Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tabitha Jenkins, Jerome Gouge
Summary: The article discusses the important role of reactive oxygen species in cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as the mechanisms of maintaining redox balance in cells. The dual role of Nrf2 in cells is emphasized, with its activation preventing tumorigenesis in healthy cells but promoting tumor development and metastasis in cancer with constitutive activation. In addition, Nrf2 is also involved in preventing programmed cell death.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sara Abudahab, E. T. Price, M. G. Dozmorov, L. S. Deshpande, J. L. McClay
Summary: This article mainly discusses the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in aging and longevity, as well as several AhR ligands with potential anti-aging properties. The article suggests that AhR-driven expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes into old age may be a key mechanism through which moderate induction of AhR elicits positive benefits on longevity and healthspan. Additionally, the article shows that liver-specific AhR target genes are enriched among genes subject to epigenetic aging through integration of publicly available datasets. Hence, the interplay between AhR and epigenetic aging should be the subject of future research, and a broad range of non-toxic AhR ligands should be investigated for their potential to promote healthspan and longevity.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xun Lin, Suzanne Tawch, Hoi Tong Wong, Suyasha Roy, Stephen Gaudino, Patricia Castillo, Waleed Elsegeiny, Nobunao Wakabayashi, Tim D. Oury, Derek Pociask, Kong Chen, Nancy McLinskey, Patricia Melville, Olga Syritsyna, Patricia Coyle, Misty Good, Amit Awasthi, Jay K. Kolls, Pawan Kumar
Summary: This study demonstrates that Nrf2 regulates IL-22 response in CD4(+) T cells through the AhR pathway. CDDO-Im induces IL-22 production by indirectly affecting AhR, confirming the AhR-dependent regulation.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Che -Fu Chang, Yu-Ching Chang, Jing-Tang Lin, Chen-Wei Yu, Yu-Ting Kao
Summary: UGTs in the gastrointestinal tract play a crucial role in protecting the body against toxic xenobiotics. This study examined the metabolism of raloxifene in differentiated Caco-2 monolayers by inducing the expression of UGT1A8 and UGT1A10 in these cells. The results suggest that salvigenin may enhance the pharmacological effects of UGT substrate drugs.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2021)
Review
Dermatology
Jonwei Hwang, Edita M. Newton, Jennifer Hsiao, Vivian Y. Shi
Summary: The AHR/NRF2 modulation pathway shows promise in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory skin disorders by impacting epidermal barrier function, immunomodulation, oxidative stress reduction, and cutaneous microbiome modulation.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wataru Habano, Toshitaka Miura, Jun Terashima, Shogo Ozawa
Summary: AhR functions as a stress sensor and a transcription factor, mediating cellular responses to various stress factors. It can selectively bind to a specific sequence called XRE, acting as a novel DNA methylation reader. AhR's role in regulating DNA methylation and contributing to adaptive cellular response to stress has been discovered.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Severine A. Degrelle, Ioana Ferecatu, Thierry Fournier
Summary: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a crucial transcription factor involved in various biological processes. Two new reporter genes have been constructed to improve the study of AHR activity, and their capability to monitor AHR activity in different cell types has been demonstrated.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bartosz Skora, Paulina Matuszewska, Martyna Masicz, Karolina Sikora, Magnolia Slomczewska, Paulina Soltysek, Konrad A. Szychowski
Summary: This study demonstrates for the first time that AgNPs with a diameter size of 5 nm are able to exert cytotoxic effects on SH-SH5Y cells in a ROS-dependent manner and affect the AhR-PPAR gamma-CYP1A1 pathway, including inhibiting the activity of CYP1A1. This is important due to the potential use of these nanoparticles as enhancer agents in modern PPAR gamma inhibitor-based anticancer therapy.
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
David S. Riddick
Summary: The induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes by halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicants is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). AHR has natural and endogenous ligands and plays important roles in development, physiology, cancer, and other diseases. Understanding the multifaceted roles of AHR in the immune system has gained increasing emphasis in recent years.
DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lisa Goedtke, Heike Sprenger, Ute Hofmann, Felix F. Schmidt, Helen S. Hammer, Ulrich M. Zanger, Oliver Poetz, Albrecht Seidel, Albert Braeuning, Stefanie Hessel-Pras
Summary: PAHs are environmental pollutants generated by incomplete combustion of organic matter, which can induce their own metabolism by activating AHR and CAR. Most PAHs activate AHR, while non-carcinogenic PAHs tend to activate CAR, leading to the expression of respective target genes. Additionally, an increased PAH ring number is associated with AHR activation and DNA double-strand breaks, while smaller PAHs activate CAR but do not cause DNA damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wei Song, Xiaoting Yang, Wanqiu Wang, Zi Wang, Jie Wu, Fengjie Huang
Summary: Research has shown that the new drug sinomenine can repair lung injury and alleviate inflammation caused by cecum ligation and puncture. Sinomenine can also improve gut microbiota richness, modulate intestinal flora composition, reduce colon damage, and improve intestinal barrier integrity in mice undergoing cecum ligation and puncture. The protective effect of sinomenine on the intestinal tract is linked to the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/Nrf2-dependent pathway.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaojing Yang, Andre A. Weber, Elvira Mennillo, Miles Paszek, Samantha Wong, Sabrina Le, Jia Ying Ashley Teo, Max Chang, Christopher W. Benner, Robert H. Tukey, Shujuan Chen
Summary: We evaluated the impact of oral inorganic arsenic on hUGT1 mice and found that it induces UGT1A1 expression in the intestine, reduces serum bilirubin levels, and accelerates intestinal maturation. Additionally, the deficiency of PXR leads to derepression of UGT1A1 in both liver and intestine, and inorganic arsenic activates Nrf2, which contributes to the superinduction of UGT1A1.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vanessa Brinkmann, Margherita Romeo, Lucie Larigot, Anne Hemmers, Lisa Tschage, Jennifer Kleinjohann, Alfonso Schiavi, Swantje Steinwachs, Charlotte Esser, Ralph Menzel, Sara Giani Tagliabue, Laura Bonati, Fiona Cox, Niloofar Ale-Agha, Philipp Jakobs, Joachim Altschmied, Judith Haendeler, Xavier Coumoul, Natascia Ventura
Summary: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Nrf2/SKN-1 pathway play important roles in mediating the anti-aging effects of curcumin. Curcumin can extend lifespan through AhR-dependent mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans, but it also exhibits AhR-independent anti-aging activities. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of curcumin's effects on aging.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Harit Panda, Mikiko Suzuki, Mitsuru Naito, Ritsumi Saito, Huaichun Wen, Liam Baird, Akira Uruno, Kanjiro Miyata, Masayuki Yamamoto
Summary: The Keap1-Nrf2 system regulates the cellular response against oxidative and xenobiotic stresses. In cancer cells, hyperactivation of Nrf2 leads to metabolic reprogramming and increased resistance against cancer therapies. This study shows that encapsulating Halofuginone (HF) in polymeric micelles can reduce systemic toxicity while maintaining the tumor-suppressive properties of HF.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jingzeng Cai, Jie Yang, Xiaoming Chen, Haoran Zhang, Yue Zhu, Qi Liu, Ziwei Zhang
Summary: TMT induces cardiac damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress, while MT mitigates these adverse changes.