Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Christophe Moinard, Eric Fontaine
Summary: Amino acid bioavailability affects cellular energy status, regulating muscle protein synthesis, possibly not through the mTOR pathway. Energy status directly regulates energy-consuming steps during MPS, altering the perspective on protein metabolism.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Matthew S. Brook, Tanner Stokes, Stefan H. M. Gorissen, Joseph J. Bass, Chris McGlory, Jessica Cegielski, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Bethan E. Phillips, Ken Smith, Stuart M. Phillips, Philip J. Atherton
Summary: This study investigated the short-term impacts of disuse atrophy on muscle protein turnover and found that the decrease in muscle protein synthesis, rather than the increase in protein breakdown, drives skeletal muscle disuse atrophy in humans.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinxuan Tang, Cuilian Din, Shiqi Yu, Yang Liu, Hang Luo, Dou Zhang, Sheng Chen
Summary: This study demonstrates that nitrated polystyrene possesses excellent dielectric and energy storage properties. The introduction of nitro substituent group increases the glass transition temperature and permittivity of polystyrene, while simultaneously reducing carrier mobility and destroying carrier channels, resulting in enhanced breakdown strength.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Sophie L. Allen, Alex P. Seabright, Jonathan Quinlan, Amritpal Dhaliwal, Felicity R. Williams, Nicholas H. F. Fine, David J. Hodson, Matthew J. Armstrong, Ahmed M. Elsharkaway, Carolyn A. Greig, Yu-Chiang Lai, Janet M. Lord, Gareth G. Lavery, Leigh Breen
Summary: This study utilized an in vitro model of liver disease to investigate the effects of serum from liver disease patients on myotube diameter, mitochondrial respiration, and muscle-related protein content. The findings suggest potential mechanisms underlying sarcopenia development in liver disease patients.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Mahalakshmi Shankaran, Stephen R. Hennigar, Claire E. Berryman, Lee M. Margolis, Tyler J. Field, Hector Palacios, Edna Nyangau, Hussein Mohammed, Alyssa M. Kelly, Bradley J. Anderson, William J. Evans, James P. McClung, Marc K. Hellerstein, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: Prolonged energy restriction decreases muscle protein synthesis rates and most individual protein synthesis rates, while high protein diets prolong the half-lives of most proteins. These results suggest that high protein diets may help reduce muscle protein breakdown, while prolonged energy restriction leads to decreased muscle mass.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kazuhiko Higashida, Sachika Inoue, Nodoka Takeuchi, Satoru Ato, Riki Ogasawara, Naoya Nakai
Summary: The study revealed that severe iron deficiency leads to decreased muscle protein synthesis, both in basal and contraction-induced states. This is likely due to the downregulation of protein synthesis signaling pathways in skeletal muscle.
Review
Electrochemistry
Jieqiong Qin, Zhi Yang, Feifei Xing, Liangzhu Zhang, Hongtao Zhang, Zhong-Shuai Wu
Summary: Two-dimensional mesoporous materials (2DMMs) combine the merits of 2D materials and mesoporous materials, offering a promising solution for high-performance electrode/catalyst materials in energy storage and conversion devices. This review summarizes the recent advances in 2DMMs for ESCDs, including their structural advantages, chemical synthesis strategies, and applications in supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, and electrocatalysis.
ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Aiya Qin, Jiaxing Tan, Wen Hu, Yuan Liu, Lin Chen, Yi Tang, Wei Qin
Summary: This prospective study investigated the benefits of oral energy supplementation (OES) in hemodialysis patients with protein-energy wasting (PEW). The results showed that OES significantly improved serum albumin, hemoglobin, and dietary energy intake, as well as enhanced nutritional status and quality of life. No electrolyte disorders or dyslipidemia were observed.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yoshihiko Kanno, Eiichiro Kanda, Akihiko Kato
Summary: Patients receiving dialysis therapy often face nutritional challenges, yet medical staff in Japan lack training and support in nutritional management. Recent studies suggest that under conditions of low nutrition, salt intake should not be restricted for frail or dialysis patients, and protein consumption should be targeted at 0.9 to 1.2 g/kg/day. The Nutritional Risk Index-Japanese Hemodialysis (NRI-JH) is recommended by the Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy to screen for malnutrition in older patients.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Daniely Messias Costa, Joao da Cruz- Filho, Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos, Joao Victor Gomes- Santos, Luis Carlos Reis, Waldecy de Lucca Jr, Enilton Aparecido Camargo, Sandra Lauton- Santos, Neusa Maria Zanon, Isis do Carmo Kettelhut, Luiz Carlos Navegantes, Andre de Souza Mecawi, Daniel Badaue Passos, Danilo Lustrino
Summary: The study found that oxytocin (OT) directly inhibits proteolytic activities in rat oxidative skeletal muscle by activating the Akt/FoxO signaling pathway, suppressing atrogene expression, and promoting muscle mass gain without affecting protein synthesis.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. Choudhary, V Priyadarsini, Varna V. Nair, Athul Pradeep, J. Jumana, V Kumar
Summary: The study focused on AFE and FE ceramics near the FE-AFE phase boundary in a quaternary phase composition. By synthesizing PSZT ceramics and analyzing the structural modifications as a function of Sr2+ concentration, a systematic FE to AFE transition was revealed. Evaluation of recoverable energy density and energy storage efficiency was conducted for potential energy storage applications.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Biology
K. Barbara Sahlin, Indira Pla, Jessica de Siqueira Guedes, Krzysztof Pawlowski, Roger Appelqvist, Gyorgy Marko-Varga, Gilberto Barbosa Domont, Fabio Cesar Sousa Nogueira, Aleksander Giwercman, Aniel Sanchez, Johan Malm
Summary: Long term testosterone deficiency has negative effects on metabolism, muscle degradation, and metabolic diseases, while short-term testosterone changes seem to impact amino acid levels, with an association between tyrosine and phenylalanine levels and testosterone changes. The study suggests that fasting amino acid levels can be used to monitor early metabolic changes induced by testosterone fluctuations.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Grith Hojfeldt, Jacob Bulow, Jakob Agergaard, Lene R. Simonsen, Jens Bulow, Peter Schjerling, Gerrit van Hall, Lars Holm
Summary: The study compared the postprandial synthesis response in muscle proteins and the abundance of directly incorporated food-derived amino acids following habituation to high vs. recommended level of protein intake in older males. It was found that habituation to higher protein intake did not result in any adaptations in muscle protein turnover or associated markers when subjected to an identical mixed meal.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Muhammad Sajjad, Wen Lu
Summary: Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous materials with unique advantages such as large surface area, high porosity, high modifiability, conjugated structures, and sufficient building blocks. However, the low electrical conductivity and poor electrochemical performance of COFs hinder their widespread application in energy storage systems. To improve their performance, strategies such as introducing redox-active groups and constructing composite materials have been proposed. Efforts are being made to enhance the advantages and address the drawbacks of COFs for their broader utilization.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Huihuang Xu, Hua Hao, Dongxu Li, Yanjiang Xie, Xin Wang, Jianlu Geng, Minghe Cao, Zhonghua Yao, Hanxing Liu
Summary: This study proposes a method for improving the dielectric breakdown strength and energy storage performance of dielectric capacitors by reducing the annealing temperature and introducing a high-polarized substance. The microstructure with nanocrystalline and amorphous phases was successfully controlled, leading to extremely high breakdown strength and excellent energy storage performance. This provides a feasible approach for designing high-performance energy storage devices in the future.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katherine L. Ford, Jann Arends, Philip J. Atherton, Marielle P. K. J. Engelen, Thiago J. M. Goncalves, Alessandro Laviano, Dileep N. Lobo, Stuart M. Phillips, Paula Ravasco, Nicolaas E. P. Deutz, Carla M. Prado
Summary: This opinion paper reviews the potential impact of protein on muscle anabolism in cancer patients. Animal-based proteins offer superior anabolic potential compared to plant-derived proteins. During cancer treatment, animal-based foods should be the majority of protein intake.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Rehabilitation
Jordan M. Fenton, James A. King, Sven P. Hoekstra, Sydney E. Valentino, Stuart M. Phillips, Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey
Summary: This review compares different intervention modalities for increasing skeletal muscle mass in the paralysed limbs of individuals with motor complete spinal cord injury. The findings suggest that resistance training using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the quadriceps produces the largest and most consistent increases in muscle mass.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Howard H. Carter, Jem L. Cheng, Maureen J. MacDonald, Oliver Pienaar, Alexander Coleman, Louise H. Naylor, Daniel J. Green
Summary: This study investigated the effects of exercise in 32 °C and 38 °C water on flow-mediated dilation (FMD). The results showed that exercise in water can decrease brachial artery shear and FMD compared to land-based exercise, and exercise in 38 °C water can increase brachial shear and FMD.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY, INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vernon G. Coffey, Chris McGlory, Stuart M. Phillips, Thomas M. Doering
Summary: We investigated the relationship between pre-immobilization skeletal muscle size and the extent of muscle atrophy after 14 days of lower limb immobilization. Our findings suggest that pre-immobilization leg fat-free mass and quadriceps cross-sectional area are not associated with the magnitude of muscle atrophy. However, there may be sex-based differences that require further confirmation.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
J. K. Brown, C. G. R. Perry, E. T. Prior, S. M. Phillips, L. E. Skelly, A. R. Josse
Summary: In this study, we compared the postprandial branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), insulin, and glucose responses in young males after consuming two isonitrogenous doses of Greek-style yogurt and skimmed milk. The results showed that peak leucine and BCAA concentrations as well as the area under the curve were higher after consuming yogurt compared to milk, and the time to reach maximal leucine/BCAA concentrations was similar between the two conditions. This study demonstrates that protein-matched wholefood dairy products can elicit different postprandial aminoacidemic responses.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giulia Coletta, Josephine S. Jakubowski, Stuart M. Phillips, Stephanie Atkinson, Alexandra Papaioannou, Janet M. Pritchard
Summary: Sarcopenia is prevalent among total joint replacement (TJR) patients and non-TJR community participants, with lower protein intake being common in both groups. The study found that low appendicular lean soft-tissue mass (ALSTMBMI) was more common in TJR patients according to less conservative cut-points, while weakness was not a major issue. Moreover, higher daily protein intake was associated with better grip strength and ALSTMBMI. These findings suggest that a dietary intervention to increase protein intake may improve the surgical outcomes of TJR patients.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicholas B. Tiller, Stuart M. Phillips
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mikkel Oxfeldt, Stuart M. Phillips, Ole Emil Andersen, Frank Ted Johansen, Maj Bangshaab, Jeyanthini Risikesan, James McKendry, Anna Katarina Melin, Mette Hansen
Summary: Low energy availability may have negative effects on skeletal muscle protein synthesis in females undergoing exercise training.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Changhyun Y. Lim, James S. McKendry, Taylor Giacomin, Jonathan M. Mcleod, Sean Ng, Brad Currier, Giulia Coletta, Stuart Phillips
Summary: This study examined the effect of supplementation with Fortetropin (R) on muscle size and strength during single-leg immobilization and recovery in young men. The results showed that supplementation with FOR prevented the increase in circulating myostatin, but did not prevent disuse-induced muscle atrophy.
Letter
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jennifer S. S. Williams, Jenna C. C. Stone, Stacey A. A. Ritz, Maureen J. J. MacDonald
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nasrin Nasimi, Zahra Sohrabi, Everson A. Nunes, Erfan Sadeghi, Sanaz Jamshidi, Zohreh Gholami, Marzieh Akbarzadeh, Shiva Faghih, Masoumeh Akhlaghi, Stuart M. Phillips
Summary: The effects of whey protein supplementation alone or with vitamin D on sarcopenia-related outcomes in older adults are uncertain. However, this meta-analysis indicates that whey protein supplementation improves physical function, while co-supplementation with vitamin D enhances lean mass gains, muscle strength, and physical function significantly.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ritchie Ly, Brittany C. Macintyre, Stuart M. Philips, Chris Mcglory, David M. Mutch, Philip Britz-McKibbin
Summary: An alternative biomarker for omega-3 index (O3I) was identified using a high-throughput lipidomics method, which revealed that circulating phosphatidylcholines (PCs) can serve as surrogate biomarkers. The study also found that DHA was more effective than EPA in improving the O3I, particularly in young adults with poor nutritional status.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Michael D. Roberts, John J. McCarthy, Troy A. Hornberger, Stuart M. Phillips, Abigail L. Mackey, Gustavo A. Nader, Marni D. Boppart, Andreas N. Kavazis, Paul T. Reidy, Riki Ogasawara, Cleiton A. Libardi, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, Frank W. Booth, Karyn A. Esser
Summary: Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched. Most studies support the involvement of enhanced mTORC1 signaling, expansion of translational capacity, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and increased muscle protein synthesis rates. However, additional mechanisms may also be involved.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Giulia Coletta, Brad S. Currier, Stuart M. Phillips
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vernon G. Coffey, Chris McGlory, Stuart M. Phillips, Thomas M. Doering
Summary: We aimed to investigate the relationship between pre-immobilization skeletal muscle size and the magnitude of muscle atrophy after 14 days of unilateral lower limb immobilization. Our findings (n = 30) suggest that pre-immobilization leg fat-free mass and quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) are not correlated with the extent of muscle atrophy. However, further research is needed to confirm potential sex-based differences. In women, pre-immobilization leg fat-free mass and CSA are associated with changes in quadriceps CSA following immobilization (n = 9, r2 = 0.54-0.68; P < 0.05). The initial muscle mass does not affect the degree of muscle atrophy, but there may be sex-based differences.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)