Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Konstantina Saliari, Peter Trebsche
Summary: The first part of the research focuses on analyzing animal remains from the Middle La Tene central settlement Haselbach in Lower Austria. The faunal assemblage from Haselbach shows characteristics of urbanization and centralization. The second part of the research compares the archaeozoological results from Haselbach with other sites in Central Europe during the La Tene period.
Article
Anthropology
Alzbeta Danielisova, Petr Pajdla, Daniel Bursak, Ladislav Strnad, Jakub Trubac, Jiri Kmosek
Summary: This paper presents a geochemical analysis of the Duchcov hoard from the early La Tène period, providing insights into possible ritual offerings and community structures. The study reveals that the seemingly homogeneous assemblage actually contains chemically distinctive groups, in line with the diffusion of the Duchcov-Mnsingen horizon in the 4th century BCE.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marco Romboni, Ilenia Arienzo, Mauro Antonio Di Vito, Carmine Lubritto, Monica Piochi, Maria Rosa Di Cicco, Olga Rickards, Mario Federico Rolfo, Jan Sevink, Flavio De Angelis, Luca Alessandri
Summary: This study analyzes the changes in diet and mobility among the people buried in the La Sassa cave in Central Italy during the Copper and Bronze Ages. Stable isotope and strontium isotope analyses, as well as FT-IR evaluations, were conducted on human and faunal remains from the cave. The results reveal a shift in diet and cultural mingling during the Bronze Age, possibly influenced by the spread of northern human groups into Central Italy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marco Romboni, Ilenia Arienzo, Mauro Antonio Di Vito, Carmine Lubritto, Monica Piochi, Maria Rosa Di Cicco, Olga Rickards, Mario Federico Rolfo, Jan Sevink, Flavio De Angelis, Luca Alessandri
Summary: This study investigates the changes in diet and mobility among individuals buried in the La Sassa cave in Central Italy during the Copper and Bronze Ages. Through the analysis of stable isotopes and pottery typology, the study reveals shifts in diet and cultural intermingling during this period.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erica Piccirilli, Rita Sorrentino, Federico Lugli, Eugenio Bortolini, Sara Silvestrini, Claudio Cavazzuti, Sara Conti, Szabolcs Czifra, Katalin Gyenesei, Kitti Kohler, Karoly Tanko, Antonino Vazzana, Erzsebet Jerem, Anna Cipriani, Antonio Gottarelli, Maria Giovanna Belcastro, Tamas Hajdu, Stefano Benazzi
Summary: The Iron Age is characterized by the movements of Celts in Europe, and through the analysis of dental traits, this study found statistically significant differences between Celts and local Italian populations, while the Celtic groups from Hungary and Italy share a similar biological background, supporting the hypothesis of a common origin for these Celts. The presence of Steppean ancestry in both Hungarian and Italian Celts suggests a westward migration of individuals and genes from the Steppe towards northern Italy during the Bronze and Iron Age. Furthermore, this study supports the existence of Celtic migratory routes in northern Italy.
Article
Anthropology
Joelle Rolland, Natalie Venclova
Summary: The analysis of raw glass and waste from two La Tene glass-working sites revealed similarities with Celtic and Hellenistic glass artifacts, leading to the distinction of five compositional groups of natron glass. The composition similarities observed in Western and Central Europe suggest the existence of a European-wide network for imported raw glass. Experimentation with the skills of La Tene glass masters and observation of waste found at the Nemcice site contribute to the progressive reconstruction of the organization of glass-working.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luka Papac, Michal Ernee, Miroslav Dobes, Michaela Langova, Adam B. Rohrlach, Franziska Aron, Gunnar U. Neumann, Maria A. Spyrou, Nadin Rohland, Petr Veleminsky, Martin Kuna, Hana Brzobohata, Brendan Culleton, David Danecek, Alzbeta Danielisova, Miluse Dobisikova, Josef Hlozek, Douglas J. Kennett, Jana Klementova, Michal Kostka, Petr Kristuf, Milan Kucharik, Jana Kuljavceva Hlavova, Petr Limbursky, Drahomira Malykova, Lucia Mattiello, Monika Pecinovska, Katarina Petriscakova, Erika Pruchova, Petra Stranska, Lubor Smejtek, Jaroslav Spacek, Radka Sumberova, Ondrej Svejcar, Martin Trefny, Milos Vavra, Jan Kolar, Volker Heyd, Johannes Krause, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich, Stephan Schiffels, Wolfgang Haak
Summary: Recent research on 271 human genomes from Bohemia in Europe has revealed unprecedented genetic changes and social processes in prehistoric Europe, including major migrations, culturally differentiated groups, and dynamic changes in different groups. The study shows that in the Bronze Age, new social organizations emerged amid a population turnover of at least 40%.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Micha Horacek, Lenka Klcova, Martina Hudcovicova, Katarina Ondreickova, Jozef Gubis, Stefan Hoelzl
Summary: Consumers prefer specific origins of food and are willing to pay higher prices for them. Controlling the declared geographic origin of food requires investigating the product to determine if it matches the claimed origin. Traditional methods use stable isotope analysis, but this requires new reference data each time and results in additional costs and delays. However, using geogenic parameters for origin control only requires one set of reference data.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. D. Koryakov, S. S. Nikitin, O. V. Merkulov, A. A. Markov, E. V. Shalaeva, I. A. Leonidov, M. V. Patrakeev
Summary: X-ray and electron diffraction studies, thermogravimetric and dilatometric measurements were conducted on perovskite-type oxides of R0.25Sr0.75FeO3-5 series for R = La, Nd, Y, Ho. Data on oxygen content and electrical conductivity of the oxides were obtained using Coulometric titration and four-probe DC techniques at different oxygen partial pressures and temperatures. The study found that a decrease in the size of the R-cation resulted in a decrease in the oxygen content, thermal expansion, and electrical conductivity of the oxides. In addition, the limited oxygen coordination in Y and Ho oxides also affected their properties.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Martin Novak, Alexandre Andronikov, Chris Holmden, Yulia V. Erban Kochergina, Frantisek Veselovsky, Tomas Paces, Martina Vitkova, Vaclav Kachlik, Ondrej Sebek, Jakub Hruska, Marketa Stepanova, Jan Curik, Eva Prechova, Daniela Fottova, Irina E. Andronikova, Vojtech Erban, Magdalena Koubova, Iva Vostra, Marie Houskova, Arnost Komarek
Summary: Magnesium, calcium, and strontium isotopes were studied in a Central European headwater catchment recovering from acidification caused by acid rain. The sources of these base cations in runoff were constrained using a combination of isotope and non-isotope data. The isotopic composition of Mg, Ca, and Sr in precipitation, throughfall, and runoff were monitored, and various minerals were analyzed. The results suggest that biotite is the main source of geogenic Mg, while apatite and plagioclase are the likely sources of geogenic Ca. Plagioclase weathering contributes to a significant proportion of geogenic Sr in runoff.
Article
Geography, Physical
Alessandro Zanazzi, Andrew Fletcher, Carlo Peretto, Ursula Thun Hohenstein
Summary: This study investigated the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment of central Italy during the Middle Pleistocene. The results showed that a pure C3 ecosystem consisting predominantly of woodlands and/or mesic C3 grasslands was present during this period, possibly with the sparse presence of closed canopy forests. The study also revealed changes in precipitation and aridity levels over the past 600,000 years. Analysis of oxygen isotopes and physical-geographical data provided insights into the characteristics of climate change. These findings provide valuable background information for understanding human colonization and cultural evolution during the Middle Pleistocene in central Italy.
QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Sandor Beres, Ferenc Cserpak, Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo, Tamas Repiszky, Sandra Sazelova, Jaroslaw Wilczynski, Gyorgy Lengyel
Summary: The Zo?ld Cave in Hungary is a Late Epigravettian site with a small archaeological collection dating back to 17.0-14.9 thousand years ago, consisting of faunal remains and lithic artifacts indicating it was a hunting-butchering site. The population in eastern Central Europe during the Late Epigravettian period likely contributed to the formation of the Federmesser culture rather than disappearing without descendants.
QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Valentina Plausinaitiene, Tomas Murauskas, Virgaudas Kubilius, Martynas Skapas, Sandra Stanionyte, Algirdas Selskis, Rimantas Raudonis
Summary: This article investigates the deposition method and electrical properties of wide band gap (4.6 eV) lanthanum doped strontium tin oxide (La:SrSnO3) films with different orientations (001, 110, and 111) on LaAlO3 and MgO substrates. The link between the obtained charge carrier mobility and the film's microstructure and morphology is discussed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy data.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carmen Esposito, Melania Gigante, Federico Lugli, Pasquale Miranda, Claudio Cavazzuti, Alessandra Sperduti, Marco Pacciarelli, Simon Stoddart, Paula Reimer, Caroline Malone, Luca Bondioli, Wolfgang Mueller
Summary: The Early Iron Age in Italy saw significant changes that influenced the political and cultural landscape of the peninsula. Settlements by people from the eastern Mediterranean had an impact on Italy, Sardinia, and Sicily. The Villanovan culture, particularly in central and southern Italy, played a leading role in interaction with diverse groups. This study examines human mobility in Fermo during the Early Iron Age using archaeological, osteological, and isotope data, shedding light on connectivity dynamics in Italian frontier sites.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dawid A. Iurino, Beniamino Mecozzi, Alessio Iannucci, Alfio Moscarella, Flavia Strani, Fabio Bona, Mario Gaeta, Raffaele Sardella
Summary: In this study, a large canid cranium from the Middle Pleistocene of Ponte Galeria (Rome, Italy) was described, providing insight into the transition of Canis mosbachensis to Canis lupus during that period. CT-based methods allowed for the analysis of outer and inner cranial anatomy, leading to the identification of the cranium as an adult Canis lupus and revising the Middle Pleistocene record of European wolves.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Julia Becher, Alex Schoeman, Gavin Whitelaw, Stephen Buckley, Jean-Pierre Celliers, Sara Cafisso, Matthias Belser, Maxime Rageot, Cynthianne Spiteri
Summary: This study represents the first application of Organic Residue Analysis (ORA) to southern African early farming pottery to gain a deeper understanding of past human behavior and subsistence patterns. The study found evidence of dairy processing and multi-purpose functionality of the ceramics. It also discovered potential medicinal use and the involvement of dung in pottery sealing and mending.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Jon Clindaniel, Matthew Magnani
Summary: Large sources of digital trace data have become important in the study of material culture. The authors introduce a computational method to observe digital formation processes and highlight the importance of accounting for these processes in studies utilizing digital trace data.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Rebecca A. G. Reid, Miranda M. E. Jans, Lesley A. Chesson, Rebecca J. Taylor, Gregory E. Berg
Summary: Chemical treatment of skeletal remains can reduce overall DNA quality and quantity but has no significant impact on stable isotope ratio analysis. Examination of treated and untreated human remains through histological and stable isotope analysis reveals that treated remains exhibit better preservation compared to untreated remains. Stable isotope ratio analysis is viable for both treated and untreated remains, regardless of their origin.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Laura Tome, Eneko Iriartec, Antonio Blanco-Gonzalez, Margarita Jambrina-Enriquez, Natalia Eguez, Antonio V. Herrera-Herrera, Carolina Mallola
Summary: This paper presents the outcomes of a microcontextual geoarchaeological study conducted on earthen dwellings from the Early Iron Age village of Cerro de San Vicente. The study employed soil micromorphology, lipid biomarker analysis, XRD, and XRF analyses to investigate various aspects of the dwellings, including construction materials, site formation processes, and daily life practices. The results have shed light on the construction layers, floor use, maintenance, repaving, periods of abandonment and decay, and the presence of lipid biomarkers associated with dwelling functionality. The study significantly contributes to our understanding of ancient construction practices and the utilization of domestic spaces during the Early Iron Age.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)