Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoqin Tang, Qian Xu, Shuo Yang, Xinwu Huang, Long Wang, Feihong Huang, Jiesi Luo, Xiaogang Zhou, Anguo Wu, Qibing Mei, Chunling Zhao, Jianming Wu
Summary: Platelets, as the second most abundant blood component, play a crucial role in various physiological and pathological functions. In addition to its traditional role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets also have an indispensable role in inflammatory diseases. Thrombocytopenia, a common hematologic problem, is closely related to the fatality of many diseases, highlighting the significance of its prevention and treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ling Wei, Xue-Sen Wen, Cory J. Xian
Summary: Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis is a painful condition that affects a significant number of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Recent research has highlighted the relationship between dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and mucositis, showing that chemotherapy can shape the microbiota and worsen mucositis through TLR signaling pathways. This review aims to explore how gut microbiota affects the pathogenesis of mucositis and provide potential new strategies for treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Vazquez-Carballo, Melania Guerrero-Hue, Cristina Garcia-Caballero, Sandra Rayego-Mateos, Lucas Opazo-Rios, Jose Luis Morgado-Pascual, Carmen Herencia-Bellido, Mercedes Vallejo-Mudarra, Isabel Cortegano, Maria Luisa Gaspar, Belen de Andres, Jesus Egido, Juan Antonio Moreno
Summary: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Studies suggest that inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of AKI, and anti-inflammatory agents targeting Toll-like receptors may help reduce kidney damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Bahareh Kashani, Zahra Zandi, Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi, Davood Bashash, Seyed H. Ghaffari
Summary: The TLR family is crucial for pattern recognition in innate immunity, with TLR4 playing a significant role in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Aberrant expression of TLR4 in tumors is closely associated with tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance. TLR4 inhibitors show promise in cancer therapy.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
You-Take Oh, Shi-Yong Sun
Summary: The involvement of the TRAIL/death receptor signaling pathway in the regulation of cancer invasion and metastasis is complex, with both positive and negative roles reported. The underlying molecular mechanisms are even more complicated. This review focuses on discussing the current understanding of how TRAIL/death receptor-mediated signaling regulates cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonios Lazaridis, Eleni Gavriilaki, Stella Douma, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
Summary: Essential hypertension is a highly heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology, where subclinical inflammation and abnormal activation of TLR signaling play crucial roles in its pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ali Keshavarz, Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi, Parisa Zafari, Nader Bagheri, Seyed H. Ghaffari, Davood Bashash
Summary: TLRs play a crucial role in immune system, but misregulation is linked to cancer development. Aberrant expression of TLRs allows cancer cells to escape immune surveillance and promotes proliferation and angiogenesis.
Review
Rheumatology
Steven O'Reilly
Summary: SSc is an autoimmune disease characterized by vascular abnormalities, inflammation, and fibrosis of the skin and lungs. Inflammation and fibrosis are closely connected in this disease, and Toll-like receptors play a significant role in its pathogenesis and may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Review
Cell Biology
Valentino Le Noci, Giancarla Bernardo, Francesca Bianchi, Elda Tagliabue, Michele Sommariva, Lucia Sfondrini
Summary: The microbiota is a complex ecosystem of active microorganisms in mammals, playing critical roles in maintaining health, symbiosis with the immune system, pathogen defense, and tolerance to commensal microbes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key in sensing the microbiota, associated with cancer development, and potentially disrupting TLR tolerance.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Ji Young Kim, Ji Hye Shin, Mi-Jeong Kim, Yeeun Kang, Ji Su Lee, Juhee Son, Soo-Kyung Jeong, Daesik Kim, Duk-Hwan Kim, Eunyoung Chun, Ki-Young Lee
Summary: beta-arrestin 2 (ARRB2) is shown to have a negative regulatory role in lung cancer progression by inhibiting TLR3 and TLR4-induced autophagy. The decrease in ARRB2 expression is correlated with enrichment gene sets associated with oncogenic and cancer genes. ARRB2 interacts with TRAF6 and BECN1 to inhibit NF-κB activation and autophagy induced by TLR3 and TLR4. Knockout of ARRB2 enhances cancer migration, invasion, colony formation, and proliferation in response to TLR3 and TLR4 stimulation.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva, Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio, Robson Coutinho-Silva, David M. Ojcius
Summary: The innate immune system in vertebrates and invertebrates relies on conserved receptors and ligands, and pathways to initiate a rapid response against microbial infections and other sources of stress and danger. Research on NOD-like receptors (NLRs) has advanced in the past two decades, providing insight into the ligands and conditions that activate NLRs, as well as the outcomes of NLR activation in cells and animals. NLRs play crucial roles in diverse functions, such as transcription of MHC molecules and initiation of inflammation, and their activation can be direct or indirect depending on the ligands involved. Future discoveries will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular details and physiological consequences of NLR activation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Eileena F. Giurini, Mary Beth Madonna, Andrew Zloza, Kajal H. Gupta
Summary: In this review, we discuss the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in cancer and their potential as a target for immunotherapy. TLRs are transmembrane receptors involved in innate immunity and can recognize molecules derived from microbes and damaged cells. Activation of TLRs can lead to either pro-tumoral effects or anti-tumoral effects, depending on the TLR and tumor type. Understanding the effects of TLR stimulation in cancer is crucial for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer.
Review
Immunology
Yosef Tsegaye Dabi, Abayomi O. Ajagbe, Sisay T. Degechisa
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition receptors expressed in various cells within the body, including the central nervous system. Activation of TLRs induces immune and inflammatory responses to CNS injury or infection, which may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of TLR expression in the CNS and their connections to specific neurodegenerative disorders may lead to the development of targeted therapeutic approaches.
IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Elien Eeckhout, Lisa Hamerlinck, Veronique Jonckheere, Petra Van Damme, Geert van Loo, Andy Wullaert
Summary: This study showed that different types of cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, play different roles in host defense against C. rodentium infection in mice. While both necroptosis and pyroptosis were found to be dispensable for pathogen clearance, apoptosis and caspase-8 signaling were essential for intestinal host defense. The study also revealed the importance of canonical inflammasome signaling in systemic host defense against C. rodentium infection.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kumari Sunita Prajapati, Shashank Kumar
Summary: miR-6844 dysregulation reduces the stemness and self-renewal properties of breast cancer stem cells by modulating the CD44-JAK2-STAT3 pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy to target breast cancer stemness and self-renewal.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
