Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kumar R. Kakularam, Miquel Canyelles-Nino, Xin Chen, Jose M. Lluch, Angels Gonzalez-Lafont, Hartmut Kuhn
Summary: Mouse and human arachidonic acid lipoxygenase 15B orthologs have different reaction products when arachidonic acid is used as the substrate. Mutations in mouse arachidonic acid lipoxygenase 15b humanized the product pattern, while inverse mutagenesis in human arachidonic acid lipoxygenase 15B murinized the specificity of the enzyme. Experimental proof for the suggested inverse substrate binding at the active site is still pending.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marjann Schaefer, Florian Reisch, Dominika Labuz, Halina Machelska, Sabine Stehling, Gerhard P. Pueschel, Michael Rothe, Dagmar Heydeck, Hartmut Kuhn
Summary: Mammalian arachidonic acid lipoxygenases (ALOXs) play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, with pro- and anti-inflammatory effects reported for different ALOX-isoforms. By testing knock-in mice that express a mutant of the Alox15b gene, researchers found that the humanization of the reaction specificity of mouse Alox15b sensitizes mice to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, but partially protects them in the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced paw edema model.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudia Carranza, Laura Elena Carreto-Binaghi, Silvia Guzman-Beltran, Marcela Munoz-Torrico, Martha Torres, Yolanda Gonzalez, Esmeralda Juarez
Summary: There is a significant sex bias in the severity, prevalence, and pathogenesis of tuberculosis, with men having higher rates. Inflammatory markers show differences between men and women, with men showing higher levels of IL6, IL8, and TNF alpha. RvD1 plays a vital role in resolving inflammation in women with tuberculosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiroshi Kuwata, Eriko Nakatani, Yuki Tomitsuka, Tsubasa Ochiai, Yuka Sasaki, Emiko Yoda, Shuntaro Hara
Summary: The deficiency of ACSL4 increases susceptibility to endotoxin, possibly by overproduction of cyclooxygenase-derived eicosanoids.
Article
Allergy
Antonie Lechner, Fiona D. R. Henkel, Franziska Hartung, Sina Bohnacker, Francesca Alessandrini, Ekaterina O. Gubernatorova, Marina S. Drutskaya, Carlo Angioni, Yannick Schreiber, Pascal Haimerl, Yan Ge, Dominique Thomas, Agnieszka M. Kabat, Edward J. Pearce, Caspar Ohnmacht, Sergei A. Nedospasov, Peter J. Murray, Adam M. Chaker, Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber, Julia Esser-von Bieren
Summary: This study reveals the existence of macrophage-trained immunity in allergic asthma, characterized by inflammatory transcriptional reprogramming and excessive mediator responses. Allergen-triggered inflammation drives a TNF-dependent innate memory, which may perpetuate and exacerbate chronic type 2 airway inflammation and thus represents a target for asthma therapy.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Shigeyuki Tamiya, Eisuke Yoshikawa, Koichiro Suzuki, Yasuo Yoshioka
Summary: The DBA/2 mouse strain shows higher bacterial load and enhanced Th1 and Th17 responses to Mycoplasma pneumoniae compared to other tested strains, making it a potentially valuable model for studying Mp infection and pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arne Martens, Pieter Hertens, Dario Priem, Vagelis Rinotas, Theodore Meletakos, Meropi Gennadi, Lisette Van Hove, Els Louagie, Julie Coudenys, Amelie De Muynck, Djoere Gaublomme, Mozes Sze, Jolanda van Hengel, Leen Catrysse, Esther Hoste, Jeffrey D. Zajac, Rachel A. Davey, Luc Van Hoorebeke, Tino Hochepied, Mathieu J. M. Bertrand, Marietta Armaka, Dirk Elewaut, Geert van Loo
Summary: The anti-inflammatory protein A20 plays a critical role in inhibiting NF-kappa B signaling and inflammation. Deficiency of A20 can lead to osteoporosis without causing inflammatory arthritis. A20 regulates RANK-induced NF-kappa B signaling through its specific domains, controlling osteoclast differentiation and bone development.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yixiong Wang, Lubna Yasmin, Lei Li, Pinzhang Gao, Xia Xu, Xuejun Sun, Roseline Godbout
Summary: Researchers have discovered that the DEAD box protein DDX1 forms large aggregates in the cytoplasm of early mouse embryos and is involved in the formation of Membrane Associated RNA-containing Vesicles. Loss of Ddx1 leads to embryonic lethality and affects mitochondria function, as well as the spatial distribution of calcium in embryos. Furthermore, DDX1 plays a crucial role in regulating developmental and mitochondrial processes in embryos.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fengfei Wu, Fangting Wu, Qian Zhou, Xi Liu, Jieying Fei, Da Zhang, Weidong Wang, Yi Tao, Yubing Lin, Qiaoqiao Lin, Xinghua Pan, Kai Sun, Fang Xie, Lan Bai
Summary: Creeping fat is a characteristic feature of Crohn's disease, associated with inflammation and fibrosis of the intestines. This study demonstrates abnormal lipid metabolism in creeping fat and identifies a specific subset of mesenchymal stem cells that expands in creeping fat and accelerates adipogenic differentiation in response to certain stimuli. The study offers a conceptual framework for discovering therapeutic targets for treating Crohn's disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Alena Ivashenka, Christian Wunder, Valerie Chambon, Roger Sandhoff, Richard Jennemann, Estelle Dransart, Katrina Podsypanina, Berangere Lombard, Damarys Loew, Christophe Lamaze, Francoise Poirier, Hermann-Josef Groene, Ludger Johannes, Massiullah Shafaq-Zadah
Summary: Ivashenka et al. discovered that galectin-3 (Gal3) binding to lactotransferrin drives its transcytosis in enterocytes. Such trafficking is Gal3- and glycosphingolipid-dependent, and Gal3 is found in clathrin-independent carriers. These findings suggest that polarized trafficking across the intestinal barrier relies on this glycolipid and lectin (GL-Lect)-mediated endocytosis.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chiaki Itami, Naofumi Uesaka, Jui-Yen Huang, Hui-Chen Lu, Kenji Sakimura, Masanobu Kano, Fumitaka Kimura
Summary: Columnar structure is a fundamental feature of the cerebral cortex, and endocannabinoid signaling through CB1R plays a crucial role in shaping columnar axonal projection.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Antoine B. Jacquey, Hadrien Rattez, Manolis Veveakis
Summary: This study investigates how multiphysics coupling, combined with rate-dependent plasticity, can regularize the problem of strain localization. By coupling constitutive laws for deformation to a generic diffusion-reaction equation, it is possible to regulate this ill-posed problem under certain conditions on softening parameters in the plastic potential. This approach can lead to material instabilities controlled by physical parameters, resulting in the formation of regular or erratic patterns.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qiong Wu, Shuangli He, Yu Zhu, Shiming Pu, Zuping Zhou
Summary: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) in treating obesity and aging in aged mice. ASCs treatment led to significant weight loss, improved organ function, increased antioxidant capacity, enhanced lipid metabolism, and reduced inflammation in old mice. The positive effects of ASCs suggest their potential as primary antiaging and antiobesity agents for the elderly.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hang Zhou, Naoto Isozaki, Kazuya Fujimoto, Ryuji Yokokawa
Summary: This study provides plausible explanations for the discrepancies in the regulation of MT flexural rigidity and develops a new method for evaluating MT rigidity. Furthermore, it reveals a new relationship between the dynamics and mechanics of MTs, where MT flexural rigidity decreases through three phases with increasing growth rate. The growth rate-dependent flexural rigidity of MTs influences pattern formation in collective motion, which is validated using machine learning.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jian-Gan Ren, Bowen Xing, Kaoshen Lv, Rachel A. O'Keefe, Mengfang Wu, Ruoxing Wang, Kaylyn M. Bauer, Arevik Ghazaryan, George M. Burslem, Jing Zhang, Ryan M. O'Connell, Vinodh Pillai, Elizabeth O. Hexner, Mark R. Philips, Wei Tong
Summary: RAB27B controls the palmitoylation and trafficking of NRAS, and its expression is associated with poor prognosis in AMLs. RAB27B depletion inhibits the growth of CBL-deficient or NRAS-mutant cell lines.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Bavithra Vijayakumar, Karim Boustani, Patricia P. Ogger, Artemis Papadaki, James Tonkin, Christopher M. Orton, Poonam Ghai, Kornelija Suveizdyte, Richard J. Hewitt, Sujal R. Desai, Anand Devaraj, Robert J. Snelgrove, Philip L. Molyneaux, Justin L. Garner, James E. Peters, Pallav L. Shah, Clare M. Lloyd, James A. Harker
Summary: Patients with persistent lung disease after COVID-19 discharge exhibit abnormal immune-proteomic profiles in the airways, characterized by elevated levels of proteins associated with cell death, tissue repair, and epithelial injury. The severity of airway dysfunction correlates with increased cytotoxic lymphocyte counts, while more extensive lung abnormalities are associated with elevated B cell numbers and altered monocyte subsets. Long-term follow-up indicates that these abnormalities resolve over time.
Article
Microbiology
Celine Pattaroni, Matthew Macowan, Roxanne Chatzis, Carmel Daunt, Adnan Custovic, Michael D. Shields, Ultan F. Power, Jonathan Grigg, Graham Roberts, Peter Ghazal, Jurgen Schwarze, Mindy Gore, Steve Turner, Andrew Bush, Sejal Saglani, Clare M. Lloyd, Benjamin J. Marsland
Summary: This study reveals the relationship between early post-natal microbial and immunological features in the upper airways of newborns. The results show that the oropharynx and nasal cavity are distinct ecological niches for different microbial species, and breastfeeding can influence the microbial composition and expression of immunological features. These findings are important for understanding the development trajectories of respiratory health.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Helen Stolting, Clare M. Lloyd
Summary: In this study, Agaronyan et al. demonstrate how Pseudomonas aeruginosa manipulates host immune responses to promote its own growth and survival.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Malcolm R. Starkey, Hitesh Deshmukh, Nicholas W. Lukacs, Clare M. Lloyd
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Chloe J. Pyle, Dhiren F. Patel, Teresa Peiro, Regis Joulia, Aleksander M. Grabiec, Tracy Hussell, Gael Tavernier, Angela Simpson, James Pease, James A. Harker, Clare M. Lloyd, Robert J. Snelgrove
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rod A. Rahimi, Josalyn L. Cho, Claudia Jakubzick, Shabaana A. Khader, Bart N. Lambrecht, Clare M. Lloyd, Ari B. Molofsky, Sebastien Talbot, Catherine A. Bonham, Wonder P. Drake, Anne Sperling, Benjamin D. Singer
Summary: The mammalian airways and lungs are constantly exposed to various inhaled particles, allergens, and pathogens. The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting against respiratory pathogens, but an unbalanced immune response during respiratory infections can hinder pathogen clearance and cause immune-related diseases. Understanding the complex network of cells involved in sensing and responding to inhaled antigens is essential for developing effective mucosal vaccines and managing inflammatory pulmonary diseases. The American Thoracic Society has formed a working group to advance the study of lung immunology and improve human health.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Helen Stolting, Laury Baillon, Rebecca Frise, Katie Bonner, Richard J. Hewitt, Philip L. Molyneaux, Mindy L. Gore, Wendy S. Barclay, Sejal Saglani, Clare M. Lloyd
Summary: Children are less likely to suffer severe symptoms when infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to adults. Airway epithelial cells play a vital role in the defense against viruses. This study found that SARS-CoV-2 has lower replication potential and immune response in bronchial epithelial cells compared to H1N1.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Sejal Saglani, Laura Yates, Clare M. Lloyd
Summary: Asthma is a disease characterized by type 2 immune dysfunction, with excess secretion of cytokines and eosinophil inflammation. Efforts have been made to develop drugs targeting these immune pathways, but they are not curative and may not fully alleviate key features of the disease. This review discusses the current landscape of therapeutic options targeting type 2 immune cytokines and their efficacy and limitations in both adults and children with asthma.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Franz Puttur, Clare M. Lloyd
Summary: In this study, Cao et al. uncover the crucial role of dopamine in inhibiting ILC2 function via metabolic restriction, leading to the improvement of key features in asthma pathogenesis.
Review
Immunology
James A. Harker, Clare M. Lloyd
Summary: Harker and Lloyd review the multifaceted roles of Th2 cells in human asthma, emphasizing the influence of tissue location and disease severity. They also discuss the use of biologic therapies targeting Th2 cells and their cytokines. This review highlights the complex functions of Th2 cells in asthma and how they are affected by tissue location, disease stage, and severity, while also exploring the impact of biologics on asthma and the potential for uncovering new roles for Th2 cells in lung inflammation.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Erik Melen, Bart N. Lambrecht, Clare M. Lloyd, Marc E. Rothenberg, Kenji Kabashima, Fabio Luciani, Jonathan M. Coquet, Carole Ober, Martijn C. Nawijn, Thomas Platts-Mills, Erika von Mutius
Summary: Allergy is a group of disorders, affecting over 1 billion people worldwide, which includes asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, and food allergies. Its incidence has dramatically increased since the start of the 20th century, indicating that both genetics and environmental factors play important roles in its development.
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Clare M. M. Lloyd, Sejal Saglani
Summary: Lloyd and Saglani provide an overview of the immunology of respiratory infections in early life and how it impacts lifelong lung health. Respiratory infections are common in infants and young children, and their effects during this developmental stage can have long-term consequences. The immune system and microbiome in the respiratory tract develop simultaneously, and any disruption to this development can have implications for lung health throughout one's life. The authors emphasize the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between immune and structural cells in the lung and the local microorganisms to mitigate harmful effects and restore lung immune health.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Richard J. Hewitt, Franz Puttur, David C. A. Gaboriau, Frederic Fercoq, Maryline Fresquet, William J. Traves, Laura L. Yates, Simone A. Walker, Philip L. Molyneaux, Samuel V. Kemp, Andrew G. Nicholson, Alexandra Rice, Edward Roberts, Rachel Lennon, Leo M. Carlin, Adam J. Byrne, Toby M. Maher, Clare M. Lloyd
Summary: This study reveals the impact of changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition secreted by lung fibroblasts on the migration and function of KRT5(+) cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), contributing to tissue remodeling in the fibrotic lung.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Kunyuan Tian, Prakrati Dangarh, Haina Zhang, Christian L. Hines, Andrew Bush, Hannah J. Pybus, James A. Harker, Clare M. Lloyd, Reiko J. Tanaka, Sejal Saglani
Summary: Research suggests that recurrent RSV infection in early life alters airway barrier function and promotes type 2 immunity. The study provides evidence of a causal relationship between airway barrier function and type 2 immunity.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
R. Konstantinidi, L. L. Yates, S. Saglani, C. M. Lloyd, A. K. Patel
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2022)