Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Morgane Dubied, Sophie Montuire, Nicolas Navarro
Summary: Postnatal growth in mammals is crucial for acquiring adult shape. The mandible undergoes changes in response to functional constraints, leading to bone formation and remodelling to accommodate dietary and behavioural changes. Interactions between bone, muscles, and teeth drive developmental plasticity, resulting in convergences in ontogenies and adult shape variations.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Ming-Tzu Tsai, Heng-Li Huang, Shih-Guang Yang, Kuo-Chih Su, Lih-Jyh Fuh, Jui-Ting Hsu
Summary: The study investigated four common occlusal modes using the finite element method and analyzed the biomechanics of the periodontal ligament and surrounding bone when orthodontic force is applied. Results showed that occlusal mode strongly influenced von Mises strain in the canine periodontal ligaments, but had smaller effects on strain distribution in cortical bone, cancellous bone, and miniscrews.
CLINICAL ORAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biology
A. H. van Heteren, S. Wroe, L. R. Tsang, D. R. Mitchell, P. Ross, J. A. Ledogar, M. R. G. Attard, D. Sustaita, P. Clausen, R. P. Scofield, G. Sansalone
Summary: By comparing the shape and biomechanical performance of Haast's eagle with five extant scavenging and predatory birds, it was found that the neurocranium of Haast's eagle is vulture-like, the beak is eagle-like, and the talons are similar to eagles, with high load-bearing capacity. The results suggest that Haast's eagle may have habitually hunted prey larger than itself and utilized feeding methods similar to vultures.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robyn A. Grant, Luca Taraborrelli, Tom Allen
Summary: This study quantified the changes in tennis racket shape over time by conducting a two-dimensional morphometric analysis on 514 rackets dating from 1874 to 2017. The results showed that head width and length were strongly correlated to Principal Component 1, which accounted for 87% of the variation in racket shape. Principal Component 1 was also correlated to the Polar and Transverse moments of inertia. Racket age and material had a small to medium effect on Principal Component 1. Mean racket shapes were generated for different material and age groupings, providing insights into how these shape changes may have influenced performance and injury risk.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mathieu Boisville, Narimane Chatar, Olivier Lambert, Leonard Dewaele
Summary: The present study combines qualitative comparison and quantitative analysis of walrus mandibles to identify sexual dimorphism and demonstrate its statistical significance. The results show new morphological differences between males and females and suggest that mandibular morphology can be used to determine the sex of isolated mandibles. This study provides a starting point for further research on sexual dimorphism and inter- and intraspecific variation in fossil walrus mandibles.
Article
Polymer Science
Yuchen Liu, Ming Fang, Ruifeng Zhao, Hengyan Liu, Min Tian, Sheng Zhong, Shizhu Bai
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of periodontal splints made from different materials on stress distributions in compromised periodontal tissues and cement layers. Using a computer simulation of mastication, it was found that the use of splints effectively distributed loads and reduced stress. Splinting materials with low elastic moduli reduced stress concentration at the connectors, but increased tensile stress in the cement layer.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Torkan Gholamalizadeh, Sune Darkner, Peter Lempel Sondergaard, Kenny Erleben
Summary: This study investigates the force systems used for tooth position correction in orthodontic treatments by studying different types of tooth movements and the effect of couple force direction on the position of the center of rotation (CRot). Results show that similar patterns can be obtained for CRot positions of different patients and teeth under the same load conditions, but changes in force and couple directions can cause misalignment of CRot trajectories.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Radu-Andrei Moga, Stefan Marius Buru, Cosmin Gruia Chiorean
Summary: This research aimed to assess the stress in the periodontal ligament during gradual periodontal breakdown under orthodontic movements, and analyze the correlations between applied forces, bone loss, force magnitude, and stress increase. The study found that rotation and translation induced the highest stress, while intrusion determined the lowest. A force of 1.2 N seemed safe in intact periodontium, while forces higher than 0.6 N could endanger the reduced periodontium.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Cristina Bucchi, Massimo Del Fabbro, Jordi Marce-Nogue
Summary: This study utilized finite element analysis to investigate the stress distribution in tooth structures under orthodontic loads, finding that mature teeth with dentine or cementum reinforcement have reduced stress values in the periodontal ligament, indicating safe orthodontic treatment. Further in vivo studies will be important to validate these findings.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jianlei Wu, Yunfeng Liu, Boxiu Li, Xingtao Dong
Summary: This study successfully developed a constitutive model for human periodontal ligament (PDL) by combining hyperelastic and viscosity models, and validated it through finite element analysis (FEA). The results showed good agreement between simulative and experimental data, providing valuable insights for orthodontists to understand the biomechanical characteristics of PDL.
COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mahmoud Katta, Stelian-Mihai-Sever Petrescu, Lucian Paul Dragomir, Mihai Raul Popescu, Ruxandra Voinea Georgescu, Mihaela Jana Tculina, Dragos Laurenbiu Popa, Alina Duba, Oana Andreea Diaconu, Ionela Teodora Dascalu
Summary: The finite element method is used to simulate the behavior of a real orthodontic system subjected to different systems of loads. The InVesalius program is used to transform CBCT images into 3D structures, which are then analyzed using Geomagic software. The resulting 3D model is loaded into CAD programs and additional components like brackets and wires are added. The simulation using FEM is performed to determine the behavior of the orthodontic system under different forces, and the results show displacement, strain, and stress diagrams.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Gustavo Hauber Gameiro, Jorge Eugenio Bocchiardo, Michel Dalstra, Paolo Maria Cattaneo
Summary: The orthodontic correction of periodontally compromised dentitions poses a significant challenge in adult orthodontic practice, requiring carefully designed mechanical plans. Tooth displacements and periodontal ligament strains are higher in compromised dentitions, indicating a need to reduce force levels and customize force application points based on the degree of alveolar bone loss.
ORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Paolo M. Cattaneo, Marie A. Cornelis
Summary: Finite element (FE) analysis shows great potential in studying orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), helping to understand the impact of alveolar complexity and material properties, and predicting the risk of root resorption related to specific force systems and magnitudes. Recent findings challenge the simplified view of traditional OTM theories.
CURRENT OSTEOPOROSIS REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jingxiao Zhong, Yo Shibata, Chi Wu, Chie Watanabe, Junning Chen, Keke Zheng, Jingrui Hu, Michael V. Swain, Qing Li
Summary: The bone-periodontal ligament-tooth complex plays a crucial role in regulating bony homeostasis in response to external loadings. This study proposes a framework combining bioengineering techniques to investigate the non-uniformity of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in transmitting mechanical stimuli. By measuring the mechanical properties of the PDL and using deep learning and image-based modeling, the study reveals that the innate microstructure of the PDL ensures the transduction of favorable mechanobiological stimuli.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Narimane Chatar, Valentin Fischer, Gema Siliceo, Mauricio Anton, Jorge Morales, Manuel J. Salesa
Summary: The study focused on the evolution of sabertoothed felids, particularly the early machairodontines found in Batallones localities in Spain. By analyzing 62 felid mandibles in 3D and applying geometric and linear morphometrics, researchers discovered that there were no significant changes in mandible shape between different sites. The findings also revealed a rapid shift in mandibular shape between primitive and derived members of the clade, indicating overlooked diversity in felid mandibular condyles.
JOURNAL OF MAMMALIAN EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Anthropology
Myra F. Laird, Callum F. Ross, Paul O'Higgins
JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION
(2020)
Article
Anthropology
Antonio Profico, Luca Bondioli, Pasquale Raia, Paul O'Higgins, Damiano Marchi
Summary: This study introduces a new R package, morphomap, for extracting shape information, building cortical thickness maps, and calculating biomechanical parameters on long bones. It greatly facilitates rapid analysis of long bone form, proving to be a valuable addition to historical analysis software for osteology.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alessandro Mondanaro, Marina Melchionna, Mirko Di Febbraro, Silvia Castiglione, Philip B. Holden, Neil R. Edwards, Francesco Carotenuto, Luigi Maiorano, Maria Modafferi, Carmela Serio, Jose A. F. Diniz-Filho, Thiago Rangel, Lorenzo Rook, Paul O'Higgins, Penny Spikins, Antonio Profico, Pasquale Raia
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Olivia A. M. Smith, Youssef S. G. Nashed, Christian Duncan, Nick Pears, Antonio Profico, Paul O'Higgins
Summary: The study developed a statistical model to compare craniofacial ontogeny between different age groups and sexes. Results showed that children aged 3-10 undergo greater changes than adolescents aged 11-20, and males extend growth allometrically into larger size ranges. While no significant differences were found in ontogenetic trajectories between sexes, there was a significant residual sexual dimorphism in the older age group.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Olivia A. M. Smith, Christian Duncan, Nick Pears, Antonio Profico, Paul O'Higgins
Summary: This study developed statistical models of craniofacial aging to compare the aging process between males and females throughout adulthood. It found significant differences in the way males and females age, as well as in the characteristics, timing, and rates of aging between early and later phases of adulthood. Further research is needed to assess generalizability and provide better data for clinical assessment and treatment planning.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Hugo Dutel, Flora Groning, Alana C. Sharp, Peter J. Watson, Anthony Herrel, Callum F. Ross, Marc E. H. Jones, Susan E. Evans, Michael J. Fagan
Summary: Cranial morphology in lepidosaurs varies greatly with frequent loss or reduction of bony elements, but the mechanical principles underlying these variations remain poorly understood. Through computer-based simulation, it was found that despite differences in strain gradients, the overall strain magnitude and distribution across the cranium were similar in two large, active foragers, highlighting the importance of the postorbital bar in resistance to feeding loads. The reduction of the postorbital bar did not impair biting performance or structural resistance to feeding loads in Varanus niloticus.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Laura Perez-Pachon, Parivrudh Sharma, Helena Brech, Jenny Gregory, Terry Lowe, Matthieu Poyade, Flora Groning
Summary: The study investigated the accuracy of holographic headsets in registering virtual models with real-world features based on the position and size of image markers. Results showed that certain image marker positions and smaller markers led to larger errors in perceived dimensions of virtual models, while larger markers resulted in smaller errors. Approximately 70.7% of cases had errors of <= 2 degrees, and approximately 76% had errors of <= 2 mm.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Federica Landi, James Barraclough, Andrej Evteev, Anatoliy Anikin, Leonid Satanin, Paul O'Higgins
Summary: This study found that the nasal and subnasal regions make significant contributions to facial development in children during early ontogeny, with the nasal septum and developing dentition playing crucial roles. Additionally, while soft tissues have local contributions to the development of certain skeletal elements, they have a less pronounced effect on facial height compared to skeletal components.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter J. Watson, Alana C. Sharp, Tarun Choudhary, Michael J. Fagan, Hugo Dutel, Susan E. Evans, Flora Groning
Summary: The study used computational methods to analyze the biomechanics of rabbit cranium during mastication, showing that most of the cranium, including the unique fenestrated rostrum, transmits masticatory strains. Peak strains were found to be attributed to both incisor and molar biting, indicating a skull shape adapted for a combination of infrequent incisor bites and cyclic molar bites. However, certain regions experienced low peak strain, suggesting they are not designed to resist masticatory forces.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Antonio Profico, Carlotta Zeppilli, Ileana Micarelli, Alessandro Mondanaro, Pasquale Raia, Damiano Marchi, Giorgio Manzi, Paul O'Higgins
Summary: In biological anthropology, parameters related to cross-sectional geometry are calculated to evaluate the degree of lateralization in paired long bones. Both males and females exhibit right lateralization, with males showing higher lateralization than females. Occupation and loading history do not show significant association with lateralization. Body weight, height, and long-bone length are major factors in asymmetry in the humerus, with the degree of lateralization decreasing in older individuals.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Christopher Lyon, Erin E. Saupe, Christopher J. Smith, Daniel J. Hill, Andrew P. Beckerman, Lindsay C. Stringer, Robert Marchant, James McKay, Ariane Burke, Paul O'Higgins, Alexander M. Dunhill, Bethany J. Allen, Julien Riel-Salvatore, Tracy Aze
Summary: Anthropogenic activity is altering Earth's climate and ecosystems in ways that could be dangerous and disruptive to humans. The rise in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere is projected to have lasting effects beyond 2100. This calls for a need to focus on long-term planning and policy measures to address the impacts of climate change.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Alana C. Sharp, Hugo Dutel, Peter J. Watson, Flora Groning, Nick Crumpton, Michael J. Fagan, Susan E. Evans
Summary: Cranial sutures are fibrocellular joints between skull bones that are gradually replaced with bone, facilitating growth and cranial shape change. Our study used computational biomechanical methods to simulate biting in a rat skull and found that the presence of cranial sutures did not significantly alter overall strain gradients across the cranium, but did affect local variations in strain magnitudes and patterns near the sutures. This suggests that the importance of sutures differs in different regions and should be considered in models requiring accurate local strain magnitudes and patterns.
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Wuyang Shui, Antonio Profico, Paul O'Higgins
Summary: This study extends previous research on the effects of different approaches to locating semilandmarks on the estimates of average shape and shape variation. The findings suggest that these different approaches can yield different estimates of surface shapes. The study highlights the importance of considering the particular study context and aims when choosing semilandmarking approaches.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Costantino Buzi, Antonio Profico, Ce Liang, Roman H. Khonsari, Paul O'Higgins, Mehran Moazen, Katerina Harvati
Summary: The use of non-destructive approaches such as computerised tomography (CT) allows detailed study of internal structures of skeletal material. We introduce a new R-based software tool, Icex, for the study of skeletal cavities and fossae in 3D digital images. Icex enables rapid quantification of these structures.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Anatomy & Morphology
Flora Groning, Laura Perez-Pachon, Sofia Aliotta, Caroline Collas, Anastassia Fertikova, Norman Koos, Ronja Struck, Neil Curtis, Rebecca Crozier
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Nathan D. Camarillo, Rafael Jimenez-Silva, Frances T. Sheehan
Summary: This article discusses the statistical dependence between multiple measurements from the same participant and provides recommendations for using these measurements when they are not independent.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
J. Huet, A. -S. Boureau, A. Sarcher, C. Cornu, A. Nordez
Summary: Standard compression in freehand 3D ultrasound induces a bias in volume calculations, but minimal compression and gel pad methods have similar results. With a trained examiner and precautions, the bias can be minimized and become acceptable in clinical applications.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
C. Lariviere, A. H. Eskandari, H. Mecheri, F. Ghezelbash, D. Gagnon, A. Shirazi-Adl
Summary: Recent developments in musculoskeletal modeling have focused on model customization. Personalization of the spine profile may affect estimates of spinal loading and stability. This study investigates the biomechanical consequences of changes in the spinal profile and finds that personalizing the spine profile has medium to large effects on trunk muscle forces and negligible to small effects on spinal loading and stability.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Luke T. Mattar, Arash B. Mahboobin, Adam J. Popchak, William J. Anderst, Volker Musahl, James J. Irrgang, Richard E. Debski
Summary: Exercise therapy fails in about 25.0% of cases for individuals with rotator cuff tears, and one reason for this failure may be the inability to strengthen and balance the muscle forces that keep the humeral head in the correct position. This study developed computational musculoskeletal models to compare the net muscle force before and after exercise therapy between successfully and unsuccessfully treated patients. The study found that unsuccessfully treated patients had less inferiorly oriented net muscle forces, which may increase the risk of impingement.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Natsuki Sado, Takeshi Edagawa, Toshihide Fujimori, Shogo Hashimoto, Yoshikazu Okamoto, Takahito Nakajima
Summary: The existing methods for predicting hip and lumbosacral joint centres in Japanese adults are biased and differ between sexes. We propose new regression equations that consider soft-tissue thickness, sex differences, and a height-directional measure, and validate them using leave-one-out cross-validation.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Peimin Yu, Xuanzhen Cen, Qichang Mei, Alan Wang, Yaodong Gu, Justin Fernandez
Summary: This study aimed to explore the intra-foot biomechanical differences among individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI), copers, and healthy individuals during dynamic tasks. The study found that copers and CAI individuals had smaller dorsiflexion angles and copers presented a more eversion position compared to healthy participants. Copers also had greater dorsiflexion angles in the metatarsophalangeal joint and more inversion moments in the subtalar joint during certain tasks. These findings can help in designing interventions to restore ankle joint functions in CAI individuals.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Jon Skovgaard Jensen, Anders Holsgaard-Larsen, Anders Stengaard Sorensen, Per Aagaard, Jens Bojsen-Moller
Summary: This study investigates the biomechanical effects of robot-assisted body weight unloading (BWU) on gait patterns in healthy young adults. The results show that dynamic robot-assisted BWU enables reduced kinetic requirements without distorting biomechanically normal gait patterns during overground walking.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)