Article
Food Science & Technology
Jing Li, Saisai Feng, Leilei Yu, Jianxin Zhao, Fengwei Tian, Wei Chen, Qixiao Zhai
Summary: This study systematically discusses the immunomodulatory activities of cell-surface polysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bacteroides, including their mechanisms, synthesis, regulation, structure, and functional links. The research highlights the significant protective properties of these polysaccharides in immunocompromised diseases.
FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Daniel Hoces, Giorgia Greter, Markus Arnoldini, Melanie L. Staubli, Claudia Moresi, Anna Sintsova, Sara Berent, Isabel Kolinko, Florence Bansept, Aurore Woller, Janine Hafliger, Eric Martens, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt, Shinichi Sunagawa, Claude Loverdo, Emma Slack
Summary: This study used genetically barcoded Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strains to quantify population bottlenecks during colonization of the mouse gut. The results showed an inverse relationship between microbiota complexity and the colonization probability of wildtype B. theta clones. The polysaccharide capsule of B. theta is important for resistance against attacks, and the acapsular strain loses in competitive colonization.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhen Wang, Ana Poveda, Qingju Zhang, Luca Unione, Herman S. Overkleeft, Gijsbert A. van der Marel, Jimenez-Barbero Jesus, Jeroen D. C. Codee
Summary: Researchers have successfully synthesized a series of polysaccharide fragments with a unique structure that can activate T cells and bind to specific receptors. Detailed structural studies have revealed the secondary structure of these fragments, providing a basis for further understanding their mode of action.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Ennus K. Pathan, Bhaswati Ghosh, Ananda Rao Podilapu, Suvarn S. Kulkarni
Summary: The total synthesis of the repeating unit of Bacteroides fragilis zwitterionic polysaccharide A1 (PS A1) was achieved through efficient synthesis of D-galactosamine and AAT building blocks from cheap and abundant n-mannose, followed by highly stereoselective installation of all glycosidic bonds. This involved a 17-step longest linear sequence with an overall yield of 3.47%.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Tong Su, Rei Nakamoto, Ye-Yu Chun, Wan-Zhen Chua, Jia-Hui Chen, Justin J. Zik, Lok-To Sham
Summary: This review summarizes recent progress on elucidating the structure-function relationships of CPSs in Streptococcus pneumoniae, including their synthesis mechanisms, regulation, host immune responses, and vaccine development. Provisional models of unsolved CPS repeating units were generated based on genetic and structural information, and biosynthetic pathways of known CPSs were illustrated in a standardized format to facilitate cross-species comparisons. Studying the intricate steps of pneumococcal CPS assembly promises to provide novel insights for drug and vaccine development and enhance understanding of related pathways in other species.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huali Su, Qing Liu, Xiaoping Bian, Shifeng Wang, Roy Curtiss, Qingke Kong
Summary: The study focuses on developing a low-cost live vaccine against pneumococcal infections using the recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) system. Oral immunization with RASV-CPS strains elicited robust Th1-biased adaptive immune responses and provided efficient protection against S. pneumoniae challenge infections in mice. The synthesis and delivery of S. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides using the RASV strains offer an innovative strategy for low-cost pneumococcal vaccine development, production, and use.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Kathleen L. Arnolds, Eiko Yamada, C. Preston Neff, Jennifer M. Schneider, Brent E. Palmer, Catherine A. Lozupone
Summary: Bacterial zwitterionic capsular polysaccharides (ZPS) have been found to modulate host immune responses, including inducing anti-inflammatory T cells and regulatory cells. In this study, researchers discovered that ZPS-deficient strains of common gut commensals had a reduced ability to induce anti-inflammatory T cells and promote IL-10 production. Additionally, they found that ZPS may play a role in shifting macrophage cytokine responses to a more anti-inflammatory state.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Bishwa Raj Bhetuwal, Fenglang Wu, Padam Prasad Acharya, Prakash Thapa, Jianglong Zhu
Summary: Cesium carbonate-mediated stereoselective anomeric O-alkylation of a 2N,3O-oxazolidinone-protected d-mannosamine with sugar-derived primary or secondary alkyltriflates afforded the corresponding 2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-d-mannosides in moderate to good yields and excellent stereoselectivity. The oxazolidinone ring can be opened with aqueous alkali hydroxide to liberate the amine functionality. This method has been successfully applied to the synthesis of the trisaccharide repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae 19F polysaccharide.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Li Hao, Xin Shi, Shunwang Qin, Jiahong Dong, Huan Shi, Yuehua Wang, Yi Zhang
Summary: In this study, 25 DoSWEET genes were identified and analyzed in D. officinale. The research revealed the evolutionary relationship, conserved motifs, chromosomal location, and expression patterns of DoSWEETs. Different DoSWEET genes play different roles in sugar transport, and some genes are regulated under stress conditions. The correlation analysis and interaction network prediction provide a foundation for further functional verification.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Nicholas A. Pudlo, Eric C. Martens
Summary: Recent studies have identified a novel family of RNA-binding proteins in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron that play a crucial role in regulating genes involved in carbohydrate utilization and capsule expression.
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seongryong Kim, Hyun-Sup Song, Jihyun Yu, You-Me Kim
Summary: The MiT family proteins are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that play essential roles in regulating cellular functions. They are best known for their involvement in lysosome biogenesis and autophagy induction, while also having effects on cellular metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and stress responses. Each MiT family member plays distinct or redundant roles in different immune cell types, and there is still much to learn about their functions and regulatory mechanisms in host defense and inflammatory responses.
MOLECULES AND CELLS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Alejandro V. Villarino
Summary: T cells adapt their metabolism to meet the energetic and biosynthetic demands, which is controlled by cytokines such as PI3K-AKT, mTOR, ERK-MAPK pathways, and JAK-STAT signaling. This review discusses how JAK-STAT influences T cell metabolism, focusing on adaptations required for naive, effector, regulatory, memory, and resident-memory states. JAK-STAT has both direct and indirect effects, regulating metabolism-related genes and instructing genes encoding upstream or regulatory factors. Cytokines impact various metabolic processes, including lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide synthesis, glycolysis, glutaminolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Sai Ma, Bo Zhou, Qian Yang, Yunzhi Pan, Wei Yang, Stephen J. Freedland, Ling-Wen Ding, Michael R. Freeman, Joshua J. Breunig, Neil A. Bhowmick, Jian Pan, H. Phillip Koeffler, De-Chen Lin
Summary: The study identified a transcriptional feedback loop between MRTF (ELF3, KLF5, GATA6) and fatty acid synthesis in esophageal adenocarcinoma. The findings shed light on the crucial role of this mechanism in the development of the disease, suggesting a potential avenue for prevention and intervention by targeting key factors such as PPARG and ELF3.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yanchao Yuan, Hua Sun, Xinyu Wang, Linqiang Gao, Chunying Liu, Shupeng Gai, Yuxi Zhang
Summary: In this study, the transcriptome analysis of Paeonia ostii seeds at different stages was performed, and differentially expressed genes and transcription factors related to lipid metabolism, carbon partitioning, and oil biosynthesis energy provision were identified. LncRNA-mRNA pairs associated with FA synthesis and accumulation were also obtained. The expression of key genes and LncRNAs was validated, and the function and relationship of two genes were determined. The results provide important references for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of oil accumulation and cultivating new varieties with high oil seeds in tree peony.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nurver Ulger Toprak, Oncu Akgul, Huseyin Bilgin, Ayse Nilufer Ozaydin, Gulsen Altinkanat Gelmez, Elvan Sayin, Uluhan Sili, Volkan Korten, Guner Soyletir
Summary: The study aimed to determine the frequency and associated factors for intestinal colonization by carbapenem-non-susceptible BFG among adult patients hospitalized at intensive care units, neurosurgery and internal medicine wards. The results showed that factors such as hospital admission, history of antibiotic use (including carbapenems), colonization with other accompanying carbapenem-resistant Gram negative bacteria, and surgical operations were significantly associated with RCS-BFG colonization.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
