Review
Neurosciences
Henry Querfurth, Han-Kyu Lee
Summary: mTOR is involved in regulating energy metabolism, neuronal growth, insulin signaling, and autophagy, playing both beneficial and pathogenic roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Balanced actions of mTOR complexes may have implications for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Frontotemporal dementia, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Beyond rapamycin, rapalogs with improved tolerability and delivery modes hold promise in treating age-related conditions.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mohamed El-Tanani, Hamdi Nsairat, Alaa A. Aljabali, Angel Serrano-Aroca, Vijay Mishra, Yachana Mishra, Gowhar A. Naikoo, Walhan Alshaer, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
Summary: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a signalling system, is necessary for various cell proliferation activities. It recognizes PI3KAKT stress signals as a serine-threonine kinase. The abnormal regulation of mTOR pathway has been proven to be crucial in cancer growth and advancement. This review primarily discusses the normal functions of mTOR as well as its abnormal roles in cancer development.
Article
Ophthalmology
Nozomi Igarashi, Megumi Honjo, Makoto Aihara
Summary: Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, is often treated with trabeculectomy, but this surgery can lead to excessive scarring and tissue fibrosis. Studies have shown that mTOR inhibitors may offer a new treatment modality for reducing fibrotic response in human conjunctival fibroblasts and improving bleb scarring after filtration surgery.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alaa Abou Daher, Sahar Alkhansa, William S. Azar, Rim Rafeh, Hilda E. Ghadieh, Assaad A. Eid
Summary: Understanding the mechanisms behind diabetic nephropathy (DN) is crucial for developing effective treatments. The mTOR pathway has been identified as a key player in diabetes-induced kidney injury, through its involvement in insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and autophagy regulation.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Fan Lin, Yunqi Liu, Lili Tang, Xiaohui Xu, Xueli Zhang, Yifan Song, Bicheng Chen, Yeping Ren, Xiangdong Yang
Summary: The study demonstrated that rapamycin protects against aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy by activating the mTOR-autophagy axis. This finding provides evidence for rapamycin as a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of aristolochic acid nephropathy.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Andrea Perez-Iturralde, Beatriz Carte, Rafael Aldabe
Summary: The study found that mTOR inhibitors have complex effects on AAV hepatic transduction efficiency, with rapamycin enhancing AAV transduction while RapaLink-1 and MLN0128 do not. This indicates that mTOR inhibition is not a straightforward strategy for improving AAV transduction, and more research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in their effects.
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wei Liu, Dong Zhao, Xiaofeng Wu, Fang Yue, Haizhen Yang, Ke Hu
Summary: Rapamycin can ameliorate obstructive sleep apnea-related renal injury by inhibiting the mTOR/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which is of great significance for the kidney health of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jessica Selig, H. Viviana Krug, Caroline Kueppers, D. Margriet Ouwens, Felix A. Kraft, Elena Adler, Sebastian J. Bauer, Artur Lichtenberg, Payam Akhyari, Mareike Barth
Summary: Diabetes and its key determinants, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, contribute to calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) by causing alterations in valvular interstitial cells (VIC) and extracellular matrix remodeling. The mTOR signaling pathway plays a crucial role in this process.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junfang Yan, Yi Xie, Jing Si, Lu Gan, Hongyan Li, Chao Sun, Cuixia Di, Jinhua Zhang, Guomin Huang, Xuetian Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: In response to cellular stress triggered by the environment, cells integrate the caspase family and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling to regulate cell survival and fate. While mTOR pathway mediates cell growth and metabolism, the caspase family plays a crucial role in inflammation and apoptosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Michela Campolo, Giovanna Casili, Marika Lanza, Alessia Filippone, Marika Cordaro, Alessio Ardizzone, Sarah Adriana Scuderi, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Emanuela Esposito, Irene Paterniti
Summary: The study demonstrates that mTOR inhibitors, especially KU0063794, have significant benefits for cognitive and motor recovery after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, reducing lesion volumes and alleviating neuroinflammation and neuronal death.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sung Eun Kim, Justin Zhang, Enoch Jiang, Michael Overholtzer
Summary: Metabolic stress plays a role in regulating cell death, with amino acid signaling and the mTOR-4E-BP1/2 pathway identified as an upstream regulation mechanism for the fate of live engulfed cells formed by entosis and HoCC. Amino acid withdrawal or mTOR inhibition induces apoptosis of engulfed cells and blocks entotic cell death that is associated with the lipidation of the autophagy protein LC3.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Timothy Crook, Darshana Patil, Andrew Gaya, Nicholas Plowman, Sewanti Limaye, Anantbhushan Ranade, Amit Bhatt, Raymond Page, Dadasaheb Akolkar
Summary: The study demonstrated that patient-specific combination regimens with mTOR inhibition and other anti-neoplastic agents, selected based on multi-analyte molecular and functional profiling of the tumor, can result in meaningful outcomes in advanced or refractory solid organ cancers.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Zi-Qian Cheng, Jie Fan, Fang-Yi Zhao, Jing-Yun Su, Qi-Han Sun, Ran-Ji Cui, Bing-Jin Li
Summary: Recent studies have found that a 9-hour fast in mice reduces immobility time in the forced swimming test. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of 9-hour fasting in female mice with depressive symptoms. The results showed that fasting alleviated depressive symptoms in ovariectomized mice, suggesting its potential as a treatment for depression.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ali H. H. Alamri, Sandip Debnath, Taha Alqahtani, Ali Alqahtani, Saad Ali Alshehri, Arabinda Ghosh
Summary: Breast cancer is a diverse malignancy in women, with its classification based on clinical evidence and pathology. Public drug screening databases and transcriptome measures have aided in the development of predictive computational models. The Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a mutated risk factor in breast cancer, and research is focusing on developing effective ligands for anti-cancer treatments. Using computer-aided drug design, chromones and flavonoids were studied to create a bioavailable mTOR inhibitor. Curcumin, derived from Curcuma longa, coated with liposomes, showed potential for targeted prevention of breast cancer growth. Further studies on nanostructures and liposome-like carriers may improve healthcare delivery. Curcumin's interaction with mTOR receptors may lead to its efficacy as a lead treatment for breast cancer. Lipid-coated nanoparticles provide tailored administration options.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Preeti Vyas, Rajkumar Tulsawani, Divya Vohora
Summary: Recent findings show that neuroinflammation is closely related to seizures, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is speculated to be a potential target for treating neuroinflammation-mediated seizures and neurodegeneration. In a study on mice, PI3K inhibitors buparlisib and dactolisib were found to be effective in prolonging seizure latency and reducing neuronal loss, while rapamycin showed some resistance. The study suggests that targeting the PI3K pathway may offer new approaches for seizure therapies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)