Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jing Yang, Xiaodi Zhang, Mei Zhong, Yanhui Bai, Wentao Liu, Jinge Hu, Weiqun Wang
Summary: This study aims to investigate the differences between 0.2% and 0.15% brimonidine tartrate eye drops in terms of anti-mydriatic effects and optical quality under different light conditions. It was found that 0.15% brimonidine tartrate eye drops had similar anti-mydriatic ability to 0.2% concentration, but provided better visual quality and hardly induced pupil shift.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Mitra Nejad, Shawn R. Lin, Linda H. Hwang, Mark Landig, Saba Al-Hashimi, John D. Bartlett
Summary: The study evaluated the effect of brimonidine tartrate 0.025% ophthalmic solution on pupil size under scotopic conditions in healthy adults. Significant miosis was observed post-instillation, with greater effect in light irides compared to dark irides. Further research is needed to determine the clinical significance of this effect.
GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jihei Sara Lee, Chan Yun Kim
Summary: Brimonidine tartrate is an effective and safe treatment for reducing ocular redness, providing relief for up to 8 hours without causing common side effects associated with other vasoconstrictors.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yusuke Orii, Eriko Kunikane, Yutaka Yamada, Masakazu Morioka, Kentaro Iwasaki, Shogo Arimura, Akemi Mizuno, Masaru Inatani
Summary: This study evaluated the concentrations of brimonidine and timolol in the vitreous and aqueous humors after instillation of a 0.1% brimonidine tartrate and 0.5% timolol fixed-combination ophthalmic solution. The majority of patients showed a brimonidine concentration >2 nM in the vitreous humor. Brimonidine and timolol may be distributed in the ocular tissues through an identical pathway after topical instillation.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yusuke Orii, Eriko Kunikane, Yutaka Yamada, Masakazu Morioka, Kentaro Iwasaki, Shogo Arimura, Akemi Mizuno, Masaru Inatani
Summary: This study evaluated the concentrations of brimonidine and brinzolamide in the vitreous and aqueous humor after instillation of a 0.1% brimonidine tartrate and 1% brinzolamide fixed-combination ophthalmic suspension. The results showed that the concentration of brimonidine in the vitreous samples was greater than 2 nM, indicating its activation of α2 receptors. However, there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of brimonidine in the vitreous and aqueous humor samples, suggesting the existence of another pathway to the vitreous humor.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hidenobu Tanihara, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Makoto Aihara, Noriko Koizumi, Hiroomi Minami, Satoshi Kojima, Tomoyuki Isobe, Mizuho Kanazawa, Hideki Suganami
Summary: This study evaluated the pharmacologic effects of RBFC treatment compared to its separate components- ripasudil or brimonidine. The results showed that RBFC significantly reduced intraocular pressure and was more effective than ripasudil or brimonidine at certain time points. RBFC treatment had some side effects, such as transient conjunctival hyperemia and morphologic changes in corneal endothelial cells.
ADVANCES IN THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ibrahim Tuncer, Sinan Bilgin, Mehmet Ozgur Zengin, Mehmet Serhat Mangan, Abdullah Karaca, Cezmi Dogan, Esat Cinar
Summary: Brimonidine tartrate 0.15% ophthalmic solution had a significant miosis under scotopic condition for at least 8 hours after instillation and had a significant miosis on the untreated eye for at least 6 hours.
Article
Ophthalmology
Taiichiro Chikama, Koichiro Shinji, Chika Yokota, Ken Hayashi, Yoshiaki Kiuchi
Summary: This study reviewed the medical charts of five patients with brimonidine tartrate (BT)-related corneal disorders. Four patients had fan-shaped corneal opacity, while one patient had limbal corneal infiltrations. Confocal microscopy showed dendritic cells and lipid deposits in the fan-shaped opacity and neutrophils in limbal infiltrations. Discontinuation of BT and corticosteroid treatment improved the limbal infiltrations, but the fan-shaped opacity persisted. Therefore, it is important to discontinue BT and initiate anti-inflammatory treatment before the development of a fan-shaped opacity.
OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Engy A. Abdel Azim, Seham A. Elkheshen, Rania M. Hathout, Marwa A. Fouly, Nada M. El Hoffy
Summary: The gelatinized-core liposomes successfully increased the entrapment efficiency of hydrophilic drugs, improved corneal penetration, and enhanced physical stability. The optimized formulations significantly reduced intra-ocular pressure in vivo and sustained the pharmacological effect for a longer period compared to drug solutions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Andy Schumann, Nadin Helbing, Katrin Rieger, Stefanie Suttkus, Karl-Juergen Baer
Summary: This study found that using smartphone-based HRV-biofeedback training can improve cardiovagal function and reduce depressive symptoms, including self-rated rumination tendencies.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Yuya Kinzuka, Fumiaki Sato, Tetsuto Minami, Shigeki Nakauchi
Summary: This study found that temporal perception is influenced by illusory brightness, with apparently brighter stimuli leading to a shorter perceived duration. Even when the physical luminance of stimuli was adjusted to match the illusory-induced magnitude, this temporal modulation did not occur. The results suggest that temporal processing depends on a combination of external and perceived subjective magnitude, with illusory brightness affecting the sense of duration.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yong-Sik Lee, Hui-June Kim, Dong-Kyu Lim, Myoung-Hee Kim, Koon-Ja Lee
Summary: This study assessed the impact of age, illuminance, and refractive state on changes in pupil diameter. The results showed that illuminance was the main factor affecting pupil diameter in participants over 50 years, while refractive state was the dominant factor in participants below 50 years. Pupil diameter decreased with older age and brighter illuminance. There were significant differences in pupil diameter among different refractive states.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bala Vikash, Shashi, Narendra Kumar Pandey, Bimlesh Kumar, Sheetu Wadhwa, Umesh Goutam, Aftab Alam, Faisal Al-Otaibi, Pramila Chaubey, Gulam Mustafa, Gaurav Gupta, Kamal Dua, Sachin Kumar Singh
Summary: The aim of this study was to develop an ocular Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) loaded with Brimonidine tartrate (BRT) and evaluate its ex-vivo permeability. The optimized SNEDDS loaded with BRT showed a droplet size of 118.3 nm, a PDI of 0.251, a pH of 6.34 +/- 0.31, and a viscosity of 12.39 +/- 2.31 cP. The optimized SNEDDS had excellent stability in the shelving period and a higher apparent permeability coefficient compared to the marketed formulation. These findings suggest that Brimonidine tartrate-loaded SNEDDS can be a promising nanocarrier for ocular drug delivery.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jianping Gao, Sijie Zhang, Yunyong He, Qi Zhang, Lu Sun, Chang Lu, Yi Wu, Enhuai He, Changfeng Yang
Summary: A real-world driving experiment was conducted in the Wen-Ma section of the G4217 Rong-Chang Freeway in Sichuan Province to investigate the impact law of pupil diameter of drivers in tunnel groups on mountainous freeways. The study found that the different zones within a tunnel group have varying effects on the pupil diameter of drivers. A model and definition standard were established, recommending a safety length threshold for the connecting zones based on this research.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION
(2021)
Article
Biology
Marine Megemont, Jim McBurney-Lin, Hongdian Yang
Summary: Pupil diameter is often used as a noninvasive measure of locus coeruleus (LC) activity. However, there is substantial variability in the relationship between pupil diameter and LC activity, limiting its accuracy in predicting LC activity. Additionally, pupil responses to optical stimulation in the LC show session-to-session fluctuations, and these variations are correlated with decision bias-related behavioral variables.