to nuclear bodies in four cell lines. It also reveals potential sequence and epigenomic factors that affect large-scale chromatin compartmentalization in nuclear bodies.
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Katja Graumann
Summary: Researchers have used superresolution microscopy to reveal the composition of the plant nuclear lamina, confirming the presence of plant-specific nuclear proteins within it.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Katherine Y. Peng, Rocio Perez-Gonzalez, Melissa J. Alldred, Chris N. Goulbourne, Jose Morales-Corraliza, Mariko Saito, Mitsuo Saito, Stephen D. Ginsberg, Paul M. Mathews, Efrat Levy
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Letitia Jean, Stephen Brimijoin, David J. Vaux
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2019)
Article
Developmental Biology
Pasquale D'Acunzo, Tal Hargash, Monika Pawlik, Chris N. Goulbourne, Rocio Perez-Gonzalez, Efrat Levy
DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lior Pytowski, Chiu Fan Lee, Alex C. Foley, David J. Vaux, Letitia Jean
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pasquale D'Acunzo, Rocio Perez-Gonzalez, Yohan Kim, Tal Hargash, Chelsea Miller, Melissa J. Alldred, Hediye Erdjument-Bromage, Sai C. Penikalapati, Monika Pawlik, Mitsuo Saito, Mariko Saito, Stephen D. Ginsberg, Thomas A. Neubert, Chris N. Goulbourne, Efrat Levy
Summary: The study identified a previously unknown population of double-membraned EVs called mitovesicles, which contain specific mitochondrial constituents and undergo changes during pathophysiological processes involving mitochondrial dysfunction. The development of a method for the selective isolation of mitovesicles opens up new possibilities for characterizing biological processes connecting EV biology and mitochondria dynamics in vivo, as well as for innovative therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
Article
Cell Biology
Pearl P. Y. Lie, Dun-Sheng Yang, Philip Stavrides, Chris N. Goulbourne, Ping Zheng, Panaiyur S. Mohan, Anne M. Cataldo, Ralph A. Nixon
Summary: Research reveals that mature lysosomes are restricted from entering axons in neurons, while transport carriers derived from the TGN supply lysosomal components to axons. In axons, most LAMP1 vesicles are weakly acidic TCs that shuttle lysosomal components bidirectionally.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lior Pytowski, David J. Vaux, Letitia Jean
Summary: The process of amyloid aggregation, which is involved in protein misfolding diseases, is triggered by the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and hydrogelation of hIAPP, catalyzed by hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces. It was found that increased viscosity exacerbated the kinetic variability of hydrogelation, while macromolecular crowding eliminated heterogeneity in the system. Furthermore, the study highlighted that in vivo crowded environments could significantly impact amyloid stages beyond LLPS and pathogenesis.
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leroy C. Joseph, Michael Reyes, Edwin A. Homan, Blake Gowen, Uma Mahesh R. Avula, Chris N. Goulbourne, Elaine Y. Wan, John W. Elrod, John P. Morrow
Summary: The study reveals that high fat diet-induced mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to arrhythmia through alterations in mechanisms, and suggests that MCU and CaMKII could be therapeutic targets for arrhythmia caused by metabolic abnormalities.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Rita De Gasperi, Chenglin Mo, Daniella Azulai, Zhiying Wang, Lauren M. Harlow, Yating Du, Zachary Graham, Jiangping Pan, Xin-hua Liu, Lei Guo, Bin Zhang, Fred Ko, Ashleigh M. Raczkowski, William A. Bauman, Chris N. Goulbourne, Wei Zhao, Marco Brotto, Christopher P. Cardozo
Summary: This study investigates the role of Numb protein in skeletal muscle structure and function. The expression of Numb is reduced with advanced age in human muscle. Knockout of Numb leads to decreased muscle force, altered mitochondrial structure, delayed calcium transients, and changes in gene expression and lipid mediators. These findings suggest that Numb plays critical roles in skeletal muscle and may contribute to the loss of muscle function observed with sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Francois-Xavier Blaudin de The, Benjamin Lassus, Ari W. Schaler, Stephanie L. Fowler, Chris N. Goulbourne, Ross Jeggo, Clotilde Mannoury la Cour, Mark J. Millan, Karen E. Duff
Summary: Studies have shown that in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies, the trans-synaptic transfer and accumulation of pathological tau disrupt neuronal clearance mechanisms, leading to disease progression. This phenomenon may precede the appearance of obvious tau aggregation.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bryana R. Barreto, Pasquale D'Acunzo, Jonathan M. Ungania, Sasmita Das, Audrey Hashim, Chris N. Goulbourne, Stefanie Canals-Baker, Mitsuo Saito, Mariko Saito, Henry Sershen, Efrat Levy
Summary: Changes in endosomes and exosomes are correlated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. In mice exposed to cocaine, there is a decrease in the number of endosomes and exosomes in the brain of male mice, along with an increase in alpha-synuclein content. These changes are not observed in female mice but can be seen after ovariectomy. These findings suggest a potential mechanism for the different response of females to chronic cocaine exposure.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pearl P. Y. Lie, Lang Yoo, Chris N. Goulbourne, Martin J. Berg, Philip Stavrides, Chunfeng Huo, Ju-Hyun Lee, Ralph A. Nixon
Summary: This study reveals the dysfunction and mistrafficking of organelles in autophagy- and endosomal-lysosomal pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The researchers found that degradative organelles in axons are selectively vulnerable to local calcium dysregulation, which is greatly influenced by the activation of TRPML1 channels. The study also identified a mechanism involving calcium-mediated JNK activation and DIC1B serine-80 phosphorylation that contributes to neuritic dystrophy.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Pasquale D'Acunzo, Yohan Kim, Jonathan M. Ungania, Rocio Perez-Gonzalez, Chris N. Goulbourne, Efrat Levy
Summary: This article provides a detailed protocol for isolating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from murine and human brains, as well as downstream protocols for characterizing and analyzing these EVs. The technique allows for quantitative and highly reproducible analysis of EV subtypes in normal physiological processes and pathological brain conditions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yohan Kim, Rocio Perez-Gonzalez, Chelsea Miller, Michelle Kurz, Pasquale D'Acunzo, Chris N. Goulbourne, Efrat Levy
Summary: Extracellular vesicles in the brain, particularly microvesicles and exosomes, play a critical role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and cell-to-cell communication. This study reveals sex-dependent differences in the levels and content of extracellular vesicles in the aging brain. Female brains exhibit enhanced turnover of extracellular vesicles during aging, suggesting a mechanism for successful brain aging in females and potential differences in susceptibility to age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Anna Pensalfini, Seonil Kim, Shivakumar Subbanna, Cynthia Bleiwas, Chris N. Goulbourne, Philip H. Stavrides, Ying Jiang, Ju-Hyun Lee, Sandipkumar Darji, Monika Pawlik, Chunfeng Huo, James Peddy, Martin J. Berg, John F. Smiley, Balapal S. Basavarajappa, Ralph A. Nixon