Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. Awad, A. M. El Mezayen, S. M. El Alfi, H. H. Ali, M. I. Sayyed, M. Y. Hanfi
Summary: Multi-heavy mineral separation techniques were used to analyze beach sand and dune samples in East El-Arish area, North Sinai, Egypt. The results showed higher total heavy mineral content in beach sand, with main components being ilmenite and zircon.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. Awad, A. M. El Mezayen, S. M. El Alfi, H. H. Ali, M. I. Sayyed, M. Y. Hanfi
Summary: This study utilizes multi-heavy mineral separation techniques and mineralogical examinations to analyze the heavy minerals in the beach sand and dunes of East El-Arish area, North Sinai, Egypt. The results demonstrate that the beach sand has a higher enrichment of heavy minerals compared to the dunes, which can be attributed to the natural concentration of Mediterranean Sea currents.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jin-Sheng Zhou, Cheng-Cheng Huang, Qiang Wang, Zhong-Yuan Ren, Lin Ma, Lu-Lu Hao, Le Zhang
Summary: Constraints on mantle heterogeneity are crucial for understanding geochemical differentiation and recycling in the Earth's interior. This study provides insights into the mantle source of continental potassic alkali basalts through high-precision analyses of olivine phenocrysts and melt inclusions. The results suggest that the primary magmas were derived from a phlogopite-bearing pyroxenite source with peridotite residues, and the recycling of continental crustal material played a role in enriching the mantle source.
JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Caroline Neh Ngwa, Bless Ngwa Shu, Benoit Joseph Mbassa
Summary: Compositions of clinopyroxenes and spinels from the ocean/continent boundary of the Cameroon Line show that the spinels are predominantly chromites, with specific chemical characteristics. The lack of systematic correlation between the spinel compositions and their positions in the host olivine phenocrysts suggests a quenching nature of the rocks. Additionally, the clinopyroxenes exhibit variations in trace elements, indicating a possible genetic relation between the samples.
JOURNAL OF AFRICAN EARTH SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pablo Alonso Gonzalez, Eva Parga-Dans, Paula Arribas Blazquez, Octavio Perez Luzardo, Manuel Luis Zumbado Pena, Maria Mercedes Hernandez Gonzalez, Angel Rodriguez-Hernandez, Carmelo Andujar
Summary: The study found that organic wines tend to have lower potential toxic element content compared to conventional wines. The geographical origin of the wine samples was the significant variable differentiating composition profiles. Differences between organic and conventional wines in terms of elemental composition need further investigation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Morgane M. G. Perron, Bernadette C. Proemse, Michal Strzelec, Melanie Gault-Ringold, Andrew R. Bowie
Summary: This study reports the first atmospheric measurements of iron concentration and solubility near and downwind of the Heard and McDonald Islands on the Kerguelen plateau, highlighting the significant impact of volcanic emissions on the iron supply to marine ecosystems.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
A. V. Volkov, A. G. Pilitsyn, V. Yu. Prokofiev, A. A. Dolomanova-Topol, K. Yu. Murashov
Summary: This paper examines the conditions for the formation of dominantly silver mineralization in different regions, providing new data on the composition of ore-bearing metasomatites, trace element concentrations, and thermometric and cryometric studies. The results suggest that the mineralization belongs to an intermediate sulfidation epithermal class, with andesite magmas and meteoric waters as the likely sources of fluids. This information is important for predictive metallogenetic constructions and the search for epithermal Au-Ag deposits.
JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Andrea Macchia, Sara Capriotti, Laura Rivaroli, Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo, Mauro Francesco La Russa
Summary: This study assessed the performance of anti-graffiti coatings on quartz artwork paints. The results demonstrated that the tested products showed good water repellency efficacy and are suitable for the protection of urban art, although at least two applications are needed to achieve good performance.
Article
Archaeology
Simone Dilaria, Michele Secco, Marina Rubinich, Jacopo Bonetto, Domenico Miriello, Donatella Barca, Gilberto Artioli
Summary: This study provides a detailed insight into the composition and properties of structural mortars used in a 4th-century AD bath complex in Aquileia. The analysis revealed outstanding properties of the compounds, such as waterproofing capabilities and lightweight of the vaults. The findings demonstrate the technical expertise of local artisans in Aquileia and challenge the perception of the Cisalpina province as a peripheral reality in the Roman Empire in terms of mortar-based materials.
GEOARCHAEOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Anna Maria De Francesco, Antonio La Marca, Carmelo Colelli, Donatella Barca
Summary: This study reports the chemical characteristics and sources of 17 glass finds from the Muricelle archaeological site in Calabria, Italy. The glasses analyzed had a soda-lime-silica composition and could be divided into three compositional groups. Two groups were primarily sourced from the Levant region, while the third group was obtained through recycling and mixing of glass from both the Levant and Egypt.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Natalia Rovella, Stefania Bosco, Donatella Barca
Summary: This study characterizes six white marble samples from the altar of San Domenico Church to determine their origin. The results provide valuable information about the history of the architectural complex.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Giovanni Floridia, Salvatore Urso, Giuseppe Maria Belfiore, Marco Viccaro
Summary: This study evaluates the use of carbon fiber as a filling additive in geothermal systems to improve efficiency and promote sustainable waste management. The results show that the addition of 5% carbon fiber improves thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the grout mixture. This research provides essential elements for the development of a circular economy and has implications for economic development and waste management.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Francesco Zuccarello, Federica Schiavi, Marco Viccaro
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between explosive intensity and decompression rates in volcanic eruptions. The results suggest that degassing kinetics play a key role in controlling the intensity of activity at Mt. Etna.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Giovanni Floridia, Mauro Cacace, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Judith Bott, Marco Viccaro
Summary: The study reconstructed the present-day lithospheric state of Sicily and quantified its thermal regime at shallow and intermediate depths through 3D modeling. It was found that the thermal field is mainly controlled by sedimentary thickness in shallower depths and by heat transfer from the mantle and radiogenic heat production in deeper layers. The modeling revealed a heterogeneous Moho heat flow with specific areas characterized by high-to-medium enthalpy geothermal potential.
GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Roberto Visalli, Marisa Giuffrida, Marco Viccaro
Summary: The Quantitative X-Ray Map Analyzer software was used to process the images of intertwined pumices and scoriae from the 2019 paroxysmal eruptions of Stromboli. The software allowed for quantitative documentation of the texture and composition variations of these products, reducing the time required for analysis and data processing. The method utilized Principal Components Analysis and supervised Maximum Likelihood Classification to handle the X-ray elemental maps at the millimeter scale, producing high-contrast colored images that classified rock constituents and imaged chemical variations within the glass.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Maria Antonietta Zicarelli, Mauro Francesco La Russa, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Salvatore Schiavone, Raffaella Greca, Paola Pogliani, Michela Ricca, Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo
Summary: In this study, the wall painting in the apse of the Sotterra church in Italy was analyzed using a diagnostic approach. The oldest painting, dating back to the 11th-12th centuries, was the focus of the study. Noninvasive analysis and laboratory-based methods were used to determine the composition of materials and the causes of alterations affecting the wall painting. Additionally, an environmental monitoring campaign was conducted to assess the indoor climate. The results revealed the use of natural mineral pigments and the presence of calcium sulfate, which contributed to the understanding of crystallization and condensation risks.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Claudia Deias, Adriano Guido, Rossana Sanfilippo, Carmine Apollaro, Rocco Dominici, Mara Cipriani, Donatella Barca, Giovanni Vespasiano
Summary: The polychaete worm Sabellaria alveolata builds aggregates of tubes by agglutinating sands using glue. These bioconstructions are fragile habitats hosting numerous organisms and playing a vital ecological role. A study on bioconstructions in three Sicilian sites investigated the link between reef status and environmental parameters through a geochemical comparison of biocement tube portions and the surrounding waters.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariacristina Filice, Francesca Romana Reinero, Maria Carmela Cerra, Caterina Faggio, Francesco Luigi Leonetti, Primo Micarelli, Gianni Giglio, Emilio Sperone, Donatella Barca, Sandra Imbrogno
Summary: Marine pollution from anthropogenic sources poses a growing problem for natural species. Sharks, being top predators and consuming polluted animals, are at risk of water contamination and subsequent bioaccumulation and biomagnification. The present study investigated the accumulation of trace elements and their potential impact on oxidative processes in the muscle of the lesser spotted dogfish. The results indicated that trace element accumulation in sharks may disrupt oxidant and antioxidant processes, with significant implications for their physiology and health.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Giorgio Costa, Luigi Mereu, Michele Prestifilippo, Simona Scollo, Marco Viccaro
Summary: Between 2020 and 2022, there were more than sixty lava fountains at Mt. Etna, Italy, resulting in high eruption columns and falling ballistics. This study focuses on the fallout of ballistics after a lava fountain event in February 2022, specifically in the tourist area of the Barbagallo Craters. Field data and laboratory analyses were conducted to determine the size, shape, and density of the ballistics, which were then compared with results from the 'Eject!' calculator. This research aims to assess the hazard of ballistics during Etna lava fountains in near real-time.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Marisa Giuffrida, Massimiliano Cardone, Francesco Zuccarello, Marco Viccaro
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive petrological investigation of the eruptions at the South East Crater of Mt. Etna from December 2020 to February 2022. By combining thermodynamic modeling and micro-analytical data, the study provides insights into the physical and chemical conditions of magmas involved and the dynamics of magma movements within the volcano's plumbing system. The results suggest changes in storage conditions and transfer dynamics, with the 2020-22 eruptions being fed by the most mafic magma in the last decade. The study also highlights the recurrent trend of replenishment by volatile-rich magmas from the deepest levels of the plumbing system at Mt. Etna over the past ten years.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Marika Luci, Filomena De Leo, Donatella De Pascale, Christian Galasso, Mauro Francesco La Russa, Sandra Lo Schiavo, Michela Ricca, Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo, Nadia Ruocco, Clara Urzi
Summary: The biodeterioration of stone surfaces can be a threat to the conservation of built heritage. Recently, the use of surfactant ionic liquids has been shown to have biocidal and antifouling effects on stone. However, little information is currently available on the morphological and physical properties of such coatings. In this study, the physical characterization of coatings based on an ionic liquid was examined. The results showed that the behavior of the coating depended on the binder used, and the coatings exhibited good resistance to degradation agents.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo, Mauro Francesco La Russa, Natalia Rovella, Michela Ricca
Summary: Air pollution, particularly sulfur and nitrogen oxides, can erode stone materials used in monuments and buildings, leading to the development of black crusts that compromise their integrity and appearance. This review focuses on the characteristics of black crusts and their relationship with the environment and stone materials.
Article
Anthropology
Julia Becher, Alex Schoeman, Gavin Whitelaw, Stephen Buckley, Jean-Pierre Celliers, Sara Cafisso, Matthias Belser, Maxime Rageot, Cynthianne Spiteri
Summary: This study represents the first application of Organic Residue Analysis (ORA) to southern African early farming pottery to gain a deeper understanding of past human behavior and subsistence patterns. The study found evidence of dairy processing and multi-purpose functionality of the ceramics. It also discovered potential medicinal use and the involvement of dung in pottery sealing and mending.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Jon Clindaniel, Matthew Magnani
Summary: Large sources of digital trace data have become important in the study of material culture. The authors introduce a computational method to observe digital formation processes and highlight the importance of accounting for these processes in studies utilizing digital trace data.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Rebecca A. G. Reid, Miranda M. E. Jans, Lesley A. Chesson, Rebecca J. Taylor, Gregory E. Berg
Summary: Chemical treatment of skeletal remains can reduce overall DNA quality and quantity but has no significant impact on stable isotope ratio analysis. Examination of treated and untreated human remains through histological and stable isotope analysis reveals that treated remains exhibit better preservation compared to untreated remains. Stable isotope ratio analysis is viable for both treated and untreated remains, regardless of their origin.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Laura Tome, Eneko Iriartec, Antonio Blanco-Gonzalez, Margarita Jambrina-Enriquez, Natalia Eguez, Antonio V. Herrera-Herrera, Carolina Mallola
Summary: This paper presents the outcomes of a microcontextual geoarchaeological study conducted on earthen dwellings from the Early Iron Age village of Cerro de San Vicente. The study employed soil micromorphology, lipid biomarker analysis, XRD, and XRF analyses to investigate various aspects of the dwellings, including construction materials, site formation processes, and daily life practices. The results have shed light on the construction layers, floor use, maintenance, repaving, periods of abandonment and decay, and the presence of lipid biomarkers associated with dwelling functionality. The study significantly contributes to our understanding of ancient construction practices and the utilization of domestic spaces during the Early Iron Age.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
