Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia Sanchez-Garrido, David Ruano-Gallego, Jyoti S. Choudhary, Gad Frankel
Summary: Recent studies have shown that T3SS effectors interact with each other in the host, revealing their interdependency and context-dependent essentiality, which is of great significance for understanding the pathogenesis of the pathogens.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marc-Andre Leblanc, Morgan R. Fink, Thomas T. Perkins, Marcelo C. Sousa
Summary: The study shows that effector proteins from certain bacteria can be injected into host cells through a type III secretion system. These proteins need to be partially unfolded to pass through the narrow channel. Mechanical unfolding of the proteins revealed that they exhibit low force and high mechanical compliance, facilitating efficient secretion.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manisha Yadav, Mahalashmi Srinivasan, Nikhil K. Tulsian, Yu Xuan Liu, Qingsong Lin, Ilan Rosenshine, J. Sivaraman
Summary: This study identified the specific interaction between CesT and its key effector, NleH2, and explored the potential role of NleH2 as a kinase for CesT phosphorylation. Effector proteins bind to CesT at the beta-sheet core and dimer interface, while the CsrA regulator interacts predominantly through the C-terminal region. NleH2 was found to remain an active kinase even in complex with CesT and is responsible for autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of CesT at Tyr153.
Article
Plant Sciences
Safirah Tasa Nerves Ratu, Atsushi Hirata, Christian Oliver Kalaw, Michiko Yasuda, Mitsuaki Tabuchi, Shin Okazaki
Summary: Bel2-5 in Bradyrhizobium elkanii interacts with host targets via multiple domains to execute both NF-independent symbiosis and nodulation restriction in Rj4 soybean.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brianna Steiert, Carolina M. Icardi, Robert Faris, Paige N. McCaslin, Parker Smith, Aloysius J. Klingelhutz, Peter M. Yau, Mary M. Weber
Summary: The centrosome is crucial for mitotic spindle assembly, chromosome segregation, and cell division. Infection by Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) leads to blocked cytokinesis, supernumerary centrosomes, and multipolar spindles, but the mechanisms behind these cellular abnormalities remain largely unknown. This study shows that the secreted effector protein CteG binds to CETN2 and is necessary for infection-induced centrosome amplification. These findings provide insights into C.t.-induced cellular abnormalities and its potential contribution to cancer risk.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Brian C. Mooney, Melissa Mantz, Emmanuelle Graciet, Pitter F. Huesgen
Summary: Pathogens and hosts are locked in an evolutionary arms race, with pathogen effectors targeting host proteins and host proteins evolving to sense and counteract these effectors. Type III effector proteases are common among bacterial pathogens and modify host proteins irreversibly. Studying effector proteases in plants provides insights into how pathogens evade host immune responses, and how hosts detect and defend against these effectors.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ines Serrano Pereira, Sara Vilela Pais, Vitor Borges, Maria Jose Borrego, Joao Paulo Gomes, Luis Jaime Mota
Summary: A study revealed that the CteG effector protein of Chlamydia trachomatis is involved in the lytic exit of host cells. Cells infected with wild-type C. trachomatis released more infectious chlamydiae in the culture supernatant compared to cells infected with a CteG-deficient strain. CteG also played a role in host cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, CteG and Pgp4 were found to participate in a cascade of events leading to host cell lysis and release of infectious chlamydiae.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pongdet Piromyou, Hien P. Nguyen, Pongpan Songwattana, Pakpoom Boonchuen, Kamonluck Teamtisong, Panlada Tittabutr, Nantakorn Boonkerd, Piyada Alisha Tantasawat, Michael Goettfert, Shin Okazaki, Neung Teaumroong
Summary: The symbiosis between Vigna radiata and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 is determined by the type III effector NopE, which triggers incompatibility with certain varieties of V. radiata but promotes nodulation in others. NopE is crucial for early infection and nodule organogenesis in compatible plants, and it is highly conserved among Bradyrhizobia and other plant-associated bacteria. The findings suggest that NopE may be used by V. radiata and B. diazoefficiens USDA110 to optimize their symbiotic interactions by suppressing salicylic acid biosynthesis and reducing phytohormone-mediated responses.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Sabine Drehkopf, Christian Otten, Daniela Buettner
Summary: This study reveals that the translocation of effector protein HpaA depends on the T3S substrate specificity switch protein HpaC, and requires a translocation motif (TrM). HpaB restricts the access of effectors to the secretion channel by generating a recognition site for TrM at the T3S system.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Catalina Rodriguez-Puerto, Rupak Chakraborty, Raksha Singh, Perla Rocha-Loyola, Clemencia M. Rojas
Summary: The plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) is capable of suppressing plant defense responses and promoting pathogenicity through its type III secretion system and a mitochondrial-localized effector, HopG1. HopG1 triggers necrotic cell death and interacts with a plant immunity-related protein, AtNHR2B, which attenuates its virulence functions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia Aguilera-Herce, Concepcion Panadero-Medianero, Maria Antonia Sanchez-Romero, Roberto Balbontin, Joaquin Bernal-Bayard, Francisco Ramos-Morales
Summary: Type III secretion systems are commonly found in many Gram-negative pathogens and symbionts. Salmonella enterica possess two type III secretion systems associated with virulence, one for host cell invasion and another for intracellular niche maintenance. This study investigates the biochemical function of the SrfJ effector and its impact on mammalian host cells. The results indicate that SrfJ acts as a glucosylceramidase, altering the lipidome and transcriptome of host cells, both in epithelial cells and macrophages during Salmonella infection. Furthermore, analysis of gene expression changes suggests that SrfJ may play a role in protecting Salmonella from host immune defenses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Dor Braverman, Jenia Gershberg, Neta Sal-Man
Summary: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a major cause of gastrointestinal illness in developing countries. In this study, the researchers investigated the role of transmembrane domain (TMD) in the secretion and function of translocated intimin receptor (Tir) in host cells. They found that the C-terminal TMD (TMD2) is critical for Tir to escape integration into the bacterial membrane, while the N-terminal TMD (TMD1) is important for Tir's postsecretion function in host cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amit Meir, Kevin Mace, Yogesh Vegunta, Sunanda M. Williams, Gabriel Waksman
Summary: This review provides an update on recent advances in substrate recruitment and delivery by recruitment platforms associated with Type III, IV, and VI secretion systems in gram-negative bacteria.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leang-Chung Choh, Guang-Han Ong, Eng-Guan Chua, Kumutha Malar Vellasamy, Vanitha Mariappan, Asif M. Khan, Micheal J. Wise, Kum-Thong Wong, Jamuna Vadivelu
Summary: The study on B.pseudomallei’s bapA gene knockout mutant indicates that the BapA T3SE plays a crucial role in the early stages of bacterial attachment and entry into host cells, with the mutant showing reduced phagocytosis and intracellular replication rates compared to the parental strain. Additionally, the mutant exhibits impaired cell-to-cell spreading capacity without affecting actin tail formation.
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Flavia Viana, Shruthi Sachidanandan Peringathara, Arshad Rizvi, Gunnar N. Schroeder
Summary: Proteases are powerful enzymes that irreversibly cleave peptide bonds to control critical cell fate decisions. Bacterial pathogens deliver protease effectors through secretion systems to manipulate host processes, with functional diversity reflecting adaptations to specific hosts. Emerging concepts like effector-triggered immunity provide insights into host defense against protease attacks.
CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)