Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Katrina Merkies, Yuliia Sudarenko, Abigail J. Hodder
Summary: This study found that ponies are able to distinguish facial expressions presented by live actors. They prefer to look at angry expressions and tend to use their left eye when facing anger, while they use their right eye when facing joy. Ponies with more experience in lessons have lower heart rates and lower head carriage, but also exhibit more oral behaviors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Naoki Morimoto, Mikaze Kawada, Yuma Tomizawa, Akihisa Kaneko, Takeshi Nishimura
Summary: Human pelvic morphology shows sexual dimorphism that is most pronounced during peak fertility and becomes less marked during menopause. This study investigates pelvic development in Japanese macaques and finds that their pelvic morphology changes throughout adulthood, potentially adjusting to the higher obstetrical risks at advanced ages.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
G. P. Bighetti, J. A. Padilha, L. S. T. Cunha, D. Kasper, O. Malm, P. L. Mancini
Summary: The study found that sexual size dimorphism in seabirds does not affect mercury concentrations in tissues, with females and males having similar THg concentrations. Brown booby juveniles have lower THg and MeHg concentrations compared to adults due to shorter exposure time to mercury.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jose Devis-Devis, Sofia Pereira-Garcia, Alexandra Valencia-Peris, Anna Vilanova, Javier Gil-Quintana
Summary: LGBT harassment disparities exist, with significant differences in age, gender identity, sexual orientation, and contexts of harassment. Harassment primarily occurs in educational environments and public spaces. Transgender individuals are particularly susceptible to harassment.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Biology
David Elkind, Hannah Hochgerner, Etay Aloni, Noam Shental, Amit Zeisel, Tali Kimchi
Summary: Researchers used the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity project's images to systematically characterize cell density and volume in the mouse brain. They discovered that overall brain volume does not uniformly expand across all regions and that region-specific density changes are often negatively correlated with region volume. They also found that cell count does not scale linearly with volume.
Article
Biology
Ragda Alamoudi, Mohammed Ghamri, Ilias Mistakidis, Nikolaos Gkantidis
Summary: Sexual dimorphism in patterns and severity of third molar agenesis was investigated in non-syndromic white European individuals. No sexual dimorphism was found in the patterns or severity of third molar agenesis within groups. Both sexes showed a higher number of third molar agenesis in the group with other teeth agenesis. Bilateral third molar agenesis was more frequent in this group compared to the group without other teeth agenesis. These findings suggest strong genetic control of tooth formation and no sex-related differences in third molar agenesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tania Amaro-Sanchez, Gloria Ruiz-Guzman, Salvador Hernandez-Martinez, Indrikis Krams, Markus J. Rantala, Jorge Contreras-Garduno
Summary: Hormones, particularly juvenile hormone (JH), have an impact on the immune response of insects, but the specific effects depend on factors such as sex, reproductive state, and type of immune challenge. In this study, Tenebrio molitor and JH analog methoprene were used to investigate these relationships. The results indicate that JH does not affect larval immune parameters such as proPO, PO activity, and hemocyte number, but it does impact the immune response, adult development, and sex. The influence of JH on the immune response is complex and influenced by various factors.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Lauren Swift, Zuzana Obertova, Daniel Franklin
Summary: The ability to accurately differentiate individuals based on their biological sex is crucial for anthropological assessment. However, the lack of population-specific standards poses challenges for forensic anthropological assessments in specific jurisdictions. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of established cranial sex estimation methods from geographically distinct populations when applied to the contemporary Australian population. The findings highlight the importance of using statistical models developed from a population consistent with the decedent's for sex estimation in forensic casework.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Berenice Palacios-Gonzalez, Guadalupe Leon-Reyes, Berenice Rivera-Paredez, Isabel Ibarra-Gonzalez, Marcela Vela-Amieva, Yvonne N. Flores, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros, Jorge Salmeron, Rafael Velazquez-Cruz
Summary: This study aims to investigate the sex-specific serum modifications of amino acids and acylcarnitines (ACs) and their relationship with MetS in the Mexican population. The findings show that a serum amino acid signature (citrulline and glycine) and medium-chain ACs (AC14:1, AC10, and AC18:10H) are associated with MetS. Glycine and AC10 are specific metabolites for discrimination based on sex-dependent MetS. Additionally, glycine and short-chain ACs (AC2, AC3, and AC8:1) are associated with age-dependent MetS.
Article
Fisheries
Annika Boussard, Stephanie Edlund, Stephanie Fong, David Wheatcroft, Niclas Kolm
Summary: Over recent decades, substantial research has focused on fish cognitive evolution. One important but understudied aspect is sexual dimorphism in cognitive abilities. This study investigates whether increases in telencephalon size affect cognitive abilities differently in males and females. The results suggest no clear sex-specific effects in response to selection of telencephalon size.
Article
Neurosciences
Larissa Campista Lana, Tetsu Hatsukano, Kazuhiro Sano, Mariko Nakata, Sonoko Ogawa
Summary: Estrogen receptors (ER alpha and ER beta) play a crucial role in regulating socio-sexual behaviors and organizing sex-specific neural networks in the developing brain. However, the changes in distribution patterns of ER alpha and ER beta throughout life are not well understood. This study used genetically modified ER beta-RFPtg mice to investigate the distribution of ER alpha, ER beta, and their colocalization in specific brain regions from postnatal days (PD) 0 to 56. The results showed that the expression of ER alpha increased in females after PD14 in all brain regions, while the expression pattern of ER beta-RFP varied among the regions.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Song Guo, Shuyun Huang, Xi Jiang, Haiyang Hu, Dingding Han, Carlos S. Moreno, Genevieve L. Fairbrother, David A. Hughes, Mark Stoneking, Philipp Khaitovich
Summary: The study revealed that miRNA expression in human placental samples is influenced by population affiliation and fetal sex, with male-associated miRNA differences leading to the inhibition of target gene expression in specific functional pathways. Population-driven miRNA differences may represent neutral changes with minimal functional impacts.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar, Melek Umay Tuz-Sasik, Michelle M. Adams
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of environmental enrichment on cognitive function and synaptic dynamics in aging animals. Results indicated that environmental enrichment can increase brain volume in aged animals and prevent declines in synaptic proteins, glutamate receptor subunits, and neuronal markers.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Jun-Sheng Niu, Tao Wang, Zhi Li, Zhong-Wei Wang, Miao Ding, Ming-Tao Wang, Zong-Qiang Lian, Jie Mei, Yang Wang, Li Zhou, Xiao-Juan Zhang, Jian-Fang Gui, Xi-Yin Li
Summary: The Lanzhou catfish, a fish species with distinct sexual dimorphism, was used to study the potential for improved aquaculture through breeding of monosexual populations. Genetic analyses and self-fertilization techniques were employed to produce an all-male population with XY sex chromosomes, saving time and avoiding hormone treatment compared to traditional methods. The all-male population showed enhanced growth performance, highlighting its potential for catfish aquaculture development.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Tomas arnason, Heiodis Smaradottir, Helgi Thorarensen, Agnar Steinarsson
Summary: The effects of early thermal environment on growth, age at maturity, and sexual size dimorphism in Arctic charr were investigated. The study found that higher temperatures increased growth rates but also caused precocious sexual maturation and reduced long-term growth performance. Furthermore, elevated temperatures had a stronger impact on female maturity incidence and were positively associated with sexual size dimorphism.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Correction
Anthropology
D. Fremondeau, T. Cucchi, F. Casabianca, J. Ughetto-Monfrin, M. -p. Horard-Herbin, M. Balasse
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Dimitri Neaux, Hugo Harbers, Barbara Blanc, Katia Ortiz, Yann Locatelli, Anthony Herrel, Vincent Debat, Thomas Cucchi
Summary: Deciphering the nonheritable changes induced by human control over wild animals in the archeological record is challenging. This study investigated the influence of captive environment on the morphological structures of wild boar using an experimental approach. The results showed that captivity has an impact on the craniomandibular structures, with wild specimens being smaller than captive individuals at similar ages. The calcaneus presented a different pattern of plasticity, with captive and wild individuals differing in form but not in size. These findings have important implications for bioarchaeological approaches.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
He Yu, Alexandra Jamieson, Ardern Hulme-Beaman, Chris J. Conroy, Becky Knight, Camilla Speller, Hiba Al-Jarah, Heidi Eager, Alexandra Trinks, Gamini Adikari, Henriette Baron, Beate Boehlendorf-Arslan, Wijerathne Bohingamuwa, Alison Crowther, Thomas Cucchi, Kinie Esser, Jeffrey Fleisher, Louisa Gidney, Elena Gladilina, Pavel Gol'din, Steven M. Goodman, Sheila Hamilton-Dyer, Richard Helm, Chris Hillman, Nabil Kallala, Hanna Kivikero, Zsofia E. Kovacs, Guenther Karl Kunst, Rene Kysely, Anna Linderholm, Boutheina Maraoui-Telmini, Nemanja Markovic, Arturo Morales-Muniz, Mariana Nabais, Terry O'Connor, Tarek Oueslati, Erendira M. Quintana Morales, Kerstin Pasda, Jude Perera, Nimal Perera, Silvia Radbauer, Joan Ramon, Eve Rannamae, Joan Sanmarti Grego, Edward Treasure, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Inge van der Jagt, Wim Van Neer, Jean-Denis Vigne, Thomas Walker, Stephanie Wynne-Jones, Jorn Zeiler, Keith Dobney, Nicole Boivin, Jeremy B. Searle, Ben Krause-Kyora, Johannes Krause, Greger Larson, David Orton
Summary: The distribution of black rats in Europe was influenced by human association. Research shows that black rats were introduced into Europe twice during the Roman and medieval periods, and there was a population turnover in temperate Europe between the 6th and 10th centuries CE.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alessandra Cianciosi, Sasa Caval, Diego Calaon, Krish Seetah
Summary: This study presents an integrated approach to examine the impact of health management on immigrant health conditions during the colonial period in the Indian Ocean. By reconstructing the spatial organization and built landscape of the quarantine station on Flat Island, the study assesses the effectiveness of public health practices promoted by European colonizers.
Article
Ecology
Krish Seetah, Stefania Manfio, Andrea Balbo, R. Helen Farr, F. B. Vincent Florens
Summary: The paper focuses on the colonization of Mauritius and its impact on the local ecosystem. It proposes a theoretical framework for historical ecological investigations and reviews existing literature in various fields. By studying paleoecology, paleoclimatology, archeology, and history, the paper aims to create a nuanced chronology of environmental degradation caused by human colonization, which is crucial for informing contemporary ecological conservation efforts.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Archaeology
Camille Bader, Christophe Mallet, Jwana Chahoud, Agraw Amane, Bea De Cupere, Remi Berthon, Franck Lavenne, Azadeh Mohaseb, Hossein Davoudi, Moussab Albesso, Homa Fathi, Manon Vuillien, Josephine Lesur, Daniel Helmer, Lionel Gourichon, Olivier Hanotte, Marjan Mashkour, Emmanuelle Vila, Thomas Cucchi
Summary: This study explored the biological morphology of petrous bones from modern populations of wild and domestic sheep. The researchers found that the 3D form of petrous bones can accurately distinguish between different caprine taxa and is not affected by sexual dimorphism or aging. They also discovered that genetic distance and climate differences contribute to intraspecific variation in sheep landraces/breeds. The study suggests the use of 3D surface modeling and GMM studies to reduce the need for destructive biomolecular analyses of archaeological petrosa.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Muhammad Bilal Sharif, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Michaela Isabell Zimmermann, Simon Trixl, Konstantina Saliari, Guenther Karl Kunsth, Thomas Cucchi, Sigrid Czeika, Marjan Mashkour, Ludovic Orlando, Katrin Schaefer, Joris Peters, Elmira Mohandesan
Summary: This study reveals the economic and military significance of horse and donkey hybrids in the northern regions of the Roman Empire, using morphological identification and ancient DNA analysis. It identifies mandibular premolar teeth as the most accurate element for classification in future zooarchaeological studies.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Margot Louail, Laurent Caner, Dimitri Neaux, Katia Ortiz, Yann Locatelli, Thomas Cucchi
Summary: Dental microwear is a useful tool for studying the diet and dental evolution of mammals. However, the impact of exogenous mineral particles on dental wear is still a challenge. This study conducted a controlled-food experiment on wild boars to investigate the effects of soil ingestion on dental microwear. The results showed that soil ingestion resulted in less rough, simpler, and more anisotropic wear surfaces.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHOD AND THEORY
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Abel Moclan, Angel C. Dominguez-Garcia, Emmanuelle Stoetzel, Thomas Cucchi, Paloma Sevilla, Cesar Laplana
Summary: Taxonomic identification of fossils based on morphology is a key step in palaeontological studies. Machine Learning techniques have been shown to be powerful statistical approaches for analyzing quantitative morphometric data. In this study, Machine Learning algorithms were applied to two-dimensional geometric morphometric data of Mus spp. molars, demonstrating their effectiveness in taxonomic identification.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Archaeology
Manon Le Neun, Elise Dufour, Nicolas Goepfert, Dimitri Neaux, Jane C. Wheeler, Hugo Yacobaccio, Guillermo Luis Mengoni Gonalons, Dolores Elkin, Alejandra Gasco, Thomas Cucchi
Summary: South American Camelids (SAC) played a significant role in the pre-Hispanic Andean societies and are still important for rural Andean communities. However, the lack of reliable taxonomic identification of SAC archaeological remains hampers our understanding of their specific role and function over time. This study explores the taxonomic potential of a multivariate morphometrics method using a machine learning approach, but the distinction between domestic forms and their wild relatives remains tentative. Further improvements are needed to enhance the classification accuracy.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
T. Cucchi, H. Harbers, D. Neaux, M. Balasse, L. Garbe, D. Fiorillo, H. Bocherens, D. Drucker, C. Zanolli, R. Cornette, R. M. Arbogast, S. Brehard, A. Bridault, L. Gourichon, J. Guilaine, C. Manen, T. Perrin, R. Schafberg, A. Tresset, J. D. Vigne, A. Herrel
Summary: Evolutionary biologists seek the help of archaeologists to understand the morphological evolution of animals in response to human activities. The impact of domestication and dispersal on animal morphology has been understudied.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Archaeology
Juliette Milon, Charlene Bouchaud, Christopher Viot, Michel Lemoine, Thomas Cucchi
Summary: The study examined the taxonomic signal of cotton seeds at the interspecific level and the impact of carbonization on this signal. Linear measurements and geometric morphometrics (GM) were used to compare modern dried cotton seeds and experimentally charred seeds. The results show that the outline form of the seeds provides more accurate taxonomic discrimination than linear measurements, and high-temperature carbonization does not significantly deform the shape of the seeds.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Manon Le Neun, Elise Dufour, Antoine Zazzo, Olivier Tombret, Francois Thil, Jane C. Wheeler, Thomas Cucchi, Nicolas Goepfert
Summary: This study revises the chronological framework of the Telarmachay rockshelter, a key site in the Andean highlands, by conducting a new AMS dating program. The results provide a greater than 5000 year sequence of occupation and highlight the importance of the Junin area in the Andean highland occupation sequence. It emphasizes the need for new radiocarbon dates to reassess previous data and directly date artifacts.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Archaeology
Jean-Denis Vigne, Thomas Cucchi, Maria Rousou, Salvador Bailon, Isabelle Carrere, Benoit Devillers, Carolyne Douche, Lionel Gourichon, Angelos Hadjikoumis, Pantelitsa Mylona, Katerina Papayianni, Andrea Pares, Margareta Tengberg, Antoine Zazzo, Jean Guilaine, Francois Briois
Summary: In the last 30 years, the interdisciplinary approach and analytical tools used in the Amathous region in Cyprus have generated a substantial amount of archaeological, geoarchaeological, and bioarchaeological data. These data have greatly contributed to understanding the interactions between early Neolithic human societies and the environment and natural resources of an isolated island during a period of significant changes. The paper reviews hydrological changes, plant and vertebrate faunal evolution, domestication of animals, and cultivation and breeding practices, providing insights into the incipient human niche construction in the Eastern Mediterranean region.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Marine
Shameelah A. H. Mamode, Hemanaden Runghen, Sivanee Munnaroo, Dass Bissessur, Priscilla Coopen, Yann von Arnim, Stefania Manfio, Krish Seetah, Beenesh A. Motah, Rezah Badal
Summary: The maritime zones of the Republic of Mauritius bear evidence of its rich history, including shipwrecks from naval battles and inclement weather conditions. The MUCH Project aims to manage and preserve the underwater cultural heritage sites through geophysical surveys and the use of a geographical information system.
Article
Anthropology
Julia Becher, Alex Schoeman, Gavin Whitelaw, Stephen Buckley, Jean-Pierre Celliers, Sara Cafisso, Matthias Belser, Maxime Rageot, Cynthianne Spiteri
Summary: This study represents the first application of Organic Residue Analysis (ORA) to southern African early farming pottery to gain a deeper understanding of past human behavior and subsistence patterns. The study found evidence of dairy processing and multi-purpose functionality of the ceramics. It also discovered potential medicinal use and the involvement of dung in pottery sealing and mending.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Jon Clindaniel, Matthew Magnani
Summary: Large sources of digital trace data have become important in the study of material culture. The authors introduce a computational method to observe digital formation processes and highlight the importance of accounting for these processes in studies utilizing digital trace data.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Rebecca A. G. Reid, Miranda M. E. Jans, Lesley A. Chesson, Rebecca J. Taylor, Gregory E. Berg
Summary: Chemical treatment of skeletal remains can reduce overall DNA quality and quantity but has no significant impact on stable isotope ratio analysis. Examination of treated and untreated human remains through histological and stable isotope analysis reveals that treated remains exhibit better preservation compared to untreated remains. Stable isotope ratio analysis is viable for both treated and untreated remains, regardless of their origin.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Laura Tome, Eneko Iriartec, Antonio Blanco-Gonzalez, Margarita Jambrina-Enriquez, Natalia Eguez, Antonio V. Herrera-Herrera, Carolina Mallola
Summary: This paper presents the outcomes of a microcontextual geoarchaeological study conducted on earthen dwellings from the Early Iron Age village of Cerro de San Vicente. The study employed soil micromorphology, lipid biomarker analysis, XRD, and XRF analyses to investigate various aspects of the dwellings, including construction materials, site formation processes, and daily life practices. The results have shed light on the construction layers, floor use, maintenance, repaving, periods of abandonment and decay, and the presence of lipid biomarkers associated with dwelling functionality. The study significantly contributes to our understanding of ancient construction practices and the utilization of domestic spaces during the Early Iron Age.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)