Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mohammed Badwelan, Mohammed Alkindi, Osama Alghamdi, Abeer Ahmed, Sundar Ramalingam, Ali Alrahlah
Summary: Bone regeneration using PEVAV/beta-TCP composite scaffolds was evaluated in a rat model with standardized calvarial defects. The results showed that the PEVAV/beta-TCP biocomposite exhibited higher new bone volume compared to control defects, with PEVAV/beta-TCP 70 showing the highest new bone volume among all grafting conditions at 10 weeks post-surgery. The study suggests the potential of PEVAV/beta-TCP composite scaffold for regenerating critical-sized calvarial bone defects.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Mira Huefner, Nicole Rauch, Beryl Schwarz-Herzke, Ivonne Jeanette Knorr, Martin Sager, Dieter Drescher, Kathrin Becker
Summary: The study found that peri-implant vessel thickness and density were associated with force magnitude in the early loading phase, but this effect diminished after 8 weeks of loading.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Amelie Poilliot, Max Hans-Peter Gay-Dujak, Magdalena Muller-Gerbl
Summary: This study assessed the mineralization and microstructure of the subchondral endplates and trabecular bone in the cervical vertebrae using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry and micro-computed tomography. The results showed that the highest mineralization was found in the dorsal-caudal region of the C4 vertebra. Based on these findings, it is recommended to position orthopedic implants dorsally with screws anchored in the dorsal-caudal region.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Isabella Melena, Jing W. Hughes
Summary: This review article summarizes the current knowledge of cilia action in islet hormone regulation and glucose homeostasis, focusing on newly implicated ciliary pathways. By studying the role of cilia in intercellular communication in pancreatic islets, this article discusses the importance of cilia-controlled glucose homeostasis in health and metabolic diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Susan A. Bloomfield, Sibyl N. Swift, Corinne E. Metzger, Kyunghwa Baek, Mary Jane De Souza, Scott Lenfest, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Harry A. Hogan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether endurance exercise can mitigate bone loss induced by graded energy deficits. It was found that combining increased exercise energy expenditure with smaller reductions in energy intake can protect bone mass and lean mass in rodents. This may be due to better preservation of circulating IGF-1. In conclusion, moderate exercise and appropriate reduction in energy intake are important for bone protection.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lian Duan, Shengmin Yang, Lin Jie Wang, Yuelun Zhang, Ran Li, Hongbo Yang, Yuxing Zhao, Hanze Du, Xiao Zhai, Fengying Gong, Hui Pan, Huijuan Zhu, Weibo Xia
Summary: This study evaluated bone turnover markers and bone microarchitecture parameters in patients with active and controlled acromegaly. It found that controlled patients had slower bone turnover but did not necessarily have better bone microstructure compared to active patients. Overall, acromegaly adversely affected bone quality, even in controlled patients.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alessia Viero, Lucie Biehler-Gomez, Carmelo Messina, Annalisa Cappella, Konstantinos Giannoukos, Guido Viel, Franco Tagliaro, Cristina Cattaneo
Summary: Fracture dating is an important issue in forensic sciences, and this study investigated the potential of quantifiable micro-CT analysis for this purpose. By analyzing the bone samples of known post-traumatic ages, it was found that certain microarchitectural parameters of the bone trabeculae were correlated with the age of the callus, suggesting the potential usefulness of these parameters for fracture dating.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Lijun Deng, Xingdao He, Jian Zhang, Guodong Liu, Song Han, Yimin Lou, Lvming Zeng, Xuanrong Ji
Summary: In this study, an ultra-compact mu PAT system was developed for high-resolution imaging of the brain microvascular network, showing great potential for preclinical and clinical imaging applications.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Pierantoni, Isabella Silva Barreto, Malin Hammerman, Lissa Verhoeven, Elin Tornquist, Vladimir Novak, Rajmund Mokso, Pernilla Eliasson, Hanna Isaksson
Summary: Using phase-contrast enhanced synchrotron micro-tomography, researchers can capture the complex 3D organization of Achilles tendon microstructure despite the influence of various factors on image quality. The study suggests that traditional invasive sample preparations like fixation and embedding are not necessary for studying tendon collagen fibers. Instead, high-quality images capturing the complex 3D organization of tendon fibers can be obtained from fresh frozen samples in conditions close to natural.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Stefanie J. Bette, Franziska M. Braun, Mark Haerting, Josua A. Decker, Jan H. Luitjens, Christian Scheurig-Muenkler, Thomas J. Kroencke, Florian Schwarz
Summary: In this study comparing PCD-CT and EID-CT in mouse specimens, PCD-CT demonstrated lower image noise, higher SNR, and better edge sharpness compared to EID-CT. Radiologists consistently preferred PCD-CT for visualizing bone details, even in SNR-matched pairs.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martina Mambrini, Laura Mecozzi, Erica Ferrini, Ludovica Leo, Davide Bernardi, Grandi Andrea, Nicola Sverzellati, Livia Ruffini, Mario Silva, Franco Stellari
Summary: This study proposed a routine QC protocol for in vivo micro-CT based on commercial phantoms, and found significant differences in lung density parameters before and after scanner drift, highlighting the importance of the designed QC procedure for reliable longitudinal quantification of disease progression and drug efficacy evaluation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Taylor Flaherty, Maryam Tamaddon, Chaozong Liu
Summary: The study examined the impact of scaffolds with and without bone marrow concentrate on subchondral bone regeneration, finding that the composition and addition of BMC did not significantly affect bone regeneration in osteochondral defects after six months. However, the research provides data that may guide the development of future treatments.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Francesco Maria Achille Consoli, Yara Bernaldo de Quiros, Manuel Arbelo, Stefania Fulle, Marco Marchisio, Mario Encinoso, Antonio Fernandez, Miguel A. Rivero
Summary: Cetaceans are marine mammals that have evolved to adapt to life in the water. However, the characteristics of their bone tissue are still not well-studied. This study used computed tomography to measure the bone radiodensity of cetacean humerus and compared it between different species and within the same species. The results showed significant differences in bone density between different types of bone and different portions of the humerus. These differences were also observed between species with different diving and swimming habits. This technique can be used to compare and understand the unique adaptations of cetaceans in the aquatic ecosystem.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Garrett W. Melenka, Ali Gholami
Summary: Braided composites contain interwoven fibers embedded in a matrix material, requiring advanced measurement methods for accurate characterization. Micro-computed tomography (mu CT) was used for high-resolution imaging of braided composites, allowing identification and measurement of individual fibers within yarns. Through Avizo and XFiber analysis, properties such as fiber orientation angles and diameter were obtained, providing a roadmap for accurate modeling of braided composite unit cell geometries.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kun Li, Yucheng Ji, Jun Shi, Shaojie Zhang, Haoyu Song, Peng Wang, Chunying Ma, Yansong Zhang, Yexing Dang, Yuan Ma, Xing Wang, Zhijun Li
Summary: This study measured and analyzed the microstructures and morphometric parameters of the cervical facet using high-resolution 3D micro-computed tomography. It revealed that the cervical facet has complicated 3D microstructures and inhomogeneities, and correct identification and evaluation of its microstructure can help in the diagnosis of orthopedic disease and predict early phases of fracture risk.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Andre Sarmento-Cabral, Mercedes del Rio-Moreno, Mari C. Vazquez-Borrego, Mariyah Mahmood, Elena Gutierrez-Casado, Natalie Pelke, Grace Guzman, Papasani Subbaiah, Jose Cordoba-Chacon, Shoshana Yakar, Rhonda D. Kineman
Summary: The study found that knocking down GHR in adult hepatocytes leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, with no significant changes observed in female mice but with symptoms of steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, and inflammation present in male mice.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Manisha Dixit, Sher Bahadur Poudel, Shoshana Yakar
Summary: Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) play crucial roles in regulating body growth and skeletal acquisition, with their activity declining with age and leading to detrimental effects on the musculoskeletal system.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Sher Bahadur Poudel, Manisha Dixit, Gozde Yildirim, Jose Cordoba-Chacon, Manuel D. Gahete, Ikeno Yuji, Thorsten Kirsch, Rhonda D. Kineman, Shoshana Yakar
Summary: The study found that adult-onset isolated GH deficiency can lead to increased severity of OA and extended lifespan in female mice. However, high levels of lymphomas were observed in both sexes with AOiGHD. Additionally, males with AOiGHD showed increased cell senescence and significantly decreased health span.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Laris Achlaug, Lina Somri-Gannam, Shilhav Meisel-Sharon, Rive Sarfstein, Manisha Dixit, Shoshana Yakar, Mordechai Hallak, Zvi Laron, Haim Werner, Ilan Bruchim
Summary: This study evaluated the expression of ZYG11A in EOC patients and found reduced ZYG11A expression in high grade tumors, suggesting a potential tumor suppressor role. The study also identified an inverse correlation between ZYG11A and p53 levels in individual tumors. Further exploration of ZYG11A as a novel biomarker in EOC is warranted based on these findings.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Rand Shibel, Rive Sarfstein, Karthik Nagaraj, Lena Lapkina-Gendler, Zvi Laron, Manisha Dixit, Shoshana Yakar, Haim Werner
Summary: Endometrial cancer is commonly linked to the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) axis, while individuals with Laron syndrome (LS) are protected from cancer development due to IGF1 deficiency. The downregulation of OR5H2 gene in LS-derived cells suggests a potential role in endometrial cancer as a target for positive regulation by IGF1.
Article
Cell Biology
Manisha Dixit, Silvana Duran-Ortiz, Godze Yildirim, Sher Bahadur Poudel, Leeann D. Louis, Andrzej Bartke, Mitchell B. Schaffler, John J. Kopchick, Shoshana Yakar
Summary: The study investigated the effects of induced somatopause on skeletal integrity using an iGHRKO mouse model, finding that induced somatopause resulted in thinner bones and compromised bone strength. There were progressive declines in osteocyte lacunar number and increases in lacunar volume, along with reductions in canalicular connectivity. Despite compromised bone morphology, osteocyte senescence was reduced in iGHRKO mice. Overall, induced somatopause compromised bone morphology and the bone marrow environment in aging mice.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mark Slayton, Bijinu Balakrishnan, Abhishek Gupta, Scott Jobe, Ishika Puri, Savannah Neely, Yoshikazu Tamori, David W. Russ, Gozde Yildirim, Shoshana Yakar, Vishva M. Sharma, Vishwajeet Puri
Summary: This study identifies Fsp27 as a novel protein associated with muscle metabolism. The Fsp27-knockout model reveals that Fsp27 plays a role in muscular-fat storage, muscle endurance, and muscle strength, ultimately impacting limb movement. Additionally, the study suggests a potential metabolic paradox in which Fsp27-knockout mice, presumed to be metabolically healthy based on glucose utilization and oxidative metabolism, exhibit impaired exercise capacity and muscular performance.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paige V. Hinton, Katelyn J. Genoud, James O. Early, Fergal J. O'Brien, Oran D. Kennedy
Summary: Bone cells, including osteoblasts and chondrocytes, communicate with each other through interstitial fluid movement and fluid flow shear stresses. This study developed an in vitro bone-cartilage crosstalk system to examine the effect of fluid flow shear stresses on these cell types. The findings show that primary cells exhibit a more reliable and reproducible response to shear stresses, and different levels of shear stresses have varying effects on bone formation and degradation. Additionally, osteoblast-derived factors can induce catabolic changes in chondrocytes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Manisha Dixit, Leeann D. Louis, Jelena Basta-Pljakic, Gozde Yildirim, Sher-Bahadur Poudel, Fancy Kumararaja, Edward O. List, Silvana Ortiz Duran, John J. Kopchick, Ryan R. Ruff, Mitchell B. Schaffler, Shoshana Yakar
Summary: Excess in growth hormone levels can have different effects on bone depending on the gender. Male mice experience bone enlargement, marrow cavity expansion, and thin cortices, while female mice have smaller bone diameter but thicker cortices and better bone quality. Excess growth hormone also leads to increased bone remodeling. In conclusion, excess growth hormone results in sexually dimorphic changes in bone structure and mass.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Sher B. Poudel, Ryan R. Ruff, Gozde Yildirim, Manisha Dixit, Benoit Michot, Jennifer L. Gibbs, Silvana D. Ortiz, John J. Kopchick, Thorsten Kirsch, Shoshana Yakar
Summary: This study investigated the effects of long-term excess GH on the knee joint tissues. The results showed that excess GH leads to loss of articular cartilage, osteoporosis, synovitis, and chondrogenesis. The findings suggest that treatment of acromegalic arthropathy should involve inhibition of ectopic chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karl J. Lewis, James F. Boorman-Padgett, Macy Castaneda, David C. Spray, Mia M. Thi, Mitchell B. Schaffler
Summary: Bone tissue is highly sensitive to mechanical load magnitude, and osteocytes play a crucial role in mechanosensing. Various techniques, including histology, mathematical modeling, cell culture, and ex vivo bone organ cultures, have advanced our understanding of osteocyte mechanobiology. However, the molecular-level mechanisms of how osteocytes respond to and encode mechanical information in vivo are still unclear. Fluctuations in intracellular calcium concentration in osteocytes provide a valuable target for studying acute bone mechanotransduction mechanisms.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Gozde Yildirim, Edmara T. P. Bergamo, Sher Bahadur Poudel, Ryan R. R. Ruff, Manisha Dixit, Bin Hu, Dindo Q. Q. Mijares, Lukasz Witek, Carolyn Chlebek, David E. E. Harrison, Randy Strong, Richard A. A. Miller, Warren Ladiges, Timothy G. G. Bromage, Clifford J. J. Rosen, Shoshana Yakar
Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors like CANA can reduce blood glucose levels, but long-term use may increase the risk of osteoporosis and cortical fractures.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abigail A. Coffman, Jelena Basta-Pljakic, Rosa M. Guerra, Frank H. Ebetino, Mark W. Lundy, Robert J. Majeska, Mitchell B. Schaffler
Summary: Bisphosphonates are effective in treating osteoporosis but long-term use may have negative effects on bone health. BPs with low hydroxyapatite binding affinity may offer a reversible, antiresorptive alternative, which can quickly reverse their effects upon cessation of treatment, potentially maintaining bone health with long-term use.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lauren Battle, Shoshana Yakar, Alessandra Carriero
Summary: Currently, there is no cure for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and stem cell therapy shows promise in reducing fractures in mouse models of OI. However, the efficacy of the therapy is influenced by various factors and further research is needed to establish standardized assessment criteria.