Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maja Owe-Larsson, Jan Pawlasek, Tomasz Piecha, Alicja Sztokfisz-Ignasiak, Mikolaj Pater, Izabela R. Janiuk
Summary: The functions of CART neuropeptide encoded by the CARTPT gene range from modifying behavior and pain sensitivity to being an antioxidant. Recently, the putative CART peptide receptor GPR160 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. However, the exact role of CART protein in cancer development remains unclear. This systematic review analyzed 19 publications that describe the association of CART and cancer, suggesting its potential as a biomarker and its oncogenic role in various cancer types.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michal Zalecki, Adrianna Plywacz, Hanna Antushevich, Amelia Franke-Radowiecka
Summary: Research shows that gastric ulcers in pigs lead to a decrease in CART expression and a significant reduction in the percentage of CART-immunofluorescent neuronal fibers. This indicates a unique CART-dependent response of the stomach to ulcer disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Arianna Casini, Giorgio Vivacqua, Rosa Vaccaro, Anastasia Renzi, Stefano Leone, Luigi Pannarale, Antonio Franchitto, Paolo Onori, Romina Mancinelli, Eugenio Gaudio
Summary: The study demonstrated that in BDL rats, the expression of CART and TrkB increased, which correlated positively with the proliferation rate of the biliary tree. In vitro experiments showed that treatment with CART led to increased BDNF secretion in NRC cells.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bo Ram Cho, Wha Young Kim, Ju Kyong Jang, Jung Won Lee, Jeong-Hoon Kim
Summary: Microinjection of CART peptide 55-102 into the NAcc core attenuates psychostimulant-induced locomotor activity. The negative regulatory role of the CART peptide is mediated by normalizing the changes in phosphorylation levels of Akt-GSK3 beta and GluA1 modified by AMPH at this site.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Cyprian Weaver, Marie Antony, Jack Fite, Paari Murugan, Andrew C. Nelson, Juan C. Manivel
Summary: The cellular localization of CART was investigated in normal human prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and acinar adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. CART expression was found in both normal prostatic luminal secretory epithelial cells and neuroendocrine cells, while it was significantly diminished or absent in tissues of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma. CART may serve as an important prostate marker based on its loss in adenocarcinoma and increase in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Gina L. C. Yosten, Christopher J. Haddock, Caron M. Harada, Gislaine Almeida-Pereira, Grant R. Kolar, Lauren M. Stein, Matthew R. Hayes, Daniela Salvemini, Willis K. Samson
Summary: The peptide encoded by CART gene has been studied since 1981, with the identification of CART gene in 1995 leading to further research on its pharmacological effects and physiological relevance. Despite controversy, the importance of CART in ingestive behaviors, reward behaviors, and pain sensation has become evident, although the full potential for therapeutic development remained unrealized due to the absence of an identified receptor. Recent identification of GPR160 as a receptor for CART may open up new possibilities for pharmacotherapies targeting this pluripotent neuropeptide.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xavier J. Maddern, Bethany Letherby, Sarah S. Ch'ng, Amy Pearl, Andrea Gogos, Andrew J. Lawrence, Leigh C. Walker
Summary: The neuropeptide CART is involved in alcohol consumption and reward behaviors, but its mechanisms are not fully understood. A study using CART knockout mice found that CART has a sexually dimorphic effect on binge drinking, with male mice increasing alcohol intake and female mice decreasing it. Female mice also showed heightened sensitivity to bitter solutions that can be reduced by adding a sweetener, suggesting taste as a factor. The study further identified the central nucleus of the amygdala as a locus where CART contributes to the regulation of alcohol consumption, particularly plain alcohol in female mice.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Baiyi Yan, Yanchun Gong, Wei Meng, Huizhen Sun, Wenxi Li, Kaizhi Ding, Caixia Dang, Xiaofei Gao, Wei Sun, Chunhua Yuan, Songhua Wang, Li-Hua Yao
Summary: This study found that cordycepin, an extract from Cordyceps militaris, has a significant protective effect on glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity-induced damage in pancreatic islet cells. It improves cell viability, energy metabolism, and insulin synthesis and secretion. The mechanism may involve reducing ROS levels, increasing ATP content, causing membrane depolarization, balancing Ca2+ concentration, and inhibiting cell apoptosis through downregulation of the JNK pathway.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Julia Schuller, Michael Koch
Summary: Impulsivity is associated with psychiatric diseases, and impulse control involves several brain regions. This study investigated the role of OX and CART in impulse control in rats, and found that OX is dependent on underlying impulsivity while CART is independent of trait impulsivity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Haruhisa Fukada, Koji Murashita, Ayaka Senzui, Toshiro Masumoto
Summary: This study cloned five CART genes from yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata and found that cart1b and 2a in the telencephalon and hypothalamus may have an anorexigenic effect, with their expression possibly affected by changes in the nutritional condition of the fish.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mia Abels, Matteo Riva, Liliya Shcherbina, Ann-Helen Thoren Fischer, Elin Banke, Eva Degerman, Andreas Lindqvist, Nils Wierup
Summary: This study reveals the importance of CART in protecting beta cells and enhancing insulin secretion in diabetes. CARTtg mice exhibited improved metabolic phenotypes, including increased insulin secretion and enhanced glucose elimination, when challenged with aging, high fat diet, or streptozotocin treatment.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. Wang, A. Webster, W. Sims, E. R. Gilbert, M. A. Cline
Summary: The central administration of adrenomedullin (AM) induces anorexigenic effects in Japanese quail, possibly through the synergistic effect of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC).
DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zi-Yang Zhang, Dilshan S. Harischandra, Ruifang Wang, Shivani Ghaisas, Janet Y. Zhao, Thomas P. McMonagle, Guixin Zhu, Kenzo D. Lacuarta, Jianing Song, John Q. Trojanowski, Hong Xu, Virginia M. Y. Lee, Xiaolu Yang
Summary: The down-regulation of TRIM11 is implicated in the pathogenesis of tauopathies, and restoring TRIM11 expression can effectively ameliorate pathological changes and cognitive impairments in animal models of tauopathies.
Article
Physiology
Christopher J. Haddock, Gislaine Almeida-Pereira, Lauren M. Stein, Matthew R. Hayes, Grant R. Kolar, Willis K. Samson, Gina L. C. Yosten
Summary: This study confirmed the essential role of Gpr160 in mediating the effects of CARTp on reducing food and water intake, and identified the distribution of Gpr160ir in the rat brain. Passive immunoneutralization targeting Gpr160 blocked the behavioral effects of CARTp, suggesting the importance of Gpr160 in the regulation of endogenous CARTp.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Radoslaw Szalak, Malgorzata Matysek, Sylwia Mozel, Marcin B. B. Arciszewski
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the expression of CART in claustrum neurons in chinchillas and its co-localization with other neurotransmitters/neuromodulators using double-immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that CART-positive neurons were mainly present in the insular claustrum and the endopiriform nucleus. The co-localization of CART with selected neurotransmitters/neuromodulators (SOM, NPY, and PV) indicated that CART-IR was only produced in the neurons, while the nerve fibers lacked the CART-IR response.
Article
Cell Biology
Johanna Sall, Florentina Negoita, Bjorn Hansson, Franziska Kopietz, Wilhelm Linder, Annie M. L. Pettersson, Mikael Ekelund, Jurga Laurencikiene, Eva Degerman, Karin G. Stenkula, Olga Goransson
CELLULAR SIGNALLING
(2019)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wathik Alsalim, Olga Goransson, Andrea Tura, Giovanni Pacini, Andrea Mari, Bo Ahren
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jesper Bergwik, Amanda Kristiansson, Charlotte Welinder, Olga Goransson, Stefan R. Hansson, Magnus Gram, Lena Erlandsson, Bo Akerstrom
Summary: Alpha(1)-microglobulin (A1M) is a ubiquitous protein with reductase and radical- and heme-binding properties, mainly expressed in the liver and encoded by the AMBP gene. Knockout mouse models lacking A1M expression but with preserved bikunin expression showed increased bikunin levels in the liver but decreased levels in plasma, as well as signs of increased ER stress and phenotypic changes such as increased body weight and lipid accumulation. The results suggest a role of A1M in regulating the intracellular redox environment, particularly in the liver.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ann-Ki Palbrink, Franziska Kopietz, Bjoern Moren, Rene In't Zandt, Federico Kalinec, Karin Stenkula, Olga Goransson, Cecilia Holm, Mans Magnusson, Eva Degerman
BMJ OPEN DIABETES RESEARCH & CARE
(2020)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Franziska Kopietz, Kaja Rupar, Christine Berggreen, Johanna Sall, Didier Vertommen, Eva Degerman, Mark H. Rider, Olga Goransson
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Franziska Kopietz, Yazeed Alshuweishi, Silvia Bijland, Fatmah Alghamdi, Eva Degerman, Kei Sakamoto, Ian P. Salt, Olga Goransson
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of two AMPK activators on glucose uptake in adipocytes, showing that A-769662 significantly reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, but neither activator had clear effects on Akt/AS160 signaling. The results suggest that AMPK activation alone does not inhibit glucose uptake in adipocytes and that the effects of AICAR and A-769662 are AMPK-independent.
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Florentina Negoita, Magdalena Vavakova, Johanna Saell, Jurga Laurencikiene, Olga Goeransson
CELLULAR SIGNALLING
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Danial Ahwazi, Katyayanee Neopane, Greg R. Markby, Franziska Kopietz, Ashley J. Ovens, Morten Dall, Anna S. Hassing, Pamina Graesle, Yazeed Alshuweishi, Jonas T. Treebak, Ian P. Salt, Olga Goransson, Elton Zeqiraj, John W. Scott, Kei Sakamoto
Summary: SBI-0206965, initially identified as an inhibitor of ULK1 kinase, is a potent and selective inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) affecting various cell types. It inhibits multiple kinases, including AMPK-related kinases, and critical cellular functions like glucose and nucleoside uptake. The study highlights the role of gatekeeper residue in determining inhibitor sensitivity, suggesting potential inhibitor-resistant mutant forms as controls for specific cellular effects.
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emma Nilsson, Magdalena Vavakova, Alexander Perfilyev, Johanna Sall, Per-Anders Jansson, Pernille Poulsen, Jonathan Lou S. Esguerra, Lena Eliasson, Allan Vaag, Olga Goransson, Charlotte Ling
Summary: The study found that type 2 diabetes is associated with differential DNA methylation and expression of miRNAs in adipose tissue, and downregulation of the miR-30 family may lead to reduced glucose uptake and altered expression of key genes associated with diabetes.
Article
Physiology
Franziska Kopietz, Eva Degerman, Olga Goransson
Summary: This study found that the two AMPK ss isoforms contribute roughly equally to AMPK activity in human and mouse adipocytes, while the ss1-associated activity dominates in mouse cultured adipocytes and primary rat adipocytes. Additionally, obesity was not found to be associated with changes in AMPK subunit expression or kinase activity in adipocytes.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Johanna Saell, Maria Lindahl, Andreas M. Fritzen, Claes Fryklund, Franziska Kopietz, Emma Nyberg, Anna Warvsten, Bjorn Moren, Marc Foretz, Bente Kiens, Karin G. Stenkula, Olga Goransson
Summary: This study demonstrates that SIK2 is downregulated in obese ob/ob mice and that SIK activity is required for intact glucose uptake in primary human and mouse adipocytes. The underlying mechanism involves direct effects on the insulin signaling pathway, likely at the level of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) generation or breakdown.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Olga Goransson, Franziska Kopietz, Mark H. Rider
Summary: White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a crucial role in regulating overall metabolism by storing and mobilizing fat. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of metabolic pathways, can be targeted by new activators. In WAT, AMPK activation inhibits insulin-stimulated lipogenesis and may also inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in certain situations.
TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Magdalena Vavakova, Kaisa Hofwimmer, Jurga Laurencikiene, Olga Goransson
Summary: Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) is highly expressed in white adipocytes but downregulated in obesity and insulin resistance. In this study, it was found that tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the downregulation of SIK2 during inflammation. The involvement of IKK in SIK2 regulation was also observed. Understanding the downregulation of SIK2 during inflammation could help in developing strategies to restore its expression in insulin resistance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Niklas Ortenlof, Suvi Vallius, Helena Karlsson, Claes Ekstrom, Amanda Kristiansson, Bo Holmqvist, Olga Goransson, Magdalena Vavakova, Martin Ryden, Galen Carey, Norman Barton, David Ley, Magnus Gram
Summary: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is important for normal brain development and vascular maturation. Preterm birth leads to reduced levels of IGF-1. This study investigated the uptake of systemic recombinant human (rh) IGF-1 in the brain parenchyma using a preterm rabbit pup model, and found that the interaction between rhIGF-1 and choroid plexus varies over time.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tadatoshi Sato, Shiv Verma, Ashok Khatri, Thomas Dean, Olga Goransson, Thomas J. Gardella, Marc N. Wein
Summary: While there are some differences in various cell signaling pathways among different analogs of parathyroid hormone, they engage downstream intracellular signaling pathways to a comparable degree. Discrepancies may be related to pharmacokinetic factors, and current in vitro systems may not perfectly match the complexities of PTH1R signaling in bone target cells in vivo.
