Article
Food Science & Technology
Su Hyuk Ko, Jun Ho Choi, Jung Mogg Kim
Summary: Macroautophagy/autophagy plays important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and defense against infections. However, the role of autophagy in enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis infection remains largely unknown. This study investigates the role of B. fragilis enterotoxin (BFT) in the autophagic process of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and finds that BFT can activate autophagy through the AMPK-FoxO3a pathway, inhibiting apoptosis during the early exposure of IECs to BFT.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chang-Gun Lee, Soonjae Hwang, Sun-Yeong Gwon, Chanoh Park, Minjeong Jo, Ju-Eun Hong, Ki-Jong Rhee
Summary: Researchers have found that the secretion of BFT by ETBF can induce IL-8 secretion in intestinal epithelial cells by activating the E-cadherin and beta-catenin signaling pathways, leading to acute inflammation.
Article
Biology
Julie Y. Zhou, Carlos A. Alvarez, Brian A. Cobb
Summary: Cells integrate concurrent signaling initiated by different cytokines to produce specific responses, and the combinatorial effects of different cytokines can lead to distinct biological outcomes, understanding this signaling pathway is crucial for addressing diseases.
Article
Immunology
Yanhua Gao, Ira Bergman
Summary: Simple and reliable methods are needed to detect anti-tumor memory T-cells for clinical tumor vaccination. A mouse model of curative viral onco-immunotherapy showed that peritoneal tumor challenge can identify an oligoclonal anti-tumor memory CD4 and CD8 T-cell response. Different clonotypes were found among challenged animals, but were consistent in blood, spleen, and peritoneal cells of the same animal. These findings suggest that this methodology can be used to assess the effectiveness of tumor vaccines or therapeutic T-cell vaccines using blood and tissue sampling.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Enric Mocholi, Laura Russo, Keshav Gopal, Andrew G. Ramstead, Sophia M. Hochrein, Harmjan R. Vos, Geert Geeven, Adeolu O. Adegoke, Anna Hoekstra, Robert M. van Es, Jose Ramos Pittol, Sebastian Vastert, Jared Rutter, Timothy Radstake, Jorg van Loosdregt, Celia Berkers, Michal Mokry, Colin C. Anderson, Ryan M. O'Connell, Martin Vaeth, John Ussher, Boudewijn M. T. Burgering, Paul J. Coffer
Summary: Upon antigen-specific TCR engagement, the generation of extramitochondrial pyruvate is crucial for acetyl-CoA production and subsequent histone acetylation remodeling. PDH-deficient T cells show that PDH-dependent acetyl-CoA production is a rate-limiting step during T cell activation. This study highlights the integration of metabolic and histone-modifying enzymes in CD4+ T cell activation, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for regulating antigen-driven T cell activation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roman Istomine, Tho-Alfakar Al-Aubodah, Fernando Alvarez, Jacob A. Smith, Carston Wagner, Ciriaco A. Piccirillo
Summary: CD4(+) T cells are crucial for adaptive immunity, and their differentiation into specific subsets is regulated by transcriptional programs. However, recent research has revealed that mRNA translation plays a significant role in determining the abundance of proteins and has identified eIF4E as a central transcript involved in this process. By studying mice lacking eIF4E-binding proteins (BP-/-), researchers found that altered eIF4E activity led to enhanced Th1 responses and differentiation, increased TCR activation, and elevated glycolytic activity in effector T cells. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic target of the eIF4EBP-eIF4E axis for controlling abnormal T cell responses.
Review
Immunology
Deniz Erturk-Hasdemir, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, Dennis L. Kasper, Lloyd H. Kasper
Summary: The symbiotic relationship between animals and their resident microorganisms has significant effects on host immunity, with specific antigens from bacteria showing immunomodulatory effects. In experimental disease models like EAE and MS, the PSA from B. fragilis demonstrates beneficial outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Marco Kunzli, David Masopust
Summary: This review provides updates on our understanding of the biology of memory CD4(+) T cells as well as key technological advances that facilitate their characterization.
Article
Immunology
Martin Somoza, Adriano Bertelli, Cecilia A. Pratto, Ramiro E. Verdun, Oscar Campetella, Juan Mucci
Summary: Trypanosoma cruzi infection induces a polyclonal B cell proliferative response that regulates CD4(+) T cell immune responses by inducing apoptosis, arresting cell division, and affecting the development of proinflammatory response.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yan-hua Yang, Wei Qian, Xiao-hua Hou, Chi-bing Dai
Summary: This study investigated the influence of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bacteroides fragilis on the regulation of enteric glial cells (EGCs) involved in intestinal inflammation. The results showed that these bacteria can affect intestinal inflammation by regulating the expression of specific genes and the secretion of cytokines in EGCs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa, Sonny R. Elizaldi, Jamin W. Roh, Brian A. Schmidt, Timothy D. Carroll, Kourtney D. Weaver, Justin C. Smith, Anil Verma, Jesse D. Deere, Joseph Dutra, Mars Stone, Sergej Franz, Rebecca Lee Sammak, Katherine J. Olstad, J. Rachel Reader, Zhong-Min Ma, Nancy K. Nguyen, Jennifer Watanabe, Jodie Usachenko, Ramya Immareddy, JoAnn L. Yee, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette, Dennis Hartigan-O'Connor, Stephen J. McSorley, John H. Morrison, Nam K. Tran, Graham Simmons, Michael P. Busch, Pamela A. Kozlowski, Koen K. A. Van Rompay, Christopher J. Miller, Smita S. Iyer
Summary: Induction of CD4 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells is crucial for antibody responses to viral infections, as shown in a rhesus macaque model of mild COVID-19 where SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in transient accumulation of proliferating Tfh cells with a Th1 profile in peripheral blood and the generation of germinal center Tfh cells specific for viral proteins.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Osagie A. Eribo, Nelita du Plessis, Novel N. Chegou
Summary: Gut microbiota, especially Bacteroides fragilis, plays a critical role in host health by regulating immune responses. The unique capsular polysaccharides produced by B. fragilis can activate T cells and protect against various diseases, including colitis, cancer, and pulmonary inflammation. Recent studies have explored the immunomodulatory effects of B. fragilis and its polysaccharide-A (PSA) in viral infections and tuberculosis, suggesting their potential application in probiotics and vaccine development.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher, Christina Kim, Jose Mateus, Joyce Plested, Mingzhu Zhu, Shane Cloney-Clark, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette, Louis Fries, Gregory Glenn, Shane Crotty
Summary: NVX-CoV2373 vaccine induces CD4(+) and CD8+ T cell responses, and the production of CD4(+) T cells is correlated with the generation of neutralizing antibodies. This suggests that robust CD4(+) T cell generation may be a key characteristic of NVX-CoV2373 in supporting humoral immune responses.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiao-Peng Dai, Feng-Ying Wu, Cheng Cui, Xue-Jiao Liao, Yan-Mei Jiao, Chao Zhang, Jin-Wen Song, Xing Fan, Ji-Yuan Zhang, Qing He, Fu-Sheng Wang
Summary: Platelet-T cell aggregates play a critical role in maintaining inflammation in chronic HIV-1 infection. The formation of platelet-CD4(+) T cell aggregates was increased in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals compared to healthy controls. Higher levels of these aggregates were associated with HIV-1 permissiveness and immune activation during HIV-1 infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Luca Biasco, Natalia Izotova, Christine Rivat, Sara Ghorashian, Rachel Richardson, Aleks Guvenel, Rachael Hough, Robert Wynn, Bilyana Popova, Andre Lopes, Martin Pule, Adrian J. Thrasher, Persis J. Amrolia
Summary: Amrolia et al. characterized the clonal origins of long-term persistent CAR T cells from the CARPALL trial, demonstrating that central and effector memory cells in patients with long-term persistence remained highly polyclonal, while diversity dropped rapidly in patients with limited persistence. Shared integrants between the CAR T cell product and post-infusion revealed that T memory stem cell clones contributed substantially to the circulating CAR T cell pools during both early expansion and long-term persistence.