Article
Microbiology
Chao Jiang, Miao Mei, Ying Liu, Min Hou, Jun Jiao, Ya Tan, Xu Tan
Summary: The arms race between viruses and their hosts has influenced their evolutionary history and genetic composition. Restriction factors encoded by host genomes serve as the first line of defense against viral infections and are conserved throughout evolution to protect hosts from diseases, death, and even extinction. Recently characterized human restriction factor PSGL-1 demonstrates antiviral function in mice, as shown in vitro and in a knockout mouse model. The interaction between PSGL-1 and glycogag/glycoMA proteins from murine leukemia virus (MLV) demonstrates evidence of positive selection, reflecting the evolutionary pressure between PSGL-1 and its antagonists.
Article
Hematology
Bandana Singh, Ramoji Kosuru, Sribalaji Lakshmikanthan, Mary Sorci-Thomas, David Zhang, Rodney Sparapani, Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar, Magdalena Chrzanowska
Summary: The study reveals that Rap1 can protect endothelial cells from atherosclerosis progression in the presence and absence of laminar flow, primarily through promoting NO release and restricting proinflammatory signaling.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jake R. Thomas, Anna Appios, Xiaohui Zhao, Roksana Dutkiewicz, Maria Donde, Colin Y. C. Lee, Praveena Naidu, Christopher Lee, Joana Cerveira, Bing Liu, Florent Ginhoux, Graham Burton, Russell S. Hamilton, Ashley Moffett, Andrew Sharkey, Naomi McGovern
Summary: Hofbauer cells are an important immune cell population found in the placenta, involved in placental angiogenesis and remodeling. Additionally, there is another population of maternal macrophages in the placenta that aid in surface repair.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Virology
Tomoyuki Murakami, Akira Ono
Summary: During assembly, nascent HIV-1 particles incorporate host transmembrane proteins, which play crucial roles in virus spread. These host proteins may act as either pro-viral factors or anti-viral proteins. The functions of some host proteins in CD4(+) T cells have also been elucidated.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pamela Alebna, Nasim Maleki
Summary: This study provides the first systematic and quantitative examination of allostatic load in migraine patients, revealing that women with migraines are more likely to experience higher levels of allostatic load than their non-migraine counterparts during perimenopausal transition. The findings suggest the need for new interventions aimed at modifying the levels of allostatic load biomarkers to reduce the burden of the disease.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Karla M. Viramontes, Emily N. Neubert, Julia M. DeRogatis, Roberto Tinoco
Summary: PSGL-1 plays multiple regulatory roles in exhausted T cells, limiting their expansion in tumors and persistently infected hosts. It is also necessary for the long-term maintenance and optimal differentiation of exhausted T cells into specific subsets. Additionally, PSGL-1 restrains the reinvigoration potential of exhausted CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during ICI therapy. Targeting PSGL-1 may have therapeutic potential alone or in combination with other ICIs to reinvigorate exhausted T cells in patients with chronic infections or cancer.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Julia M. DeRogatis, Karla M. Viramontes, Emily N. Neubert, Roberto Tinoco
Summary: PSGL-1, a molecule primarily involved in cellular migration, has been shown to function as a negative regulator of CD4(+) T cells in various diseases, including cancer. Blocking the PSGL-1 pathway on CD4(+) T cells may represent a new approach for cancer therapy to eradicate tumors.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Pelin Erkoc, Michaela Schmitt, Rebecca Ingelfinger, Iris Bischoff-Kont, Larissa Kopp, Helge B. Bode, Susanne Schiffmann, Robert Fuerst
Summary: Xcn2 exhibits significant pharmacological activity in vitro regarding inflammation and angiogenesis, inhibiting pro-inflammatory activation of endothelial cells and hindering pro-angiogenic processes in HUVECs. It also reduces viability, nitric oxide release, and iNOS expression in activated macrophages.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Khushboo Goel, Erica L. Beatman, Nicholas Egersdorf, April Scruggs, Danting Cao, Evgeny V. Berdyshev, Kelly S. Schweitzer, Irina Petrache
Summary: The destruction of alveoli by cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis is a major factor in the development of emphysema. However, while lung endothelial cells from chronic smokers show increased resistance to apoptosis, their decreased expression of S1P1 may impair their autophagic response.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Antonietta Maio, Maria Ida Maiorino, Miriam Longo, Lorenzo Scappaticcio, Vlenia Pernice, Paolo Cirillo, Paola Caruso, Vanda Amoresano Paglionico, Giuseppe Bellastella, Katherine Esposito
Summary: The study compared the levels of EPCs and sexual function changes during the menstrual cycle in women with T1DM and healthy women, finding lower EPCs levels and sexual function scores in diabetic women, particularly in the ovulatory phase.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Julia M. DeRogatis, Karla M. Viramontes, Emily N. Neubert, Monique L. Henriquez, Christian F. Guerrero-Juarez, Roberto Tinoco
Summary: Therapeutically targeting PSGL-1 can reinvigorate antitumor immunity by enhancing effector T-cell responses and reducing regulatory T cells, thus delaying tumor growth in a melanoma mouse model.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Denise Eckert, Felicitas Rapp, Ayele T. Tsedeke, Jessica Molendowska, Robert Lehn, Markus Langhans, Claudia Fournier, Franz Roedel, Stephanie Hehlgans
Summary: Low-dose irradiation has anti-inflammatory effects on endothelial cells, and the dose-effect relationship is non-linear. Laminar conditions contribute to increased expression of anti-oxidative factors and reduced intracellular ROS content, resulting in reduced leukocyte adhesion.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nikita G. Nikiforov, Dmitry V. Zlenko, Varvara A. Orekhova, Alexandra A. Melnichenko, Alexander N. Orekhov
Summary: The distribution of different types of atherosclerotic lesions in the arterial wall is characterized by a mosaic pattern, rather than a diffuse distribution. Multinucleated variant endothelial cells (MVECs) in the endothelial monolayer may be responsible for this distribution pattern. MVECs may participate in the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and recruitment of immune cells in the subendothelial layer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Sidney Yap, Jessica Luki, Christopher C. Hanstock, Peter Seres, Tami Shandro, Sarah E. C. Hanstock, Alynna Lirette, Huaying (Helen) Zhao, Katherine J. Aitchison, Jean-Michel Le Melledo
Summary: The study found that perimenopause is associated with decreases in MPFC Glu levels, which may contribute to the increased risk of experiencing depression during this period. Further research should focus on assessing MPFC Glu levels in perimenopausal women suffering from MD.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Catherine Kim
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in women and men with diabetes. Postmenopausal women with diabetes are at increased risk of coronary heart disease events due to age and worsened risk factors. Studies on the beneficial impact of estrogen therapy on cardiovascular disease markers and events are conflicting, and currently estrogen therapy is only recommended for symptom management.
DIABETES & METABOLISM JOURNAL
(2021)