期刊
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
卷 40, 期 10, 页码 3722-3739出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2013.03.018
关键词
Lithic residue analysis; Middle Paleolithic; Syria; Microscopy; Scanning electron microscopy; Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared microscopy; Confocal Raman microscopy; X-ray diffraction
资金
- University of Minnesota
- NSF
- Swiss National Foundation
- Tell Arida Foundation
- Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft in Basel, Switzerland
Lithic residue analysis is traditionally based upon the morphological identification of microresidues preserved on the surfaces of stone tools. In order to improve the reliability of these identifications, we apply multiple techniques beyond morphological description to characterize the residues on stone tools from Hummal, Syria. We first document the residues using visible light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and then characterize them using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared microscopy, and confocal Raman microscopy. Our analyses confirm that some of the residues are bitumen. X-ray diffraction analysis of associated sediments is used to identify the other residues. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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