Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
S. Moein Moghimi, Hajira B. Haroon, Anan Yaghmur, Dmitri Simberg, Panagiotis N. Trohopoulos
Summary: The contribution of the complement system to host defence and homeostasis is well recognized. The mechanisms underlying complement activation by particulate systems are still not fully understood. Activation of the complement cascade can promote inflammatory reactions. Controlled antibody binding and sensing of particles by complement pattern-recognition molecules can trigger complement activation. Particle curvature and spacing arrangement of surface functional groups are important parameters modulating complement responses through engagement with antibodies and complement pattern-recognition molecules. Better understanding of these parameters could enable the engineering of drug carriers and biomedical platforms with tunable complement responses.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arnab Pradhan, Qinxi Ma, Leandro J. de Assis, Ian Leaves, Daniel E. Larcombe, Alejandra V. Rodriguez Rondon, Olga A. Nev, Alistair J. P. Brown
Summary: In certain niches, microbes enhance their fitness by evolving anticipatory responses to simultaneous and impending environmental challenges. Domesticated yeasts have accumulated adaptive predictions, leading to core stress responses for stress crossprotection. Fungal pathogens of humans also exhibit protective anticipatory responses, reflecting recent selective pressures and evolution of core environmental responses for immune evasion strategies.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Kwang Il Jung, Savannah McKenna, Vijayamahantesh Vijayamahantesh, Ying He, Bumsuk Hahm
Summary: This article summarizes the role and response of type I interferons after virus infections, emphasizing their protective immune responses and potential negative effects such as inflammation and immune suppression.
Review
Fisheries
Ying Huang, Qian Ren
Summary: Some members of the genus Macrobrachium are economically important prawns and valuable objects for studying the innate immune defense mechanism of crustaceans. Their main antiviral defense mechanism involves the activation of intracellular signaling cascades to stimulate cellular and humoral responses against viral infections.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chia-Ling Chen, Po-Chun Tseng, Rahmat Dani Satria, Thi Thuy Nguyen, Cheng-Chieh Tsai, Chiou-Feng Lin
Summary: GSK-3 is a vital regulator of glycogen synthesis that plays a crucial role in cellular bioregulation. Abnormal GSK-3 activation and inactivation can lead to liver damage. Targeting GSK-3 with drugs is a potential therapeutic approach for liver protection. Additionally, blocking GSK-3 has a protective effect in IFN-gamma-mediated immune hepatitis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Michail S. S. Lionakis, Rebecca A. A. Drummond, Tobias M. M. Hohl
Summary: Pathogenic fungi have become major causes of infectious morbidity and mortality in patients with immunodeficiency conditions, and the spread of multidrug-resistant Candida auris has raised global public health concerns. Advances in understanding the cellular and molecular determinants of antifungal immunity provide potential strategies for risk stratification, prognosis, prophylaxis, and therapy against life-threatening fungal infections.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Hongxiang Wang, Ming Guo, Xiaoqian Tang, Jing Xing, Xiuzhen Sheng, Heng Chi, Wenbin Zhan
Summary: The study showed that flounder IFN-gamma could act as a promising adjuvant candidate for fish vaccination, significantly enhancing immune responses and protective effects against E. tarda. Co-vaccination with IFN-gamma could boost specific antibody levels and immune-related gene expressions, leading to higher survival rates in vaccinated fish.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Xiaohan Liu, Jiqing Gao, Xiao Wei, Xinze Zhang, Liping You, Yuanjin Liu, Lizhu Chen, Caili Liu, Chunxiao Sun, Xiuhui Tian, Quanli Zhou, Xiaomin Zhang
Summary: In this study, the potential mechanisms of PAMP binding and opsonic activities of a c-type lectin and a sialic acid-binding lectin from manila clam were investigated. The results showed that both lectins could bind to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and enhance the phagocytosis and encapsulation ability of hemocytes. These lectins may function as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in the innate immune responses of the clam.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Tom R. Kupfer, Daniel M. T. Fessler, Bozhi Wu, Tiffany Hwang, Adam Maxwell Sparks, Sonia Alas, Theodore Samore, Vedika Lal, Tanvi P. Sakhamuru, Colin Holbrook
Summary: Disgust has long been considered a primary motivator for defensive responses to threats posed by pathogens and ectoparasites. Research shows that humans exhibit more surface-guarding responses to ectoparasite stimuli and more ingestion/contamination-reduction responses to pathogen stimuli. This suggests that humans may have evolved distinct psychobehavioral mechanisms for defending against ectoparasites.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Michele Cennamo, Evelina La Civita, Laura Sarno, Gianluigi Carbone, Sarah Di Somma, Serena Cabaro, Jacopo Troisi, Angelo Sirico, Francesco Paolo Improda, Maurizio Guida, Daniela Terracciano, Giuseppe Portella
Summary: COVID-19 is characterized by an immune system overreaction, resulting in a cytokine storm that leads to systemic inflammation. The study focuses on Interferon-gamma and its role in pregnancy and defense against pathogens. The levels of Interferon-gamma were significantly lower in the blood of pregnant women with mild COVID-19, suggesting that infection can affect fetal development even without severe symptoms. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of lower levels of Interferon-gamma on the development and infection susceptibility of infants born to COVID-19-infected mothers.
Review
Immunology
Carolina Chiale, Trever T. Greene, Elina Zuniga
Summary: Recent research has revealed the important protective role of interferons (IFNs) against COVID-19, with human deficiencies in IFN responses serving as predictors of disease severity. The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 evades IFN responses and the ongoing efforts to implement IFNs as therapeutics for COVID-19 are also discussed. Understanding the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and IFN is crucial for informing treatments that exploit IFN functions to mitigate COVID-19.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Alvaro Santibanez, Diego Paine, Mick Parra, Carlos Munoz, Natalia Valdes, Claudia Zapata, Rodrigo Vargas, Alex Gonzalez, Mario Tello
Summary: This study explored the therapeutic application of lactic acid bacteria producing interferon gamma in protecting rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon against pathogens. The results showed that oral administration of the recombinant probiotic stimulated a systemic immune response, doubling the survival rate in fish infected with F. psychrophilum, indicating biotechnological potential for application in aquaculture.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Aleksandra H. Crossman, Eric. H. Ignatz, Jennifer. R. Hall, Surendra Kumar, Mark. D. Fast, Khalil Eslamloo, Matthew. L. Rise
Summary: Atlantic salmon is an economically important aquaculture species, but disease poses a significant threat to the industry. The study focuses on understanding the genes and molecular pathways involved in the immune responses of Atlantic salmon, which is crucial for breeding disease-resistant broodstock and developing effective mitigation strategies.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nikolaos Vlachogiannis, Simon Tual-Chalot, Eleftherios Zormpas, Francesca Bonini, Panagiotis A. Ntouros, Maria Pappa, Vasiliki-Kalliopi Bournia, Maria G. Tektonidou, Vassilis L. Souliotis, Clio P. Mavragani, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Aikaterini Gatsiou, Petros P. Sfikakis, Konstantinos Stellos
Summary: This study demonstrates that ADAR1p150-mediated A-to-I RNA editing is critically involved in type I IFN responses in systemic sclerosis patients, highlighting the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in proinflammatory gene expression in autoimmune diseases such as SSc.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Guillaume David Despres, Kenny Ngo, Guy Lemay
Summary: The amino acid polymorphisms in reovirus proteins mu 2 and lambda 1 are associated with the levels of interferon induction. These two viral determinants exert a synergistic effect on the control of beta-interferon induction and act during the initial events of viral recognition. Additionally, they play a role in viral RNA synthesis.
Article
Immunology
Yanchun Peng, Suet Ling Felce, Danning Dong, Frank Penkava, Alexander J. Mentzer, Xuan Yao, Guihai Liu, Zixi Yin, Ji-Li Chen, Yongxu Lu, Dannielle Wellington, Peter A. C. Wing, Delaney C. C. Dominey-Foy, Chen Jin, Wenbo Wang, Megat Abd Hamid, Ricardo A. Fernandes, Beibei Wang, Anastasia Fries, Xiaodong Zhuang, Neil Ashley, Timothy Rostron, Craig Waugh, Paul Sopp, Philip Hublitz, Ryan Beveridge, Tiong Kit Tan, Christina Dold, Andrew J. Kwok, Charlotte Rich-Griffin, Wanwisa Dejnirattisa, Chang Liu, Prathiba Kurupati, Isar Nassiri, Robert A. Watson, Orion Tong, Chelsea A. Taylor, Piyush Kumar Sharma, Bo Sun, Fabiola Curion, Santiago Revale, Lucy C. Garner, Kathrin Jansen, Ricardo C. Ferreira, Moustafa Attar, Jeremy W. Fry, Rebecca A. Russell, Hans J. Stauss, William James, Alain Townsend, Ling-Pei Ho, Paul Klenerman, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Gavin R. Screaton, Calliope Dendrou, Stephen N. Sansom, Rachael Bashford-Rogers, Benny Chain, Geoffrey L. Smith, Jane A. McKeating, Benjamin P. Fairfax, Paul Bowness, Andrew J. McMichael, Graham Ogg, Julian C. Knight, Tao Dong
Summary: Specific CD8(+) T cell responses targeting NP105-113-B*07:02 are associated with mild COVID-19 disease and high antiviral efficacy, providing potential targets for T cell vaccine design. These T cell responses show long-lasting preservation of antiviral functionality post-infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chandima Jeewandara, Suranga Fernando, Pradeep Darshana Pushpakumara, Shyrar Tanussiya Ramu, Achala Kamaladasa, Banuri Gunasekara, Inoka Sepali Aberathna, Heshan Kuruppu, Thushali Ranasinghe, Shashika Dayarathne, Osanda Dissanayake, Nayanathara Gamalath, Dinithi Ekanayake, Jewantha Jayamali, Ayesha Wijesinghe, Madushika Dissanayake, Gayasha Somathilake, Michael Harvie, Saubhagya Danasekara, Deshni Jayathilaka, Helanka Dinesh Kumara Wijayatilake, Nihal Weerasooriya, Chinthaka Kekulandara, Lisa Schimanski, Pramila Rijal, Tiong K. Tan, Tao Dong, Alain Townsend, Graham S. Ogg, Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
Summary: The immunogenicity of Gam-COVID-Vac as a single dose vaccine was investigated, with 88.7% of individuals seroconverting. Seroconversion rates were significantly lower in individuals over 60 years and lower than with AZD1222. 82.6% of individuals developed ACE2 receptor blocking antibodies, but at significantly lower levels compared to natural infection and a single dose of AZD1222. Antibody titres against different variants were similar to AZD1222, except for B.1.351 which had significantly higher levels. Some individuals developed immune cell responses. Administration of a second dose of the vaccine is likely to be beneficial.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Hui Zhang, Shuang Cao, Yang Gao, Xiao Sun, Fanming Jiang, Bin Zhao, Haibo Ding, Tao Dong, Xiaoxu Han, Hong Shang
Summary: In this study, the recombination structure and T-cell responses of HIV-1 in patient LNA819 were analyzed. The results showed continuous evolution of recombinants and identified immunodominant epitopes. Immune escape mechanisms were also revealed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Veronique M. Braud, Aida Meghraoui-Kheddar, Roxane Elaldi, Luciana Petti, Claire Germain, Fabienne Anjuere
Summary: The success of immune checkpoint therapy has shifted the focus to the immune system in cancer treatment design. The interaction between LLT1 and CD161 plays a crucial role in cancer development, but research is hindered by some obstacles.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Chantal L. Duurland, Saskia J. Santegoets, Ziena Abdulrahman, Nikki M. Loof, Gregor Sturm, Tom H. Wesselink, Ramon Arens, Sanne Boekestijn, Ilina Ehsan, Mariette I. E. van Poelgeest, Francesca Finotello, Hubert Hackl, Zlatko Trajanoski, Peter Ten Dijke, Veronique M. Braud, Marij J. P. Welters, Sjoerd H. van der Burg
Summary: The expression of CD4+CD161+ effector memory T cells is associated with improved survival in HPV16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Therapeutic vaccination activates and expands CD4+CD161+ effector T cells. CD161 functions dynamically and is regulated by cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors. CD161 expressing CD4+ T cells respond more vigorously to suboptimal antigen stimulation and may amplify TCR signals.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Hui Zhang, Chuan He, Fanming Jiang, Shuang Cao, Bin Zhao, Haibo Ding, Tao Dong, Xiaoxu Han, Hong Shang
Summary: The study suggested that Gag-specific T-cell responses were associated with viral control in B*13-positive CRF01_AE subtype HIV-1-infected individuals, while Nef-specific T-cell responses were linked to rapid disease progression. The inclusion of GI11 (Gag) and exclusion of RV9 (Nef) in T-cell-based vaccine design was strongly recommended based on the findings.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David J. Ahern, Zhichao Ai, Mark Ainsworth, Chris Allan, Alice Allcock, Brian Angus, M. Azim Ansari, Carolina Arancibia-Carcamo, Dominik Aschenbrenner, Moustafa Attar, J. Kenneth Baillie, Eleanor Barnes, Rachael Bashford-Rogers, Archana Bashyal, Sally Beer, Georgina Berridge, Amy Beveridge, Sagida Bibi, Tihana Bicanic, Luke Blackwell, Paul Bowness, Andrew Brent, Andrew Brown, John Broxholme, David Buck, Katie L. Burnham, Helen Byrne, Susana Camara, Ivan Candido Ferreira, Philip Charles, Wentao Chen, Yi-Ling Chen, Amanda Chong, Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck, Mark Coles, Christopher P. Conlon, Richard Cornall, Adam P. Cribbs, Fabiola Curion, Emma E. Davenport, Neil Davidson, Simon Davis, Calliope A. Dendrou, Julie Dequaire, Lea Dib, James Docker, Christina Dold, Tao Dong, Damien Downes, Hal Drakesmith, Susanna J. Dunachie, David A. Duncan, Chris Eijsbouts, Robert Esnouf, Alexis Espinosa, Rachel Etherington, Benjamin Fairfax, Rory Fairhead, Hai Fang, Shayan Fassih, Sally Felle, Maria Fernandez Mendoza, Ricardo Ferreira, Roman Fischer, Thomas Foord, Aden Forrow, John Frater, Anastasia Fries, Veronica Gallardo Sanchez, Lucy C. Garner, Clementine Geeves, Dominique Georgiou, Leila Godfrey, Tanya Golubchik, Maria Gomez Vazquez, Angie Green, Hong Harper, Heather A. Harrington, Raphael Heilig, Svenja Hester, Jennifer Hill, Charles Hinds, Clare Hird, Ling-Pei Ho, Renee Hoekzema, Benjamin Hollis, Jim Hughes, Paula Hutton, Matthew A. Jackson-Wood, Ashwin Jainarayanan, Anna James-Bott, Kathrin Jansen, Katie Jeffery, Elizabeth Jones, Luke Jostins, Georgina Kerr, David Kim, Paul Klenerman, Julian C. Knight, Vinod Kumar, Piyush Kumar Sharma, Prathiba Kurupati, Andrew Kwok, Angela Lee, Aline Linder, Teresa Lockett, Lorne Lonie, Maria Lopopolo, Martyna Lukoseviciute, Jian Luo, Spyridoula Marinou, Brian Marsden, Jose Martinez, Philippa C. Matthews, Michalina Mazurczyk, Simon McGowan, Stuart McKechnie, Adam Mead, Alexander J. Mentzer, Yuxin Mi, Claudia Monaco, Ruddy Montadon, Giorgio Napolitani, Isar Nassiri, Alex Novak, Darragh P. O'Brien, Daniel O'Connor, Denise O'Donnell, Graham Ogg, Lauren Overend, Inhye Park, Ian Pavord, Yanchun Peng, Frank Penkava, Mariana Pereira Pinho, Elena Perez, Andrew J. Pollard, Fiona Powrie, Bethan Psaila, T. Phuong Quan, Emmanouela Repapi, Santiago Revale, Laura Silva-Reyes, Jean-Baptiste Richard, Charlotte Rich-Griffin, Thomas Ritter, Christine S. Rollier, Matthew Rowland, Fabian Ruehle, Mariolina Salio, Stephen Nicholas Sansom, Raphael Sanches Peres, Alberto Santos Delgado, Tatjana Sauka-Spengler, Ron Schwessinger, Giuseppe Scozzafava, Gavin Screaton, Anna Seigal, Malcolm G. Semple, Martin Sergeant, Christina Simoglou Karali, David Sims, Donal Skelly, Hubert Slawinski, Alberto Sobrinodiaz, Nikolaos Sousos, Lizzie Stafford, Lisa Stockdale, Marie Strickland, Otto Sumray, Bo Sun, Chelsea Taylor, Stephen Taylor, Adan Taylor, Supat Thongjuea, Hannah Thraves, John A. Todd, Adriana Tomic, Orion Tong, Amy Trebes, Dominik Trzupek, Felicia Anna Tucci, Lance Turtle, Irina Udalova, Holm Uhlig, Erinke van Grinsven, Iolanda Vendrell, Marije Verheul, Alexandru Voda, Guanlin Wang, Lihui Wang, Dapeng Wang, Peter Watkinson, Robert Watson, Michael Weinberger, Justin Whalley, Lorna Witty, Katherine Wray, Luzheng Xue, Hing Yuen Yeung, Zixi Yin, Rebecca K. Young, Jonathan Youngs, Ping Zhang, Yasemin-Xiomara Zurke
Summary: The study presents a comprehensive blood atlas for patients with varying severity of COVID-19, compared to influenza, sepsis patients, and healthy volunteers. The results identify immune signatures and correlates of host response, including cells, inflammatory mediators, immune repertoire, and metabolic and coagulation features. The study also reveals that persistent immune activation is a specific feature of COVID-19. Plasma proteomic analysis enables sub-phenotyping and prediction of severity and outcome. Integrative analyses show feature groupings linked with severity and specificity compared to influenza and sepsis.
Article
Immunology
Chandima Jeewandara, Inoka Sepali Aberathna, Pradeep Darshana Pushpakumara, Achala Kamaladasa, Dinuka Guruge, Ayesha Wijesinghe, Banuri Gunasekera, Shyrar Tanussiya Ramu, Heshan Kuruppu, Thushali Ranasinghe, Shashika Dayarathna, Osanda Dissanayake, Nayanathara Gamalath, Dinithi Ekanayake, Jeewantha Jayamali, Deshni Jayathilaka, Madushika Dissanayake, Tibutius Thanesh Jayadas, Anushika Mudunkotuwa, Gayasha Somathilake, Michael Harvie, Thashmi Nimasha, Saubhagya Danasekara, Ruwan Wijayamuni, Lisa Schimanski, Pramila Rijal, Tiong K. Tan, Tao Dong, Alain Townsend, Graham S. Ogg, Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
Summary: This study investigated the immune responses in a cohort of Sri Lankan individuals following Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV vaccination. The results showed a decline in antibody levels in all age groups, especially in those aged 60 and above. However, T cell responses remained persistent. Long-term efficacy studies are needed to assess the impact of waning immunity on hospitalization and severe disease.
IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Li Guo, Geng Wang, Yeming Wang, Qiao Zhang, Lili Ren, Xiaoying Gu, Tingxuan Huang, Jingchuan Zhong, Ying Wang, Xinming Wang, Lixue Huang, Liuhui Xu, Conghui Wang, Lan Chen, Xia Xiao, Yanchun Peng, Julian C. Knight, Tao Dong, Bin Cao, Jianwei Wang
Summary: This study investigated the durability and functionality of the humoral and T-cell response to the original SARS-CoV-2 strain and variants in recovered patients 12 months after infection. The results showed that neutralising antibodies and T-cell responses were retained 12 months after initial infection. However, the neutralising antibody responses to the D614G, beta, and delta variants were reduced compared to the original strain, while T-cell responses were cross-reactive to the beta variant. This suggests that cross-reactive T-cell responses may be particularly important in protecting against severe disease caused by variants, while neutralising antibody responses seem to diminish over time.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nikolaos I. Kanellakis, John M. Wrightson, Stephen Gerry, Nicholas Ilott, John P. Corcoran, Eihab O. Bedawi, Rachelle Asciak, Andrey Nezhentsev, Anand Sundaralingam, Rob J. Hallifax, Greta M. Economides, Lucy R. Bland, Elizabeth Daly, Xuan Yao, Nick A. Maskell, Robert F. Miller, Derrick W. Crook, Timothy S. C. Hinks, Tao Dong, Ioannis Psallidas, Najib M. Rahman
Summary: Pleural infection is predominantly polymicrobial, and different bacterial patterns are associated with patient survival. The presence of anaerobes and bacteria of the Streptococcus anginosus group is associated with better patient survival, while the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae is linked with lower survival rates.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pablo F. Cespedes, Ashwin Jainarayanan, Lola Fernandez-Messina, Salvatore Valvo, David G. Saliba, Elke Kurz, Audun Kvalvaag, Lina Chen, Charity Ganskow, Huw Colin-York, Marco Fritzsche, Yanchun Peng, Tao Dong, Errin Johnson, Jesus A. Siller-Farfan, Omer Dushek, Erdinc Sezgin, Ben Peacock, Alice Law, Dimitri Aubert, Simon Engledow, Moustafa Attar, Svenja Hester, Roman Fischer, Francisco Sanchez-Madrid, Michael L. Dustin
Summary: The authors use bead-supported lipid bilayers as synthetic APCs to show that trans-synaptic vesicles produced by T cells in the immunological synapse carry specialized cargos distinct from constitutive extracellular vesicles to serve as intercellular messengers.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Eihab O. Bedawi, Nikolaos Kanellakis, John P. Corcoran, Yu Zhao, Maged Hassan, Rachelle Asciak, Rachel M. Mercer, Anand Sundaralingam, Dinesh N. Addala, Robert F. Miller, Tao Dong, Alison M. Condliffe, Najib M. Rahman
Summary: Based on the analysis of 214 confirmed pleural infection samples, this study found that PAI-1 was the only protein associated with the presence and severity of sonographic septations. Additionally, PAI-1 concentration was also associated with longer hospital stay and increased 12-month mortality. However, sonographic septations themselves were not related to clinically important outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Keke Ma, Yan Chai, Jiawei Guan, Shuguang Tan, Jianxun Qi, Ai Kawana-Tachikawa, Tao Dong, Aikichi Iwamoto, Yi Shi, George F. Gao
Summary: In this study, a pair of public TCRs specific to the HLA-A24-restricted Nef-138-8 epitope were identified. These TCRs can recognize both wild-type and mutated Nef138-8 peptides, providing insights into the molecular understanding of T cell immunity against HIV epitopes. These findings also have important implications for the development of T cell-based immunotherapy against HIV infection.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manon Barthe, Leslie Hertereau, Noura Lamghari, Hanan Osman-Ponchet, Veronique M. Braud
Summary: To prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, it is important to understand the various routes of entry for the virus. The skin, being in contact with the external environment, may serve as an alternative route of transmission. This review summarizes current knowledge on the receptors and cofactors involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly their expression in the skin and their potential role in percutaneous infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Elie Antoun, Yanchun Peng, Tao Dong
Summary: Spike-specific CD8(+) T cells are crucial in the immediate immune response to breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination, while B cell and neutralizing antibody responses take effect two weeks after infection.