Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yang Xu, Linjun Qin, Guorui Liu, Minghui Zheng, Da Li, Lili Yang
Summary: The study assessed daily exposure levels of EPFRs for urban residents in Beijing, finding that carbon-centered radicals dominated in winter, while oxygen-centered radicals dominated in summer. Coal combustion in winter was identified as a key influencing factor, and an intuitive assessment concluded that one urban resident may inhale the equivalent of 46 cigarettes per day in EPFRs. Further research on the health risks of these free radicals, especially during winter, is recommended.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ankit Aryal, Alexandra Noel, Lavrent Khachatryan, Stephania A. Cormier, Pratiti H. Chowdhury, Arthur Penn, Tammy R. Dugas, Ashlyn C. Harmon
Summary: This study evaluates the cardiopulmonary effects of particulate matter containing environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and finds that these particles can cause both lung function decline and vascular dysfunction. Gene expression analysis reveals that lung AT2 cells are the primary target for EPFR activation, highlighting the importance of additional studies on the cardiopulmonary effects of EPFRs.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xintong Li, Hongxia Zhao, Baocheng Qu, Yu Tian
Summary: This study investigated the photoformation of EPFRs on particulate organic matter (POM) in water contaminated by anthracene (Ant) and provided useful information about their fate in aqueous environments. The formation pathway and intermediates of EPFRs were proposed. Additionally, the indirect photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA), induced by EPFRs, was demonstrated.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hanhan Li, Zhen Zhao, Xiao-San Luo, Guodong Fang, Dong Zhang, Yuting Pang, Weijie Huang, Tariq Mehmood, Mingwei Tang
Summary: The presence of EPFRs in PM2.5 is potentially harmful to human health, especially during the cold season when exposure concentrations and cell toxicity are higher. Metals and carbon fractions are significantly correlated with the presence of EPFRs.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sijia Liu, Weilin Huang, Jingjing Yang, Yu Xiong, Ziqing Huang, Jinling Wang, Tingting Cai, Zhi Dang, Chen Yang
Summary: Microplastics (MPs), resulting from the breakdown of plastic wastes, are widely distributed in the environment. Under ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the further fragmentation of MPs may lead to the formation of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs). This study investigated the correlation between EPFRs concentrations and UV energy, using different types of plastics and UV light sources. The results showed that the structure of MPs and the level of UV energy influenced the generation of EPFRs. It was also observed that UVC radiation led to faster formation of free radicals compared to UVB and UVA. The study provides insights into the mechanisms of EPFRs formation on microplastic particles and highlights the broad impacts of EPFRs on the fate and transport of MPs in aquatic environments.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Linjun Qin, Lili Yang, Xiaoyun Liu, Cui Li, Bingcheng Lin, Minghui Zheng, Guorui Liu
Summary: This study unveiled the mechanism of EPFR formation from catechol during heating and the influence of metal oxides on this process, providing crucial information for better control of EPFR formation from anthropogenic activities.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qingyun He, Wuduo Zhao, Peiru Luo, Lingyun Wang, Qiannan Sun, Wenfen Zhang, Dan Yin, Yanhao Zhang, Zongwei Cai
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive investigation on the pollution levels, seasonal variations, sources, and potential health risks of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in PM2.5 in Zhengzhou. It found that winter and spring had relatively serious contamination, and primary fossil fuel combustion and Fe-mediated secondary formation were identified as possible sources of PM2.5-bound EPFRs. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that EPFRs might inhibit growth and induce oxidative stress in human lung cells, suggesting potential health concerns for the local population. The findings provide practical information for air pollution control and reducing public health risks in central China.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Chuqi Guo, Jennifer Richmond-Bryant
Summary: Long-lived EPFR exposures can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular effects, attributed to their ability to produce reactive oxygen species. Characterizing EPFR exposure and health impacts requires systematic analysis protocols. Solvent extraction methods for EPFR analysis show varying recovery results based on radical species and solvent structure.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuhan Zhu, Jia Wei, Jun Li
Summary: This research successfully oxidized As(III) to As(V) by using a biochar/persulfate system, reducing its toxicity. The study found a good linear relationship between environmental persistent free radicals and As(III) oxidation, suggesting their role in promoting the process.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuqing Ye, Yuan Li, Jie Wang, Shuai Yuan, Xiaojun Xu, Xinning Zhang, Junwen Zhou, Bo Wang, Xiaojie Ma
Summary: Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are important emerging contaminants with biological toxicity, environmental persistence, and global mobility. This study investigated the formation of EPFRs from the perspective of metal sites, focusing on the acidity and oxidation strength of metal cations. The findings suggest that high Lewis acidity of metal sites is crucial for EPFRs formation, while surface species may be a major contributor to EPFRs formation on metal oxides like Fe2O3.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sikandar Azam, Vasily Kurashov, John H. Golbeck, Sekhar Bhattacharyya, Siyang Zheng, Shimin Liu
Summary: Coal dust is a major hazardous pollutant in coal mining environment and contains environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs). This study used EPR spectroscopy to analyze EPFRs characteristics in different types of nano-size coal dust and compared their stability and EPR parameters. EPFRs in coal were found to be stable and mostly comprised of oxygenated carbon centered or carbon and oxygen centered free radicals. EPFRs concentration in coal dust was proportional to carbon content and inversely related to g-values. The characteristics of EPFRs in coal dust were similar to those found in other environmental pollutants. It is recommended to study the role of EPFR-loaded coal dust in inhalation toxicity.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yanzhuo Zhang, Mengqi Xu, Xiaoke Liu, Meng Wang, Jing Zhao, Shaoya Li, Muchen Yin
Summary: This study identified an environmentally friendly remediation approach using biochar to degrade quinolone antibiotics by activating oxidants. By adjusting the parameters of biochar preparation, the efficiency of environmentally persistent free radical generation can be enhanced. The results indicate that biochar activation of persulfate is a promising technique for antibiotic degradation.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dyussenova Ainur, Qingcai Chen, Yuqin Wang, Hao Li, Hao Lin, Xuying Ma, Xin Xu
Summary: The impact of COVID-19 control measures on air quality has been significant, but there is limited research on the toxicity of atmospheric particulate matter during the epidemic. This study found that PM2.5 concentration decreased by 48% during the city lockdown (CLD) in Xi'an, China. The concentrations of other air pollutants and components also decreased, except for O-3 which increased during CLD. The concentration of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in PM2.5 decreased by 12%, while oxidative potential (OP) slightly increased. The study suggests a need for further research on the health effects of EPFRs and OP, as well as the secondary processing of EPFRs and OP during lockdown periods.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jinfeng Zhao, Lin Shi, Wenyan Duan, Hao Li, Peng Yi, Wenmei Tao, Guofeng Shen, Shu Tao, Bo Pan, Baoshan Xing
Summary: Emission factors (EFs) for environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in PM2.5 from burning of different solid fuels vary significantly, with crop residue identified as the main contributor to EPFRs emissions in China. Provinces with higher equivalent cigarette numbers of EPFRs in PM2.5 are mainly agricultural areas, where rural residents tend to use readily available fuels. Additionally, EPFRs in PM2.5 collected during a 2-month photoaging were found to be more stable in particles with higher organic carbon contents.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Edita Baltrenaite-Gediene, Slawomir Lomnicki, Chuqi Guo
Summary: Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have detrimental effects on human health by inducing oxidative stress and promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in soil. These radicals can influence the transformation of contaminants and impact soil quality and human health.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Energy & Fuels
Angela Violi, Stephania Cormier, Brian Gullett, Stina Jansson, Slawo Lomnicki, Chloe Luyet, Andreas Mayer, Ralf Zimmermann
Summary: The 16th International Congress on Combustion By-Products and their Health Effects (PIC2019) discussed a wide range of topics related to combustion by-products, with support from various institutions, and featured special activities focusing on career development and round table discussions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xia Guan, Lisa Truong, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Robyn L. Tanguay, Stephania A. Cormier
Summary: EPFRs can induce developmental hazards in zebrafish embryos, with exposure to concentrations greater than 60 μg/mL of DCB-230 leading to high mortality. Additionally, TEMPOL shows a protective effect against the toxicity of EPFRs in zebrafish embryos.
Article
Cell Biology
Jiajun Liu, Shumin Li, Xuefeng Fei, Xi Nan, Yingying Shen, Huiqing Xiu, Stephania A. Cormier, Chaojie Lu, Chuqi Guo, Shibo Wang, Zhijian Cai, Pingli Wang
Summary: Exposure to particulate matter is associated with increased incidence of lung cancer and metastasis, with neutrophil recruitment playing a central role in promoting lung cancer metastasis. The study highlights the coordination between lung epithelial cells and neutrophils in promoting cancer metastasis in response to PM exposure.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luan D. Vu, Anh T. Q. Phan, Diego R. Hijano, David T. Siefker, Heather Tillman, Stephania A. Cormier
Summary: This study demonstrates that IL-1 beta positively regulates but is not required for RSV-induced expression of pulmonary IL-33 in neonatal mice, while IL-10 exacerbates IL-33-mediated immunopathogenesis upon reinfection. The findings suggest that targeting IL-33 may be a potential therapy for respiratory viral infections.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Jordy Saravia, Hongbo Chi
Summary: This study reveals that mTORC2 plays a crucial role in supporting the long-term survival of memory CD4(+) T cells by protecting them from a specific form of regulated cell death known as ferroptosis.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lavrent Khachatryan, Mohamad Barekati-Goudarzi, Rubik Asatryan, Andrew Ozarowski, Dorin Boldor, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Stephania A. Cormier
Summary: This study presents a detailed analysis of the formation of persistent radicals from hydrolytic lignin pyrolysis in a metal-free environment and explores their potential contribution to biomass burning. The study identifies a new type of metal-free environmentally persistent free radicals (bio-EPFRs) and suggests that they can be formed not only from lignin/biomass pyrolysis but also from various thermal processes in combustion reactors and media. The experimental results and potential energy surface analyses provide insights into the formation of C-and O-centered radicals during lignin gas-phase pyrolysis. The study also highlights the potential importance of bio-EPFRs in understanding the impacts of biomass burning.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rebecca C. Christofferson, Stephania A. Cormier
Summary: This article discusses the importance of disease prevention and response plans, emphasizing the need to not only focus on the emergence of novel pathogens, but also address the threats posed by already identified pathogens. It suggests adopting the concept of "Disease f(x)" to prioritize research and programmatic development.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra Noel, David G. Ashbrook, Fuyi Xu, Stephania A. Cormier, Lu Lu, James P. O'Callaghan, Shyam K. Menon, Wenyuan Zhao, Arthur L. Penn, Byron C. Jones
Summary: Air pollution, specifically diesel exhaust, is a major source of environmental health hazard. Recent studies have shown associations between exposures to diesel exhaust and neurological developmental disorders as well as neurodegeneration. This study investigates the effects of sub-chronic inhalation exposure to diesel exhaust on neuroinflammatory markers in two inbred mouse strains of both sexes. The results reveal differential strain-related effects of diesel exhaust on neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, highlighting the need for expanded studies on strain-related effects of diesel exhaust neurotoxicity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ayaho Yamamoto, Peter D. Sly, Keng Yih Chew, Lavrent Khachatryan, Nelufa Begum, Abrey J. Yeo, Luan D. Vu, Kirsty R. Short, Stephania A. Cormier, Emmanuelle Fantino
Summary: Epidemiological evidence shows a link between lower air quality and increased severity of COVID-19, but the mechanism is not yet understood. This study suggests that oxidative stress caused by air pollution could increase viral replication and inflammation in the nasal epithelium. The researchers found that exposure to an oxidant found in air pollution increased SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation-related gene expression, while antioxidant treatment reduced viral replication and inflammation. These findings indicate that oxidant damage to the respiratory epithelium may contribute to the association between poor air quality and increased COVID-19 severity.
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Luan D. Vu, Shonta Wallace, Anh T. Q. Phan, Rebecca C. Christofferson, Erik Turner, Sean Parker, Karen Elkind-Hirsch, Darrell Landry, Austin Stansbury, Rebecca Rose, David J. Nolan, Susanna L. Lamers, Michael Hirezi, Beverly Ogden, Stephania A. Cormier
Summary: Understanding the risk factors for breakthrough COVID-19 is crucial for policy-making. This study assessed the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine against the Delta variant and investigated breakthrough cases among vaccinated individuals. The study found that sex, age, history of vaccine reactions, and viral neutralization capacities are significant risk factors for breakthrough COVID-19. The study also supported the use of vaccine boosters to control the spread of future variants.
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Kerry M. Empey, Elizabeth D. Fixman, Stephania Cormier, Jay K. Kolls, Giovanni Piedimonte
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ankit Aryal, Alexandra Noel, Lavrent Khachatryan, Stephania A. Cormier, Pratiti H. Chowdhury, Arthur Penn, Tammy R. Dugas, Ashlyn C. Harmon
Summary: This study evaluates the cardiopulmonary effects of particulate matter containing environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and finds that these particles can cause both lung function decline and vascular dysfunction. Gene expression analysis reveals that lung AT2 cells are the primary target for EPFR activation, highlighting the importance of additional studies on the cardiopulmonary effects of EPFRs.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chuansheng Guo, Zhiyuan You, Hao Shi, Yu Sun, Xingrong Du, Gustavo Palacios, Cliff Guy, Sujing Yuan, Nicole M. M. Chapman, Seon Ah Lim, Xiang Sun, Jordy Saravia, Sherri Rankin, Yogesh Dhungana, Hongbo Chi
Summary: Cancer cells evade T cell-mediated killing through unknown mechanisms. Dendritic cells, especially type-1 conventional DCs, play a crucial role in T cell priming and therapeutic efficacy against tumors. The function of dendritic cells is orchestrated by pattern recognition receptors, but other signals involved are not fully defined. Nutrients have been identified as emerging mediators of adaptive immunity, but their impact on dendritic cell function and communication between innate and adaptive immune cells is still unclear.
Article
Immunology
Wei Su, Jordy Saravia, Isabel Risch, Sherri Rankin, Cliff Guy, Nicole M. Chapman, Hao Shi, Yu Sun, K. C. Anil, Wei Li, Hongling Huang, Seon Ah Lim, Haoran Hu, Yan Wang, Danting Liu, Yun Jiao, Ping-Chung Chen, Hadeer Soliman, Koon-Kiu Yan, Jonathan Zhang, Peter Vogel, Xueyan Liu, Geidy E. Serrano, Thomas G. Beach, Jiyang Yu, Junmin Peng, Hongbo Chi
Summary: In this study, brain-resident CD8(+) T cells coexpressing CXCR6 and PD-1 were identified in AD brains and found to restrict AD pathologies. CXCR6 orchestrates the accumulation and tissue residency of brain CD8(+) T cells by regulating their interaction with microglia.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Stephania A. Cormier, Ayaho Yamamoto, Kirsty R. Short, Luan Vu, William A. Suk
Summary: This article discusses the impact of exposure to airborne pollutants on the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection, and proposes the potential role of nutritional antioxidants in reducing disease severity.
ANNALS OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manigandan Nagarajan, Gobichettipalayam Balasubramaniam Maadurshni, Jeganathan Manivannan
Summary: This study found that exposure to BPA exacerbates hypertension-induced pathological changes, including renal fibrosis, oxidative stress, elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, dysfunction of antioxidant and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, tissue lipid abnormalities, and expression of inflammatory factors. In addition, high levels of BPA have dose-dependent effects on kidney cells, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, a precise investigation of BPA exposure in hypertensive populations is highly recommended during risk assessment.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haiping Bao, Qiang Zhang, Yu Li, Chen Nie
Summary: In this study, the role of circDLGAP4 in Parkinson's disease (PD) was investigated. The results showed that circDLGAP4 upregulated HMGA2 by recruiting EIF4A3, thus alleviating neuronal injury in PD.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lina Yang, Tianwei He, Yanming Yu
Summary: This study found that uric acid induces kidney injury by inducing IL-17 expression, and treatment with anti-IL-17 antibody can alleviate uric acid-induced kidney injury.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ediandra T. Castro, Amalia G. Alves, Daniela de Bittencourt Maia, Larissa S. Magalhaes, Mariana P. Paim, Filipe Penteado, Caroline S. Gomes, Eder J. Lenardao, Cesar A. Bruning, Cristiani F. Bortolatto
Summary: This study investigated the antioxidant activity and toxicity of selenium-containing compounds in liver tissue. The results showed that these compounds have potential antioxidant effects, which can be attributed to their ability to scavenge free radicals and mimic enzyme activity. Additionally, one of the compounds exhibited low toxicity.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY
(2024)
