Technology and decay of magnesian lime plasters:: the sculptures of the funerary crypt of Palenque, Mexico

The full-relief lime plaster sculptures of the funerary crypt of Palenque, Mexico, suffer from advanced decay due to the cave-like environment in which they are located. Macroscopically, the sculptures have a soft consistency, but there is a hard crust over their surface. Some of the features observed by microscopy are the neomorphism of minerals as a consequence of permanent water seepage, and the formation of wide shrinkage cracks as a result of drying. The mineral hydromagnesite Mg(5)(CO(3))(4)(OH)(2)center dot 4H(2)O was identified by X-ray diffraction and microscopy; its relation with the shrinkage observed in the samples and its possible role in the decay of the sculptures are discussed in this paper. A short discussion is also made about the likely raw materials that were employed to manufacture the sculptures. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.