Article
Microbiology
Hui Sun, Qian Zhou, Pengyan Qiao, Di Zhu, Bingmu Xin, Bin Wu, Chuhua Tang
Summary: This study investigates the effects of microgravity on oral salivary secretion function and the salivary microbiome by simulating microgravity using a ground-based test. The results show minimal effect on salivary secretion function but significant changes in the salivary microbiome, with an increase in oral disease-related bacteria and a decrease in oral health-related commensal bacteria.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Enrico De Martino, Sauro E. Salomoni, Paul W. Hodges, Julie Hides, Kirsty Lindsay, Dorothee Debuse, Andrew Winnard, James Elliott, Mark Hoggarth, David Beard, Jonathan A. Cook, Robert Ekman, Luis Hinterwaldner, Jonathan Scott, Tobias Weber, Nick Caplan
Summary: This study investigated the effect of artificial gravity on the deterioration of standing balance and anticipatory postural adjustments of trunk muscles induced by 60-day head-down tilt bed rest. The results showed that artificial gravity partially mitigated the deterioration in standing balance, but did not have a protective effect on trunk muscle responses.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Yiming Qian, Shan Jiang, Xiaolu Jing, Yusheng Shi, Haibo Qin, Bingmu Xin, Lizhong Chi, Bin Wu
Summary: This study revealed that during head-down bed rest, participants tended to overestimate time when exposed to fear stimuli, while their temporal sensitivity decreased during the bed rest period and improved in the post-bed rest phase, especially for neutral and fear stimuli. This suggests that multiple short-term emotional stimuli presentations may lead to a lack of affective effects and impact temporal perceptual sensitivity, potentially due to physiological changes in participants during bed rest, such as reduced vagal excitability.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Sarah Solbiati, Alba Martin-Yebra, Pierre Vaida, Enrico G. Caiani
Summary: During head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest, significant changes were observed at HDT5, with increased MESOR of RR and QTend intervals, primarily due to daytime lengthening and increased minima, while QTc shortened. As HDT progressed, there was a trend towards baseline values. Additionally, phi was anticipated and OA reduced during HDT, impacting the system's responsiveness to stimuli. Restoration to the upright position resulted in shortened RR and QTend intervals with prolonged QTc, regardless of the duration in HDT. Post-HDT changes and differences between the last HDT day and R + 0 trended to increase with longer HDT duration, with insufficient recovery in 5/7 days after 60-day HDT, possibly increasing arrhythmic risk. Anticipating phi and increased OA at R + 0 compared to PRE after 5-day and 60-day HDT could further increase arrhythmic risk.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Vienna Tran, Enrico De Martino, Julie Hides, Gordon Cable, James M. Elliott, Mark Hoggarth, Jochen Zange, Kirsty Lindsay, Dorothee Debuse, Andrew Winnard, David Beard, Jonathan A. Cook, Sauro E. Salomoni, Tobias Weber, Jonathan Scott, Paul W. Hodges, Nick Caplan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of daily artificial gravity on gluteal muscles during 60-day head-down tilt bed rest. Results showed that artificial gravity did not mitigate muscle deconditioning, with muscle volumes decreasing and intramuscular lipid concentration increasing.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Fabian Hoffmann, Jeremy Rabineau, Dennis Mehrkens, Darius A. Gerlach, Stefan Moestl, Bernd W. Johannes, Enrico G. Caiani, Pierre Francois Migeotte, Jens Jordan, Jens Tank
Summary: This study examined the effects of prolonged head-down-tilt bed rest on cardiac function, with a focus on strain measurements. The results showed that changes in cardiac function, particularly in strain measurements, appeared to be functional rather than due to cardiac remodeling. Therefore, strain measurements may have limited utility in assessing the impact of physical inactivity or exercise interventions on cardiac function.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Ruilin Wu, Qianying Ma, Yu Lei, Zi Xu, Kai Li, Linjie Wang, Lina Qu, Yinghui Li
Summary: The current study aimed to understand the positive changes in healthy male participants who completed a 90-day head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) experiment, which simulated space missions. Participants were isolated and confined to individual beds in the laboratory. Results showed significant personal growth and re-evaluation of personal values. Participants focused more on social status and expectations, and also sought personal enjoyment in the isolated environment. The study suggests that the challenging HDBR experiment can lead to personal growth and reflection on personal interests.
Article
Physiology
Enrico De Martino, Julie Hides, James M. Elliott, Mark Hoggarth, Jochen Zange, Kirsty Lindsay, Dorothee Debuse, Andrew Winnard, David Beard, Jonathan A. Cook, Sauro E. Salomoni, Tobias Weber, Jonathan Scott, Paul W. Hodges, Nick Caplan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of artificial gravity on lumbar spine changes and muscle atrophy induced by 60-day head-down bed rest. The results showed that the artificial gravity protocols used did not mitigate the lumbar spine deconditioning caused by bed rest. An increased ratio of lipids to water in atrophied paraspinal muscles may impair muscle function during upright standing.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
K. R. Murray, S. Wasef, Heather Edgell
Summary: Short-term head-down bed rest does not alter the hypoxic ventilatory response but enhances the hypercapnic ventilatory response. This enhancement is hypothesized to be due to cephalic CO2 accumulation from cerebral congestion.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Gilles R. Clement, Brian E. Crucian, Meghan Downs, Stephanie Krieger, Steve S. Laurie, Stuart M. C. Lee, Brandon R. Macias, Edwin Mulder, Eric Rivas, Peter G. Roma, Marissa J. Rosenberg, Jean D. Sibonga, Scott M. Smith, Elisabeth R. Spector, Sara E. Whiting, Scott J. Wood, Sara R. Zwart
Summary: The AGBRESA study conducted by ESA aimed to investigate the physiological changes induced by simulated spaceflight environment through bed rest experiment, as well as the mitigation effects of centrifugation. The study found that subjects without centrifugation exhibited significant decreases in bone density, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and psychological state, while daily exposure to centrifugation helped slow down these changes.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Pierre Boutouyrie, Antoine Fayol, Catherine Fortier, Hakim Khettab, Catalin Cristian, Umit Gencer, David Fouassier, Elie Mousseaux, Audrey Derobertmasure, Carole Leguy, Rosa-Maria Bruno
Summary: This study investigates the cardiovascular consequences of long-term microgravity on large arteries. The results show that changes in arterial properties differ according to the arterial territory and structure type. Furthermore, head-down bed rest (HDBR) leads to an increase in arterial stiffness, which does not completely recover after HDBR. These findings highlight the importance of considering the long-term cardiovascular effects of microgravity.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Jeremy Rabineau, Margot Issertine, Fabian Hoffmann, Darius Gerlach, Enrico G. G. Caiani, Benoit Haut, Philippe van de Borne, Jens Tank, Pierre-Francois Migeotte
Summary: Microgravity has deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, causing changes in blood flow and vascular stiffness. The study found that daily exposure to artificial gravity did not mitigate these adaptations. Recommendations include increasing the load factor, exposure time, or combining it with physical exercise to counter the effects of microgravity.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Stefan Moestl, Stefan Orter, Fabian Hoffmann, Martin Bachler, Bernhard Hametner, Siegfried Wassertheurer, Jeremy Rabineau, Edwin Mulder, Bernd Johannes, Jens Jordan, Jens Tank
Summary: After 60 days of 6 degrees head down tilt bed rest, cardiovascular deconditioning and cephalad fluid shifts similar to weightlessness were observed, but vascular stiffness did not worsen. Artificial gravity training did not modulate the response.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Shan Jiang, YI-Ming Qian, Yuan Jiang, Zi-Qin Cao, Bing-Mu Xin, Ying-Chun Wang, Bin Wu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of HDBR on attention bias and emotional changes in young men. The results showed that HDBR significantly reduced negative affect, but had no significant effect on positive affect and anxiety. Furthermore, HDBR may lead to changes in attention bias, manifested as attention avoidance.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Mathias Basner, Alexander C. Stahn, Jad Nasrini, David F. Dinges, Tyler M. Moore, Ruben C. Gur, Christian Muehl, Brandon R. Macias, Steven S. Laurie
Summary: This study found that prolonged head-down tilt bed rest can lead to moderate declines in cognitive speed, and exposure to elevated levels of ambient CO2 does not modify this effect. Cognitive performance during recovery was similar to pre-HDBR performance in both groups, but participants undergoing 60 days of HDBR felt more tired, stressed, and physically unwell during recovery compared to those undergoing 30 days of HDBR.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
A. G. Fraser, R. G. H. H. Nelissen, P. Kjaersgaard-Andersen, P. Szymanski, T. Melvin, P. Piscoi
Summary: In the EU, delivery of health services is a national responsibility, but concerted actions are taken between member states to protect public health. The approval and authorization of medical devices are carried out by the European Medicines Agency and independent 'conformity assessment' organizations. The recent EU Medical Device Regulation aims to address uncertainties in clinical evidence requirements and prioritize safety, efficacy, and transparency of evidence, with input from scientific experts.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-QUALITY OF CARE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Emanuele Tauro, Alessandra Gorini, Chiara Caglio, Paola Gabanelli, Enrico Gianluca Caiani
Summary: This study proposes a new framework for defining Personas for healthcare workers based on an online survey, aiming to highlight different levels of risk of mental disorders induced by COVID-19 and tailor psychological support interventions. The results show that healthcare workers in different subgroups face varying levels of stress, workload impact, and risk of mental disorders. This framework could represent the first step towards developing mobile health tools to customize psychological interventions in pandemic situations.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Giuseppe Andreoni, Enrico Gianluca Caiani, Nicola Castaldini
Summary: Health pods are innovative systems that utilize digital health concepts to provide preventive medicine services. They can measure various biomedical parameters related to health and offer other medical services. The data generated by health pods have personal and societal value. These systems are important for defining healthy aging strategies, managing chronic diseases, and detecting symptoms of common pathologies. They also support education and health promotion.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lorenzo Gianquintieri, Maria Antonia Brovelli, Andrea Pagliosa, Gabriele Dassi, Piero Maria Brambilla, Rodolfo Bonora, Giuseppe Maria Sechi, Enrico Gianluca Caiani
Summary: This study proposes a COVID-19 early alert system based on Emergency Medical Services (EMS) data, utilizing a combination of geographical filtering and machine learning techniques to accurately identify the spread of the disease and anticipate intervention needs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Francesco Blasi, Enrico Gianluca Caiani, Matteo Giuseppe Cereda, Daniela Donetti, Marco Montorsi, Vincenzo Panella, Gaia Panina, Felicia Pelagalli, Elisabetta Speroni
Summary: The challenges faced by the healthcare system in Italy in the 21st century, such as population aging, chronic diseases, and potential pandemics, can be addressed through technological innovations and the European Union's recovery plan. A panel of Italian experts developed a concept for a new healthcare system, summarized in a manifesto with six drivers for change, emphasizing the importance of trust between science, citizens, and institutions.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Maarten Falter, Martijn Scherrenberg, Karen Driesen, Zoe Pieters, Toshiki Kaihara, Linqi Xu, Enrico Gianluca Caiani, Paolo Castiglioni, Andrea Faini, Gianfranco Parati, Paul Dendale
Summary: This study investigates the accuracy and reliability of smartwatch-based blood pressure measurement. The results show that the smartwatch tends to overestimate low blood pressure and underestimate high blood pressure. Although the accuracy of smartwatch-based blood pressure measurement is low, more research is needed to validate the reliability of wearable devices and demonstrate new possibilities for non-invasive, high-frequency blood pressure monitoring.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gianfranco Parati, Alexandra Goncalves, David Soergel, Rosa Maria Bruno, Enrico Gianluca Caiani, Eva Gerdts, Felix Mahfoud, Lorenzo Mantovani, Richard J. McManus, Paola Santalucia, Thomas Kahan
Summary: Hypertension is a common and preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but a large number of patients are undiagnosed or inadequately treated. A comprehensive approach is needed to improve hypertension management.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Jeremy Rabineau, Margot Issertine, Fabian Hoffmann, Darius Gerlach, Enrico G. G. Caiani, Benoit Haut, Philippe van de Borne, Jens Tank, Pierre-Francois Migeotte
Summary: Microgravity has deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, causing changes in blood flow and vascular stiffness. The study found that daily exposure to artificial gravity did not mitigate these adaptations. Recommendations include increasing the load factor, exposure time, or combining it with physical exercise to counter the effects of microgravity.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Marco Penso, Sara Moccia, Enrico G. Caiani, Gloria Caredda, Maria Luisa Lampus, Maria Ludovica Carerj, Mario Babbaro, Mauro Pepi, Mattia Chiesa, Gianluca Pontone
Summary: In this study, an automatic deep learning-based algorithm was proposed to classify coronary artery stenosis lesions according to the CCTA images. The experimental results showed that the algorithm achieved high accuracy and sensitivity in classifying significant coronary artery stenosis and in CAD-RADS classification.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sara Caramaschi, Gabriele B. Papini, Enrico G. Caiani
Summary: Tracking a person's activities is relevant in various contexts, and this study investigates the impact of device orientation changes on human activity recognition (HAR). A model based on a three-axis accelerometer is proposed, capable of recognizing activities from multiple movement patterns.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Stefano Spina, Lorenzo Gianquintieri, Francesco Marrazzo, Maurizio Migliari, Giuseppe Maria Sechi, Maurizio Migliori, Andrea Pagliosa, Rodolfo Bonora, Thomas Langer, Enrico Gianluca Caiani, Roberto Fumagalli
Summary: ML-based models can enhance EMS's ability to identify patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and guide the allocation of hospital resources.
EMERGENCY MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yijun Ren, Enrico Gianluca Caiani
Summary: Under the European Union Medical Device Regulation, expert panel's scientific opinions on high-risk medical devices are required. To assist in this process, a framework was proposed to collect and display publicly available safety notices, using named entity recognition and natural language processing techniques.
2023 IEEE EMBS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH INFORMATICS, BHI
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Julia Nawaro, Lorenzo Gianquintieri, Andrea Pagliosa, Giuseppe M. Sechi, Enrico Gianluca Caiani
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of heat on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, focusing on the adopted heat definitions and their impact on the analysis results. Multiple combinations of criteria for defining heat were found, with larger deviations from the mean annual temperature and higher temperature thresholds in the same study location leading to stronger negative effects. An international harmonization effort to define a common standard is recommended for better analyzing trends in heatwaves characteristics and their impact on cardiovascular health.
PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Marco Penso, Mario Babbaro, Sara Moccia, Marco Guglielmo, Maria Ludovica Carerj, Carlo Maria Giacari, Mattia Chiesa, Riccardo Maragna, Mark G. Rabbat, Andrea Barison, Nicola Martini, Mauro Pepi, Enrico G. Caiani, Gianluca Pontone
Summary: This study investigates the accuracy of a deep learning approach for automatically segmenting cardiac structures from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images with magnetic susceptibility artifacts. The proposed method achieves higher segmentation accuracy than commercial software and is comparable to expert inter-observer variability. It also provides faster cardiac parameter analysis compared to manual segmentation.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Sarah Solbiati, Andrea Buffoli, Valentino Megale, Gianfranco Damato, Bruno Lenzi, Giacomo Langfelder, Enrico G. Caiani
Summary: This study compares the performance of a virtual reality headset-embedded gyroscope and a novel high-performance gyroscope in measuring median heart rate from the ballistocardiography (BCG) signal. The results suggest that pitch and roll head rotations provide more accurate heart rate estimates, and the high-performance gyroscope outperforms the virtual reality gyroscope, potentially enabling the extraction of novel biomarkers with clinical utility from the BCG signal.
2022 9TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INERTIAL SENSORS AND SYSTEMS (IEEE INERTIAL 2022)
(2022)
