Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohamed El-Tanani, Hamdi Nsairat, Vijay Mishra, Yachana Mishra, Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Angel Serrano-Aroca, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
Summary: Ran is a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins, regulating nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and mitosis by regulating spindle formation and nuclear envelope reassembly. Aberrant Ran expression in cancer is due to upstream dysregulation and abnormal activation of signaling pathways. Overexpression of Ran affects cell phenotype and has been found in various cancers, correlating with tumor grade and metastasis. Increased dependence on Ran for spindle formation and mitosis, as well as dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport, contribute to the increased malignancy and invasiveness associated with Ran overexpression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biology
Omid G. Sani, Maryam M. Shanechi
Summary: The study suggests that the rotational patterns of activity in the motor cortex when controlling a simulated arm by an artificial network of neurons may be dependent on sensory feedback from the moving limb.
Article
Cell Biology
Minxiao Yang, Hua Shen, Per Flodby, Michael D. Koss, Rania Bassiouni, Yixin Liu, Tea Jashashvili, Aaron Neely, Ezuka Ogbolu, Jonathan Castillo, Theresa Ryan Stueve, Daniel J. Mullen, Amy L. Ryan, John Carpten, Alessandra Castaldi, W. Dean Wallace, Beiyun Zhou, Zea Borok, Crystal N. Marconett
Summary: Gramd2+ AT1 cells can serve as a cell of origin for a subtype of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), suggesting the importance of considering distinct subtypes based on cell of origin in the development of therapeutics.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vikesh Siddhu
Summary: This article explores the non-additivity of quantum channel coherent information, linking it to the log singularity of quantum entropy and discovering that non-additivity can occur even in low-noise channels. The author introduces and links logarithmic singularities in the von-Neumann entropy with quantum transmission, identifying mechanisms responsible for both positivity and non-additivity of the coherent information. A general theorem is proven concerning the positivity of a channel's coherent information, with applications solving open problems and characterizing qubit channels.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anne Kathrin Loesslein, Florens Lohrmann, Lisa Scheuermann, Kourosh Gharun, Jana Neuber, Julia Kolter, Aaron James Forde, Christian Kleimeyer, Ying Yee Poh, Matthias Mack, Antigoni Triantafyllopoulou, Micah D. Dunlap, Shabaana A. Khader, Maximilian Seidl, Alexandra Hoelscher, Christoph Hoelscher, Xue Li Guan, Anca Dorhoi, Philipp Henneke
Summary: The study identifies monocyte progenitors with high giant cell-forming potential and the ability to accumulate cholesterol and lipids as key players in the immune response to mycobacteria. These monocyte progenitors may be exploited by mycobacteria to create a favorable niche for growth.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jennifer A. White, Fengting Wu, Saif Yasin, Milica Moskovljevic, Joseph Varriale, Filippo Dragoni, Angelica Camilo-Contreras, Jiayi Duan, Mei Y. Zheng, Ndeh F. Tadzong, Heer B. Patel, Jeanelle Mae C. Quiambao, Kyle Rhodehouse, Hao Zhang, Jun Lai, Subul A. Beg, Michael Delannoy, Christin Kilcrease, Christopher J. Hoffmann, Sebastien Poulin, Frederic Chano, Cecile Tremblay, Jerald Cherian, Patricia Barditch-Crovo, Natasha Chida, Richard D. Moore, Michael F. Summers, Robert F. Siliciano, Janet D. Siliciano, Francesco R. Simonetti
Summary: This study found that proviruses with 5'-leader defects in CD4+ T cell clones can cause persistent nonsuppressible viremia (NSV) in HIV-1 patients, which may complicate ART management.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tomonori Matsumoto, Leslie Wakefield, Alexander Peters, Myron Peto, Paul Spellman, Markus Grompe
Summary: Polyploidy is common in cancer and normal tissues, with polyploid hepatocytes proliferating and reducing ploidy during liver regeneration. Research shows that polyploid hepatocytes easily form liver tumors through frequent ploidy reduction, which is an early step in liver tumorigenesis.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tina Perica, Christopher J. P. Mathy, Jiewei Xu, Gwendolyn M. Jang, Yang Zhang, Robyn Kaake, Noah Ollikainen, Hannes Braberg, Danielle L. Swaney, David G. Lambright, Mark J. S. Kelly, Nevan J. Krogan, Tanja Kortemme
Summary: This study reveals that the functional specificity of the small GTPase switch protein Gsp1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is linked to the differential sensitivity of biological processes to different kinetics of the Gsp1 switch cycle. By making targeted point mutations to individual protein interaction interfaces of Gsp1 and conducting quantitative genetic and physical interaction mapping, it is shown that interface mutations allosterically tune the GTPase cycle kinetics, rather than grouping by targeted interfaces. These findings suggest a model in which protein partner binding or post-translational modifications may act as allosteric regulators of GTPase switching and may have implications for disease mutations targeting central molecular switches.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Naseer Ali, Avinaash Vickram Maharaj, Federica Buonocore, John C. Achermann, Louise A. Metherell
Summary: This is a case report of an eight-year-old South Asian boy with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) presenting with progressive hyperpigmentation. Molecular evaluation revealed changes in two genes associated with early stages of steroid biosynthesis. However, no variants in other known causal genes were detected. The parents of the boy did not show any signs of adrenal cortical dysfunction. The authors speculated that the phenotype of isolated glucocorticoid deficiency in this child may be due to tri-allelic inheritance or the combined effect of the two gene variants.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Edna Cukierman
Summary: The study demonstrates the protu-morigenic role of pancreatic stellate cell-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer.
Article
Immunology
Sebastien Augustin, Marion Lam, Sophie Lavalette, Anna Verschueren, Frederic Blond, Valerie Forster, Lauriane Przegralek, Zhiguo He, Daniel Lewandowski, Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans, Serge Picaud, Jose-Alain Sahel, Thibaud Mathis, Michel Paques, Gilles Thuret, Xavier Guillonneau, Cecile Delarasse, Florian Sennlaub
Summary: Through studying human donor tissue, researchers have discovered that the majority of cells containing retinal melanosome/melanolipofuscin are actually melanophages, rather than migrating retinal pigment epithelial cells. They have also identified the mechanism by which melanophages form, involving the transfer of melanosomes from the retinal pigment epithelial cells to subretinal mononuclear phagocytes when the CD47 signal is blocked. These melanophages result in the formation of hyperreflective foci and are associated with RPE dysmorphia similar to intermediate AMD. Additionally, the study found that CD47 expression in human RPE decreases with age and in AMD, suggesting that boosting CD47 expression may protect RPE cells and delay AMD progression.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra Schnell, Linglin Huang, Meromit Singer, Anvita Singaraju, Rocky M. Barilla, Brianna M. L. Regan, Alina Bollhagen, Pratiksha Thakore, Danielle Dionne, Toni M. Delorey, Mathias Pawlak, Gerd Meyer zu Horste, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Rafael A. Irizarry, Aviv Regev, Vijay K. Kuchroo
Summary: This study characterized the heterogeneity, plasticity, and migratory phenotypes of tissue Th17 cells in different states, revealing their roles in intestinal and central nervous system autoimmune inflammation. The research found that intestinal Th17 cells not only maintain tissue homeostasis but also directly contribute to the development of extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carl Malina, Rosemary Yu, Johan Bjorkeroth, Eduard J. Kerkhoven, Jens Nielsen
Summary: The Crabtree effect, observed in many eukaryotic cells, allows for higher growth rates at high glucose availability. Differences in energy metabolism and protein translation efficiency play a key role in distinguishing between Crabtree-positive and Crabtree-negative yeasts.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biology
Alexandre Grimaldi, Glenda Comai, Sebastien Mella, Shahragim Tajbakhsh
Summary: In this study, the researchers identified bipotent progenitors expressing Myf5 that give rise to both muscle and connective tissue. The emergence of connective tissue is associated with the activity of several transcription factors, and this bifurcation in cell fate was not observed in craniofacial regions.
Article
Immunology
Elza Evren, Emma Ringqvist, Jean-Marc Doisne, Anna Thaller, Natalie Sleiers, Richard A. Flavell, James P. Di Santo, Tim Willinger
Summary: Evren et al. identify CD116(+) fetal liver cells as precursors of human alveolar macrophages in early life and reveal the impact of cell origin on lung macrophage identity and function.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)