Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sripriya Raja, Bennett Van Houten
Summary: SMUG1 is an important enzyme involved in base excision repair, with unique structure and mechanism that play a critical role in maintaining genome stability, and loss of its activity may promote cancer development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Gabriel L. A. Silva, Luiz R. O. Tosi, Richard McCulloch, Jennifer Ann Black
Summary: Cells activate and coordinate various DNA repair pathways in response to DNA lesions to preserve genome integrity, collectively known as the DNA damage response (DDR). Kinetoplastidae exhibit peculiarities in core biological processes, such as unique DNA repair pathways and multigenic transcription advantages. Recent studies have implicated ATR and ATM kinases in the DDR of kinetoplastid parasites, raising questions about the conservation and functions of DNA repair kinases in these organisms.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Jiale Li, Chang Xu, Qiang Liu
Summary: The transcription factor NRF2 is involved in various DNA repair pathways and plays a crucial role in maintaining genome stability. By understanding the links between NRF2 and DNA damage repair, attention can be drawn to its potential as a target for cancer therapy.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Jacob L. Perkins, Linlin Zhao
Summary: The presence of uracil in DNA triggers rapid removal by the uracil-DNA glycosylase superfamily of enzymes, initiating base excision repair. Human uracil-DNA glycosylase (hUNG) enzymes primarily accomplish uracil excision and play a vital role in somatic hypermutation for antibody diversity. hUNG has multiple isoforms, with hUNG1 and hUNG2 being the major isoforms. Subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions, and post-translational modifications within the N-terminal domain of hUNG are crucial for its functions and regulation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sayma Zahid, Murielle Seif El Dahan, Florence Iehl, Paloma Fernandez-Varela, Marie-Helene Le Du, Virginie Ropars, Jean Baptiste Charbonnier
Summary: DNA double-strand breaks are accidental lesions caused by various stresses and genetically programmed events. Most DSBs are repaired in mammalian cells through the classical nonhomologous end-joining pathway, with Ku playing a central role. In addition to its DNA repair function, Ku is involved in various other DNA metabolism processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Paulina Prorok, Inga R. Grin, Bakhyt T. Matkarimov, Alexander A. Ishchenko, Jacques Laval, Dmitry O. Zharkov, Murat Saparbaev
Summary: LUCA is believed to have evolved in high-temperature, oxygen-free conditions, facing threats such as DNA decay, cosmic radiation, and metabolic radicals. Ancient forms of life had only two repair mechanisms, which may have evolved early on to counteract DNA damage in response to increased oxygen levels.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Terence Gall-Duncan, Jennifer Luo, Carla-Marie Jurkovic, Laura A. Fischer, Kyota Fujita, Amit L. Deshmukh, Rachel J. Harding, Stephanie Tran, Mustafa Mehkary, Vanessa Li, David E. Leib, Ran Chen, Hikari Tanaka, Amanda G. Mason, Dominique Levesque, Mahreen Khan, Mortezaali Razzaghi, Tanya Prasolava, Stella Lanni, Nozomu Sato, Marie-Christine Caron, Gagan B. Panigrahi, Peixiang Wang, Rachel Lau, Arturo Lopez Castel, Jean-Yves Masson, Lynette Tippett, Clinton Turner, Maria Spies, Albert R. La Spad, Eric I. Campos, Maurice A. Curtis, Francois-Michel Boisvert, Richard L. M. Faull, Beverly L. Davidson, Masayuki Nakamori, Hitoshi Okazawa, Marc S. Wold, Christopher E. Pearson
Summary: Expansions of repeat DNA tracts can cause diseases and their progression in the brain. Two types of ssDNA-binding complexes, RPA and Alt-RPA, have different expressions and functions in the repair and expansion of slipped-DNAs, potentially impacting disease development.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yafen Wang, Xiong Zhang, Shaoqing Han, Wei Yang, Zonggui Chen, Fan Wu, Jizhou Liu, Xiaocheng Weng, Xiang Zhou
Summary: The study introduces Al-seq as a method to profile uracil at single-nucleotide resolution and show its centromeric enrichment, revealing the biological significance of uracil as an epigenetic modification derived from cytosine deamination.
ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mihyun Kim, Hyun-Suk Kim, Areetha D'Souza, Kaitlyn Gallagher, Eunwoo Jeong, Kateryna Ogorodnik Le Meur, Chi-Lin Tsai, Miaw-Sheue Tsai, Minyong Kee, John A. Tainer, Jung-Eun Yeo, Walter J. Chazin, Orlando D. Scharer
Summary: The XPA and RPA proteins play essential roles in the assembly of the preincision complex in the nucleotide excision repair pathway. Mutations in the interaction sites of XPA and RPA inhibit the physical interaction and reduce the NER activity. The interaction between XPA-N and RPA32C is important for the initial association of XPA with NER complexes, while the interaction between XPA DBD and RPA70AB is needed for structural organization of the complex to license the dual incision reaction. The shape of the NER bubble is not colinear as previously thought, but rather the unwound DNA assumes a U-shape with the junctions localized in close proximity. The interaction between XPA and RPA70 is key for the organization of the NER preincision complex.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ziqi Fu, Monica S. Guo, Weiqiang Zhou, Jie Xiao
Summary: This study examines the role of positive and negative supercoiling in the organization of the bacterial genome. The findings suggest that both types of supercoiling enhance spatial contact, with positive supercoiling playing a larger role. Additionally, the majority of supercoiling sites coincide with highly active transcription units.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Inna Vasil'eva, Nina Moor, Rashid Anarbaev, Mikhail Kutuzov, Olga Lavrik
Summary: The study found that PARP2 forms more dynamic complexes with other protein partners in base excision repair, and their stability is influenced by DNA intermediates. PARP2 demonstrates stronger self-regulation of PAR elongation at high PARP and NAD(+) concentrations compared to PARP1, and is more effectively inhibited by XRCC1.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Susan E. Tsutakawa, Altaf H. Sarker
Summary: The canonical role of DNA glycosylase is in repairing global base damage, but it also plays a role in epigenetic gene regulation, immune response modulation, replication, and transcription. In this issue of Structure, Eckenroth et al. (2020) reveal the structure of NEIL2 glycosylase, showing that its catalytic domain flexibility sets it apart from other glycosylases and implies novel regulatory mechanisms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yixin Xie, Chitra B. Karki, Jiawei Chen, Dongfang Liu, Lin Li
Summary: The study highlights the importance of uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) in cancer treatment and prevention, and utilizes multiple computational methods to analyze the characteristics and mechanisms of UDG in different perspectives.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Inga R. Grin, Daria V. Petrova, Anton V. Endutkin, Chunquan Ma, Bing Yu, Haiying Li, Dmitry O. Zharkov
Summary: Base excision DNA repair is an important pathway in safeguarding the genome of plants, and understanding their repair mechanisms is crucial for developing new crop varieties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia A. Torgasheva, Evgeniia A. Diatlova, Inga R. Grin, Anton V. Endutkin, Grigory V. Mechetin, Ivan P. Vokhtantsev, Anna V. Yudkina, Dmitry O. Zharkov
Summary: This review provides current knowledge on the functions and evolution of noncatalytic parts in DNA glycosylases, focusing primarily on human enzymes but also considering unique members from plants and prokaryotes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)