Article
Agricultural Engineering
Meir Teitel, Shay Ozer, Vered Mendelovich
Summary: This study presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of airflow, temperature, and humidity patterns in an insect-proof screenhouse. The results showed significant differences in airflow in the upper region of the screenhouse, with large-scale rotating airflow formed in the center. The leeward section was found to be warmer and have a lower humidity ratio compared to the windward section.
BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Mechanics
Mori Mani, Andrew J. Dorgan
Summary: In this review, the increasing use of computational fluid dynamics in the aerospace industry for designing and studying aircraft is discussed. The importance of geometry, turbulence models, numerical algorithms, mesh adaptation, and design optimization is highlighted. Challenges and suggestions for investment in each area are provided. The review concludes by envisioning a future where certification by analysis and model-based design are standard practices, and emphasizing the necessary steps to lead the industry in that direction.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Thomas P. John, Claudio P. Fonte, Adam Kowalski, Thomas L. Rodgers
Summary: In this study, an angular momentum balance combined with computational fluid dynamics was used to correlate the power, flow, and mixer geometry of down-pumping pitched blade turbine geometries. The models developed from the results allow the prediction of power from flow (or vice versa) for different geometries, and it was found that the choice of measurement method can affect the relationship between power, flow, and impeller geometry.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kirill Mikhaylov, Stelios Rigopoulos, George Papadakis
Summary: The study combines reduced order modeling and system identification to reconstruct the temporal evolution of large-scale vortical structures behind the blades of a Rushton impeller. The results demonstrate that even using the velocity time signal from a single sensor point, the first pair of modes can be reconstructed well. Increasing the number of sensor points improves accuracy and stability, leading to better reconstruction of the second pair of POD modes. The estimator derived at Reynolds number 600 shows robustness when applied to flows at Reynolds numbers 500 and 700.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hayder A. Alhameedi, Joseph D. Smith, Paul Ani, Tanner Powley
Summary: In this study, a new air-assisted flare tip was designed to enhance waste gas mixing energy and improve flare performance. Tests showed high combustion efficiency and significant soot formation suppression, indicating the effectiveness of the new flare tip design.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Avishka Wickramarachchi, Mehrdad Khamooshi, Aidan Burrell, Vincent A. Pellegrino, David M. Kaye, Shaun D. Gregory
Summary: This study investigated the impact of tip position of single-stage (SS) and multi-stage (MS) venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) drainage cannulae on the risk of thrombosis. Computational fluid dynamics was used to model flow dynamics, and several factors were measured to assess the risk of thrombosis. The results showed that the tip position of the drainage cannula had a significant impact on thrombosis risk.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Ocean
Jie Chen, Min Zhu, Rikui Zhang, Jingyin Li
Summary: The transient launching process of a torpedo in a deep-sea simulator is a complex problem, involving fluid-solid coupling, projectile movement, and gap flow. This study improves the accuracy of computation results by considering the complete inner structure of the launching channel and using advanced mesh update methods. The acoustic computations based on the simulated flow field provide insights into the acoustic characteristics of launching noise.
APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Victor Jorge de Oliveira Marum, Livia Bueno Reis, Felipe Silva Maffei, Shahin Ranjbarzadeh, Ivan Korkischko, Rafael dos Santos Gioria, Julio Romano Meneghini
Summary: A quasi-1D mathematical model coupled with CFD simulations of a water ejector was presented, which was used to calculate friction loss coefficients, predict efficiency, and determine operational envelope. The CFD approach was validated with experimental data, showing that the k-omega SST turbulence model is the most suitable for capturing ejector flow characteristics under different operational conditions.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xuegao Wang, Jun Hu, Shuai Ma
Summary: This study employed Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) based data assimilation to optimize the model constants in body-force model (BFM). The assimilation method incorporated disparate data sources to improve the prediction accuracy. The results showed the effectiveness of the disparate data assimilation and the rationality of the optimized constants.
JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Feng Wang, Luca di Mare
Summary: This paper proposes a nonlinear harmonic method to simulate the unsteady interactions among multispool turbomachinery components. The method shows good performance in simulating the transfer of hot streaks and requires significantly less computational time compared to conventional methods.
JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Stefano Oliani, Riccardo Friso, Nicola Casari, Michele Pinelli, Alessio Suman, Mauro Carnevale
Summary: Numerical simulations of particle-laden flows have gained increasing attention in recent years for their broad industrial applications. This article presents an open-source extension for Lagrangian simulations in multistage rotating machines, discussing the implementation and algorithmic features, and showcasing the capabilities of the numerical code in real-life applications.
JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Lei Pan, Mingyang Yang, Shota Murae, Wataru Sato, Naoto Shimohara, Akihiro Yamagata
Summary: This paper investigates the aerodynamic interaction in a nozzleless radial turbine and presents experimentally validated results obtained through numerical simulations. The study reveals that the interaction between the blade and the wake induced by the volute tongue leads to strong pressure fluctuations and disturbances in the low pressure ratio region. Additionally, the time-space contour plots of pressure difference offer valuable insights into the evolution of vortices in the rotor passage.
JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Elias M. Siggeirsson, Niklas Andersson, Markus Burak Olander
Summary: A series of computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted to analyze the impact of rotor off-take bleed on the performance of an intermediate compressor duct. The results were validated against experimental measurements and a hybrid RANS/LES simulation was used to gain a deeper understanding of flow physics. It was found that extracting a large amount of air through the bleed pipe severely compromised the performance of the ICD and led to disturbed flow with unfavorable velocity profiles.
JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Michael Bergmann, Christian Morsbach, Graham Ashcroft, Edmund Kuegeler
Summary: This paper systematically analyzes two sources of uncertainty in scale-resolving simulations and proposes statistical methods to either remove or quantify these sources of uncertainty. First, the Marginal Standard Error Rule is used to detect the end of the initial transient and guidelines on handling spatially varying initial transients are formulated. Then, the statistical error is estimated considering correlations in the time series and the resulting confidence intervals are validated using cumulative and simple moving averages. The influence of periodic content from large scale vortex shedding on the error estimation is also studied. Based on the confidence intervals, the required averaging interval to reduce the statistical uncertainty to a specific level is indicated for each considered quantity.
JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Cyril Polacsek, Majd Daroukh, Benjamin Francois, Raphael Barrier
Summary: This paper presents the broadband noise predictions of a turbofan stage based on a hybrid method. The numerical approach relies on a Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation strategy and is combined with acoustic analysis. The results show good agreement with experimental data and a clear improvement compared to traditional methods.
JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Perrine Canivet, Colin Desir, Marie Thys, Monique Henket, Anne-Noelle Frix, Benoit Ernst, Sean Walsh, Mariaelena Occhipinti, Wim Vos, Nathalie Maes, Jean Luc Canivet, Renaud Louis, Paul Meunier, Julien Guiot
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, chest scans were used to diagnose and evaluate the extent of lesions, as well as to identify non-COVID-19-related chest pathologies. These pathologies were often missed by automated systems and required radiologists to identify them on chest CT scans. The detection of these non-COVID-19 lesions had a significant impact on the length of hospital stay and outcomes.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Evelien Van Dijck, Sigri Beckers, Sara Diels, Tammy Huybrechts, An Verrijken, Kim Van Hoorenbeeck, Stijn Verhulst, Guy Massa, Luc Van Gaal, Wim Van Hul
Summary: Recent research suggests that heterozygous PCSK1 variants may increase the risk of obesity. However, in this specific study, a rare variant was found to have no significant association with obesity. Furthermore, the role of PCSK1 variants in obesity remains inconclusive.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Thijs van der Zijden, Annelies Mondelaers, Caroline Loos, Maurits Voormolen, Caro Franck, Maarten Niekel, Thomas Jardinet, Thomas Van Thielen, Olivier d'Archambeau, Tomas Menovsky, Paul. M. Parizel
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the use of FD-CT technology to measure cerebral blood volume in acute ischemic stroke patients, and found that it was unable to differentiate irreversibly infarcted tissue from potentially salvageable brain tissue.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David Youens, Jenny Doust, Ninh Thi Ha, Peter O'Leary, Cameron Wright, Paul M. Parizel, Rachael Moorin
Summary: This study assessed trends in CTPA use and diagnostic yield, as well as trends in PE hospitalizations and mortality. The results showed an increase in CTPA use from 2003 to 2015, but a decrease in diagnostic yield. PE hospitalizations increased, but mortality remained constant.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Steven Jillings, Ekaterina Pechenkova, Elena Tomilovskaya, Ilya Rukavishnikov, Ben Jeurissen, Angelique Van Ombergen, Inna Nosikova, Alena Rumshiskaya, Liudmila Litvinova, Jitka Annen, Chloe De Laet, Catho Schoenmaekers, Jan Sijbers, Victor Petrovichev, Stefan Sunaert, Paul M. Parizel, Valentin Sinitsyn, Peter zu Eulenburg, Steven Laureys, Athena Demertzi, Floris L. Wuyts
Summary: This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the impact of prolonged microgravity on the human brain. The results showed changes in brain functional connectivity, providing insights into the adaptations and modifications occurring during spaceflight and upon return to Earth.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
A. Khan, M. Khunte, X. Wu, S. Bajaj, S. Payabvash, M. Wintermark, C. Matouk, D. J. Seidenwurm, D. Gandhi, P. Parizel, J. Mezrich, A. Malhotra
Summary: The purpose of this article is to review medical malpractice lawsuits related to the diagnosis and management of intracranial aneurysms. The study found that failure to diagnose aneurysms in the clinical setting is more commonly associated with malpractice litigation compared to incorrect interpretation of imaging by radiologists.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Ninh T. Ha, Mark Harris, Max Bulsara, Jenny Doust, Sviatlana Kamarova, Donald McRobbie, Peter O'Leary, Paul M. Parizel, John Slavotinek, Cameron Wright, David Youens, Rachael Moorin
Summary: This study aims to identify latent patterns of CT use over a 3-year period following injury and factors predicting these patterns. A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in individuals presenting to emergency departments with new injury. The study found three patterns of CT use and identified associated factors. These findings can inform targeted interventions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND EMERGENCY SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Carlo A. Mallio, Alexander Radbruch, Katerina Deike-Hofmann, Aart J. van der Molen, Ilona A. Dekkers, Greg Zaharchuk, Paul M. Parizel, Bruno Beomonte Zobel, Carlo C. Quattrocchi
Summary: Brain and cardiac MRIs are important noninvasive imaging tools that can provide clinical information. Artificial intelligence has been explored as a method to synthesize virtual contrast MR images without the need for gadolinium-based contrast agents. Further research is needed to make these AI solutions feasible and reliable.
INVESTIGATIVE RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Paul M. Parizel, Carlo Augusto Mallio
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Giles Kisby, James H. Seow, Greg van Schie, Constantine C. Phatouros, Kay-Vin Lam, Tracey Muir, Sally Burrows, Paul M. Parizel
Summary: The shortage of iodine-based contrast media had a significant impact on healthcare delivery in Western Australia. The study found a sharp decrease in the number of CT scans and no valid alternative for certain diagnostic examinations. It highlights the vulnerability of the international supply chain and the need for healthcare systems to prepare for similar crises.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Francois Cousin, Thomas Louis, Sophie Dheur, Frank Aboubakar, Benoit Ghaye, Mariaelena Occhipinti, Wim Vos, Fabio Bottari, Astrid Paulus, Anne Sibille, Frederique Vaillant, Bernard Duysinx, Julien Guiot, Roland Hustinx
Summary: The aim of this retrospective multi-centric study was to determine the potential role of CT-based radiomics machine learning models in predicting treatment response and survival in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The results showed that the CT-based delta-radiomics signature could early identify patients who presented a clinical benefit at 6 months, with an AUC of 0.8 (95% CI: 0.65-0.95) on an external test dataset.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
S. M. Romanella, L. Mencarelli, K. Seyedmadani, S. Jillings, E. Tomilovskaya, I. Rukavishnikov, G. Sprugnoli, S. Rossi, F. L. Wuyts, E. Santarnecchi
Summary: As space exploration and colonization of Mars becomes a target for space agencies, researchers are investigating the impact of long-term space missions on the brain. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a non-invasive technique, scientists have studied changes in brain morphology after spaceflight and how to optimize TMS for space travel. The findings suggest that spaceflight-induced brain changes can affect the efficacy of TMS, and individualized solutions are proposed to enhance its effectiveness and precision for long-duration space missions.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Donna B. Taylor, Sally Burrows, Christobel M. Saunders, Paul M. Parizel, Angela Ives
Summary: Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) and MRI were compared for assessing disease extent in women with invasive breast cancer. The study found that MRI detected malignant lesions at a slightly higher rate than CEM, especially for occult foci of malignancy.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ian Kam, Constantine Phatouros, David Prentice, Lay K. K. Kho, Paul Parizel
Summary: This article reports four cases of chronic alcoholics experiencing clinical manifestations similar to 'hemiconvulsion, hemiatrophy and epilepsy' (HHE), a rare pediatric syndrome. These cases occurred after alcohol withdrawal in adults. The imaging findings during the acute and subacute phases are described, the underlying mechanisms are discussed, and a hypothesis regarding the pathophysiology is presented.
INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Carlo A. Mallio, Caterina Bernetti, Gennaro Castiello, Emma Gangemi, Valeria Tomarchio, Ombretta Annibali, Luigi Rigacci, Johan Van Goethem, Paul M. Parizel, Bruno Beomonte Zobel, Carlo C. Quattrocchi
Summary: Hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors encompass a diverse range of diseases, including lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and leukemias. These diseases have systemic involvement and can present with various clinical symptoms, including acute neurological deficits. Patients with hematologic malignancies are prone to developing acute conditions affecting the nervous system, which can be caused by tumor growth, abnormal coagulation status, or immune-related complications. Understanding the etiology and expected CNS imaging findings in these patients is essential for prompt and accurate diagnosis as well as guiding treatment decisions. In this manuscript, we review the CT and MRI findings related to the disease itself and/or its treatments.
QUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Nathan D. Camarillo, Rafael Jimenez-Silva, Frances T. Sheehan
Summary: This article discusses the statistical dependence between multiple measurements from the same participant and provides recommendations for using these measurements when they are not independent.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
J. Huet, A. -S. Boureau, A. Sarcher, C. Cornu, A. Nordez
Summary: Standard compression in freehand 3D ultrasound induces a bias in volume calculations, but minimal compression and gel pad methods have similar results. With a trained examiner and precautions, the bias can be minimized and become acceptable in clinical applications.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
C. Lariviere, A. H. Eskandari, H. Mecheri, F. Ghezelbash, D. Gagnon, A. Shirazi-Adl
Summary: Recent developments in musculoskeletal modeling have focused on model customization. Personalization of the spine profile may affect estimates of spinal loading and stability. This study investigates the biomechanical consequences of changes in the spinal profile and finds that personalizing the spine profile has medium to large effects on trunk muscle forces and negligible to small effects on spinal loading and stability.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Luke T. Mattar, Arash B. Mahboobin, Adam J. Popchak, William J. Anderst, Volker Musahl, James J. Irrgang, Richard E. Debski
Summary: Exercise therapy fails in about 25.0% of cases for individuals with rotator cuff tears, and one reason for this failure may be the inability to strengthen and balance the muscle forces that keep the humeral head in the correct position. This study developed computational musculoskeletal models to compare the net muscle force before and after exercise therapy between successfully and unsuccessfully treated patients. The study found that unsuccessfully treated patients had less inferiorly oriented net muscle forces, which may increase the risk of impingement.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Natsuki Sado, Takeshi Edagawa, Toshihide Fujimori, Shogo Hashimoto, Yoshikazu Okamoto, Takahito Nakajima
Summary: The existing methods for predicting hip and lumbosacral joint centres in Japanese adults are biased and differ between sexes. We propose new regression equations that consider soft-tissue thickness, sex differences, and a height-directional measure, and validate them using leave-one-out cross-validation.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Peimin Yu, Xuanzhen Cen, Qichang Mei, Alan Wang, Yaodong Gu, Justin Fernandez
Summary: This study aimed to explore the intra-foot biomechanical differences among individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI), copers, and healthy individuals during dynamic tasks. The study found that copers and CAI individuals had smaller dorsiflexion angles and copers presented a more eversion position compared to healthy participants. Copers also had greater dorsiflexion angles in the metatarsophalangeal joint and more inversion moments in the subtalar joint during certain tasks. These findings can help in designing interventions to restore ankle joint functions in CAI individuals.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Jon Skovgaard Jensen, Anders Holsgaard-Larsen, Anders Stengaard Sorensen, Per Aagaard, Jens Bojsen-Moller
Summary: This study investigates the biomechanical effects of robot-assisted body weight unloading (BWU) on gait patterns in healthy young adults. The results show that dynamic robot-assisted BWU enables reduced kinetic requirements without distorting biomechanically normal gait patterns during overground walking.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
