Article
Environmental Sciences
Atya Kapley, Mohammed Shahique Sheeraz, Sushrut Kukade, Aamir Ansari, Asifa Qureshi, Abhay Bajaj, Noor Afshan Khan, Shalini Tandon, Rachana Jain, Swapnil Dudhwadkar, Shubhi Sharma, Archana Bharadwaj Siva
Summary: The surge of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) in the environment is poised to be the next health threat, with developing countries being at a greater risk due to untreated wastewater and poor sanitation. This study conducted surveillance of sewage-carrying drains in four urban cities in India, revealing the presence of ARBs in the bacterial community against multiple classes of antibiotics. The report emphasizes the importance of routine sewage surveillance by state authorities.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sandeep Prabhu, Shruti H. Mehta, Allison M. McFall, Aylur K. Srikrishnan, Canjeevaram K. Vasudevan, Gregory M. Lucas, David D. Celentano, Sunil S. Solomon
Summary: Geographic information systems (GIS) tools are valuable for understanding the spatial distribution of local HIV epidemics, as demonstrated in a case study of Hyderabad, India. Such data can aid in program planning and resource allocation for more effective implementation.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jerry John Nutor, Henry Ofori Duah, Precious Adade Duodu, Pascal Agbadi, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Ernest Darkwah
Summary: The study found that 13% of women and 6% of men in Ghana had tested for HIV in the past 12 months. Factors associated with a higher likelihood of HIV testing for women included age 15-39, being married, having post-secondary education, having only one sexual partner, and living in specific regions. For men, factors included age over 19, having post-secondary education, and living in the Upper East region compared to Greater Accra. The surface map also revealed differences in HIV testing estimates at the intra-regional level.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maartje Dijkstra, Henrieke Prins, Jan M. Prins, Peter Reiss, Charles Boucher, Annelies Verbon, Casper Rokx, Godelieve de Bree
Summary: The study focuses on individuals with early HIV infection who start combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with the aim of investigating the size of the viral reservoir and HIV-specific immune responses in preparation for future HIV cure trials.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Terefe Gelibo, Sileshi Lulseged, Frehywot Eshetu, Saro Abdella, Zenebe Melaku, Solape Ajiboye, Minilik Demissie, Chelsea Solmo, Jelaludin Ahmed, Yimam Getaneh, Susan C. Kaydos-Daniels, Ebba Abate
Summary: The design and evaluation of national HIV programs in Ethiopia often rely on aggregated national data, which may not accurately reflect localized HIV epidemics. This study identified geographic locations and drivers of HIV transmission to inform targeted prevention efforts for specific populations.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ana Lucia Espinosa Dice, Angela M. Bengtson, Kevin M. Mwenda, Christopher J. Colvin, Mark N. Lurie
Summary: This study investigates the geospatial characteristics and trends of clinic transfers among PLWH on ART in South Africa's Western Cape Province. The results show that clinic transfers are common and may cluster in urban areas, highlighting the need for improved integration of health information systems and HIV care.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marion Mora, Giovanna Rincon, Michel Bourrelly, Gwenaelle Maradan, Anaenza Freire Maresca, Florence Michard, Elisabeth Rouveix, Julie Pannetier, Diane Leriche, Tristan Alain, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, David Michels, Bruno Spire
Summary: Transgender identity faces low acceptance in France with scarce data available, leading to increased stigmatization and potential burden of HIV infection among TRHIV. ANRS Trans&HIV aims to identify vulnerabilities, obstacles in medical care, and gender affirmation/HIV care needs of TRHIV through a comprehensive national survey.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kennarey Seang, Keovathanak Khim, Kartavya Vyas, Dyna Khuon, Vonthanak Saphonn, Pamina Gorbach
Summary: This study examined medical injection/infusion behaviors among people living with HIV (PLWH) and those who were HIV negative in Cambodia. The results showed that both groups had similar rates of injection use in the past year, but PLWH had a higher proportion of receiving unsafe injections.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Li Wei Ang, Matthias Paul Han Sim Toh, Irving Charles Boudville, Chen Seong Wong, Sophia Archuleta, Vernon Lee, Angela Chow, Yee Sin Leo
Summary: The study found that nearly half of HIV-positive individuals had never been tested for HIV prior to diagnosis, with the most common reason being perceived lack of necessity. Those who had never been tested were more likely to be diagnosed at a late stage of HIV infection. Common risk factors associated with lack of previous HIV testing included older age, lower education level, diagnosis through medical care, and heterosexual transmission.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jake M. Pry, Chilambwe Mwila, Herbert Kapesa, Musunge Mulabe, Christiana Frimpong, Misinzo Moono, Theodora Savory, Carolyn Bolton-Moore, Michael E. Herce, Shilpa Iyer
Summary: This study aimed to estimate potential silent transfer among individuals new to HIV care in Lusaka, Zambia. The results showed that participants aged 40+ years and those with no formal education had a significantly higher prevalence of potential silent transfer. The high proportion of potential silent transfers indicates an opportunity to improve care continuity at the time of HIV care entry.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mikaela Mutru, Sanna Isosomppi, Inka Aho, Kirsi Liitsola, Henrikki Brummer-Korvenkontio, Jukka Ollgren, Oskari Luomala, Pia Kivela
Summary: The Finnish HIV Quality of Care Register (FINHIV) was created to estimate the number of people living with HIV in Finland, evaluate the use of antiretroviral medication and viral suppression, examine changes in the HIV epidemic, and evaluate the health of PLWH. The register includes all diagnosed and treated individuals since 1984 and currently consists of 4218 PLWH. Finland has achieved the UNAIDS targets for 2020, but there is an increasing proportion of late-stage HIV diagnoses.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stanley W. Wanjala, Moses K. Nyongesa, Paul Mwangi, Agnes M. Mutua, Stanley Luchters, Charles R. J. C. Newton, Amina Abubakar
Summary: This study examined HIV-related stigma among adults living with HIV on the Kenyan coast. The 12-item short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale showed high reliability and validity in measuring HIV stigma. The study found that being female, non-disclosure of HIV status, and co-occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms were significant predictors of HIV-related stigma.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jonathan Izudi, Damazo T. Kadengye
Summary: Comprehensive knowledge of HIV has no effect on extramarital sexual relationships but increases consistent condom use among those in extramarital sexual relationships, especially among married/cohabiting men.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mazvita Muchengeti, Lina Bartels, Victor Olago, Tafadzwa Dhokotera, Wenlong Carl Chen, Adrian Spoerri, Eliane Rohner, Lukas Butikofer, Yann Ruffieux, Elvira Singh, Matthias Egger, Julia Bohlius
Summary: The South African HIV Cancer Match (SAM) Study is a national cohort of people living with HIV, aiming to assess the spectrum and risk of cancer in PLWH to inform cancer prevention and control programmes in South Africa. The study includes over 5 million PLWH for the period 2004 to 2014, with a focus on enriching the research through record linkages with other laboratory data and socio-economic data to comprehensively study comorbidities among PLWH.
Review
Oncology
Mar Masia, Ana Gutierrez-Ortiz de la Tabla, Felix Gutierrez
Summary: Cancer is more prevalent and diagnosed at later stages in people with HIV, highlighting the need for personalized cancer screening strategies in HIV care settings.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Ankit Choudhary, Rahul Dev Garg, Sukhvir Singh Jain
Summary: Two-wheelers have become a standard transportation mode for short-distance travellers, especially in developing countries, but they also come with safety concerns, particularly at intersections. Research findings show that certain variables (such as age, gender, environmental conditions) increase the likelihood of fatal injuries, while other variables (such as crash date, intersection type) decrease the probability of fatal injuries.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRASHWORTHINESS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Neerav Sharma, Rahul Dev Garg
Summary: This research combines intelligent transportation systems and advanced driver-assistance systems with deep learning algorithms to achieve real-time detection of vehicles and pedestrians at a high frame rate with high precision. The work lays a foundation for future research on traffic analysis based on ADAS and deep learning.
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gopal Krishan, Mohit Kumar, M. Someshwar Rao, Rahul Garg, Brijesh Kumar Yadav, M. L. Kansal, Surjeet Singh, A. Bradley, Marian Muste, L. M. Sharma
Summary: Evaluation of groundwater quality and their controlling processes in Mewat district, Haryana was conducted using conventional hydrogeochemical analysis, ion ratio plots, and water quality index (WQI). The results showed that groundwater in Mewat is highly saline, with high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS). The dominant hydrochemical types of the groundwater were identified, and silicate weathering, evaporation, and cation exchange were found to control the composition. The water quality evaluation revealed that most of the groundwater in Mewat is not suitable for drinking purposes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kavach Mishra, Rahul Dev Garg
Summary: Rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, along with overpopulation, have caused significant changes in land cover/land use and surface temperature patterns in Dehradun. Satellite-based remote sensing is essential for monitoring these changes in order to ensure sustainable development. The study analyzed LU and ST dynamics in the Dehradun municipal area using Landsat-5 datasets from 1991-2008 and a Landsat-8 dataset from 2018. The results showed expansion of the urban region, decline in vegetation and increase in surface temperature, indicating the formation of urban heat island.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dyutisree Halder, Rahul Dev Garg, Alexander Fedotov
Summary: Recent global warming has caused heat transfer between land and ocean surface, resulting in massive ice sheet melting in polar regions and rising sea levels. Mid-latitudinal storms have pulled heat towards the poles, making coastal cities vulnerable. Rapid urbanization has led to increased land surface temperatures and urban flooding due to storm surges. This study analyzed coastal cities as the focal point of heat generation and found a correlation between urbanization and temperature variation.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Neerav Sharma, Rahul Dev Garg
Summary: The transportation system is affected by potholes and stray animals, leading to accidents and injuries. Implementing intelligent transportation systems can reduce accidents and improve safety. This research focuses on real-time alert warnings to prevent accidents caused by potholes and stray animals, using a computer vision algorithm and geospatial mapping.
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PART A-SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Neerav Sharma, Rahul D. Garg
Summary: This paper presents an approach to intelligent transportation systems (ITS) through the connected vehicle technology infrastructure. YOLO v4 real-time computer vision system is deployed on the GPU for efficient detection of vehicles, pedestrians and animals. A geospatial database is formed to map animal and pothole hotspot zones, and real-time IoT and cloud infrastructure applications are used for continuous vehicle monitoring and triggering. The proposed system ensures traffic safety and avoids congestion and accidents.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ashok K. Pritipadmaja, Rahul Dev Garg, Ashok K. Sharma
Summary: This study aims to assess the cooling effect of blue-green spaces in Bhubaneswar, India, and explores their implications for mitigating UHI effects. Satellite images processed with Google Earth Engine (GEE) revealed significant spatial variations in land surface temperatures (LST), with higher temperatures observed in built-up areas and lower temperatures in proximity to blue-green spaces. The study highlights the importance of leveraging remote sensing and GEE for urban UHI analyses.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mayank Sharma, Rahul Dev Garg
Summary: This study extracts buildings automatically from UAV-acquired point cloud data using the geometric features obtainable from the data and the normalized DSM (nDSM). The classification of the point cloud data is done using the Random Forest algorithm, followed by K-means clustering to segregate different building clusters. The accuracy of the extracted shapes is assessed by comparing them to reference building polygons generated through total station survey.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Suraj Sawant, Rahul Dev Garg, Vishal Meshram, Shrayank Mistry
Summary: Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classification plays a pivotal role in sustainable environment and natural resource management. Deep learning techniques, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have shown superior performance in LULC classification compared to traditional methods. The Sen-2 LULC Dataset, derived from Sentinel2 satellite imagery, provides high-quality data for advancing LULC classification and fostering collaboration between remote sensing and computer vision communities.
Proceedings Paper
Remote Sensing
Kavach Mishra, Rahul Dev Garg
Summary: Single-frame super-resolution (SFSR) is an important research topic in inverse imaging, especially in the field of hyperspectral remote sensing. The lack of high-resolution benchmark datasets limits the application of these algorithms to real-world scenes captured by hyperspectral sensors. This study successfully generated 15m spatial resolution datasets from a 30m spatial resolution Hyperion dataset using two classic SFSR algorithms: iterative back projection (IBP) and sparse representation (VSR). Visual inspection and image quality metrics confirm the successful preservation of spectral and spatial content by VSR, although it has a longer processing time compared to IBP.
2022 12TH WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING (WHISPERS)
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Sunil Kumar Pundir, Rahul Dev Garg
Summary: The accuracy of terrain information is highly valuable for decision makers. This paper discusses the current state of off-road trafficability, measurement instruments, and mapping techniques. The study calculates the Remolding Cone Index (RCI) and analyzes the difference between observation values and computed values to assess accuracy. A modified equation is developed to accurately compute RCI and evaluate off-road trafficability in other areas.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE ADVANCES
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Geography, Physical
Prateek Tripathi, Rahul Dev Garg
Summary: SHERLOC is an instrument on the Perseverance rover's robotic arm that focuses on searching for spectral signatures of hydrous environments and past microbial life. Analysis of Raman spectra and images revealed fluorescence signatures and Raman peaks similar to amorphous silicates.
XXIV ISPRS CONGRESS: IMAGING TODAY, FORESEEING TOMORROW, COMMISSION III
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Geography, Physical
Prateek Tripathi, Rahul Dev Garg
Summary: Hyperspectral remote sensing has the potential to characterize any surface by utilizing detailed spectral information. This study utilized the latest DESIS hyperspectral data to identify the surface geology and changes in the Ramgarh astrobleme in India, and proposed the Vegetation Response Removal (EVRR) thresholding model to remove the effect of vegetation.
1ST DESIS USER WORKSHOP - IMAGING SPECTROMETER SPACE MISSION, CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION, APPLICATIONS, METHODS
(2022)
Article
Remote Sensing
Kavach Mishra, R. D. Garg
Summary: This study focuses on single-frame super-resolution (SFSR) for real-world hyperspectral images and proposes a method for comparing and validating the super-resolved outputs. The results suggest that the reconstruction and hybrid-based algorithms outperform the learning-based algorithms in producing enhanced spatial and spectral fidelity outputs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
