Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weidong Sun, Charles H. Langmuir, Neil M. Ribe, Lipeng Zhang, Saijun Sun, He Li, Congying Li, Weiming Fan, Paul J. Tackley, Patrick Sanan
Summary: The study highlights the inconsistency between the volcanic migration rates of the Emperor seamounts and the drifting rate of the Pacific plate, indicating significant northward and southward absolute movements of the seamounts. Numerical modeling suggests that this may be due to the attraction and capture of the upper part of the plume by a moving spreading ridge.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
B. F. Houghton, C. M. Tisdale, E. W. Llewellin, J. Taddeucci, T. R. Orr, B. H. Walker, M. R. Patrick
Summary: The study analyzed the basaltic explosive eruption of fissure 8 during the 2018 Kilauea eruption in Hawaii through high-definition videos, capturing various parameters such as explosion frequency, ejecta heights, and mass eruption rates. The videos recorded a transition from pulsating outgassing to rapid explosions and then to sustained fountaining, showing an increase in intensity of the eruption. This transition was driven by a combination of small bubbles and melt ascent, along with the rise of gas slugs and pockets, with changes in their contributions influencing the eruptive activity observed.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yaprak Onat, Oceana P. Francis
Summary: Research has found that there has been an increase in the number and intensity of strong extratropical cyclones in the North Pacific Ocean from 1979 to 2017, with a particularly significant rise during 2007-2017. These cyclones have led to a higher frequency of swell generation towards the poleward and westward directions. Approximately one-third of the waves generated by these cyclones reached the Hawaiian Islands from 1979 to 2017, with around one-quarter reaching during 2007-2017.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Samuel C. Mogen, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Allysa R. Dallmann, Luke Gregor, Adrienne J. Sutton, Steven J. Bograd, Nathali Cordero Quiros, Emanuele Di Lorenzo, Elliott L. Hazen, Michael G. Jacox, Mercedes Pozo Buil, Stephen Yeager
Summary: This study characterizes the biogeochemical properties of the Eastern North Pacific upper ocean during the Winter of 2013-2014 using observations and models, and finds that the Blob is associated with increased aragonite saturation and decreased oxygen concentration.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geology
Robert Pockalny, Ginger Barth, Barry Eakins, Katherine A. Kelley, Christina Wertman
Summary: Researchers have developed a new model to explain the spatial and temporal history of the Line Islands system by combining plate-tectonic reconstructions, seamount age dates, and available geochemistry. The model identifies a new melt source region at similar to 17 degrees S, similar to 125 degrees W, which contributed to the formation of the Line Islands, Mid-Pacific Mountains, and possibly the Pukapuka Ridge.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
A. B. Watts, I. Grevemeyer, D. J. Shillington, R. A. Dunn, B. Boston, L. Gomez de la Pena
Summary: An active source seismic experiment conducted using Ocean-Bottom Seismometers along the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain revealed a heterogeneous upper crust and a homogeneous lower crust, with identified Moho and consistent mantle velocity structure. Gravity modeling confirmed the crust and mantle velocity structure, while flexural modeling showed the thickness of preexisting oceanic crust overlain by volcanic structures. No evidence of magmatic underplating was found in this study.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Qiang Ma, Jianing Wang, Fan Wang, Yilong Lyu, Zhixiang Zhang
Summary: The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) influences the El Nino-Southern Oscillation and can modulate the equatorial intermediate currents. This modulation is achieved through the propagation of reflected Kelvin-to-Rossby waves triggered by anomalous westerly wind.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jie Chen, Jianjun Zou, Aimei Zhu, Xuefa Shi, Dirk Nuernberg, Lester Lembke-Jene, Ralf Tiedemann, Kunshan Wang, Yonghua Wu, Zhi Dong, Jianxing Liu, Ruxi Dou
Summary: This study analyzed surface sediment samples from the Emperor Seamount Chain in the North Pacific and found that sediments can be divided into three zones with distinct features spatially. Each zone is characterized by different components, such as clayey silt, sand, and silty sand, indicating different sources and sedimentary processes in the study area.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yuzhu Ge, Thomas J. Algeo, Huaguo Wen, Chen Zhang, Yiquan Ma, Chengbo Lian
Summary: The study reveals spatial and temporal variations of marine de-oxygenation during the Permian-Triassic transition in the eastern Paleotethys Ocean, showing shifts from oxygenation to de-oxygenation in different shelf settings. These variations are linked to marine sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles, indicating a global shallow-marine de-oxygenation event during the latest Permian mass extinction, potentially caused by volcanic sulfur release from the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Qi Shu, Yu Zhang, Dillon J. A. Maya, Sarah M. Larson, Yu Kosaka, Jun-chao Yang, Xiaopei Lin
Summary: The Pacific meridional modes (PMMs) in the subtropical Pacific are mainly driven by net surface heat flux variations, but the role of oceanic heat advective processes remains unclear.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Wenxiu Zhong, Wenju Cai, Arnold Sullivan, Wansuo Duan, Song Yang
Summary: This article investigates the combined effects of the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and the South Pacific Oscillation (SPO) on the interannual wind in the western-central equatorial Pacific (WCEP). The NPO influences the WCEP interannual wind during the boreal winter-spring by modulating the Northwestern Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone (NITCZ). As austral winter approaches, the SPO takes over this role and maintains the anomalous NITCZ. The NPO benefits long-lead prediction of the WCEP interannual wind and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), while the SPO is the dominant extratropical predictor of ENSO amplitude.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ruikun Hu, Tao Lian, Jie Feng, Dake Chen
Summary: The positive phase of the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) is related to the onset of El Nino. Previous studies suggest that positive sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the central equatorial Pacific (CEP) during positive PMM years primarily originate from the northeastern tropical Pacific (NETP) via positive wind-evaporation-SST feedback. However, our review and coupled model experiments show weak evidence and indicate that the impact of PMM on El Nino might be overestimated. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding of the role of the tropical North Pacific on El Nino can only be achieved by considering the impact from the western North Pacific.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jie Feng, Tao Lian, Dake Chen, Yanjie Li
Summary: The study found that the strong cold bias in the northwestern Pacific is primarily caused by the weak cold bias in the tropical Indian Ocean. Correcting the Indian Ocean bias can alleviate the cold bias in the NWP, potentially reducing it by around 66%.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jyun-Nai Wu, Ross Parnell-Turner, Daniel J. Fornari, Natalia Berrios-Rivera, Thibaut Barreyre, Jill M. McDermott
Summary: Fissures and faults in the crust help us understand how plate separation is accommodated by magma and brittle deformation. In a study of the East Pacific Rise, bathymetric data collected by autonomous underwater vehicles and remotely operated vehicles were used to map these features. The findings suggest that faulting plays a minimal role in plate separation compared to dike intrusion causing open cracks. The study also reveals the importance of reactivation of fissures during volcanic eruptions and provides insights into magma dynamics.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jiang Zhu, Zhaochong Zhang, M. Santosh, Shucheng Tan, Ziliang Jin
Summary: The study highlights the role of submarine and subaerial volcanic activities in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province in causing ocean acidification and calcification crisis, which may have contributed to the end-Guadalupian crisis. It proposes that the release of sulfur dioxide from submarine basaltic eruptions triggered ocean acidification, while explosive silicic volcanism on land potentially drove the global cooling event in the Wuchiapingian stage.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Harriet Zoe Yin, Xiaohua Xu, Jennifer S. Haase, Roby Douilly, David T. Sandwell, Bernard Mercier de Lepinay
Summary: Earthquakes in Haiti, such as the 2010 Mw 7.0 earthquake and the recent 2021 Mw 7.2 earthquake, pose a major threat to the region. The Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone (EPGFZ) is a significant source of seismic hazard in the southern peninsula of Haiti. This study used satellite-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data to analyze the ground deformation patterns associated with the 2021 earthquake, revealing the broad coseismic deformation field, detailed secondary fault structures, and postseismic shallow slip along the unruptured section of the EPGF.
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
H. Zhou, K. Hoernle, J. Geldmacher, F. Hauff, D. Garbe-Schoenberg, S. Jung, I Bindeman
Summary: By studying the Etendeka large igneous province in Namibia, it has been found that the compositional variations of the flood basalts are related to a postulated plume head, and a concentric zonation model for the plume head has been proposed.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Leah E. E. Morgan, Brett Davidheiser-Kroll, Klaudia F. F. Kuiper, Darren F. F. Mark, Noah M. M. McLean, Jan R. R. Wijbrans
Summary: The accuracy and traceability of geochronometers are crucial to questions asked by Earth scientists. This study focuses on the 40Ar/39Ar geochronometer and its co-irradiation with reference materials. The authors used various calibration methods to determine the ages of monitor minerals and found that the current results do not meet the desired accuracy, but the extensive methodology development presented in this study can help improve future measurements.
GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Vera Ponomareva, Maxim Portnyagin, Martin Danisik, Evgeny Konstantinov, Egor Zelenin, Nikolai Tkach, Folkmar Hauff, Axel K. Schmitt, Bjarne Friedrichs, Boris Romanyuk, Marcel Guillong, Christopher L. Kirkland, Kai Rankenburg, Samuel Muller, Dieter Garbe-Schonberg
Summary: Knowledge of temporal patterns of past explosive eruptions is essential for understanding potential future eruptive behavior. The volcanic records based on geological reconstructions are incomplete, even in populated areas like Europe. This study presents the first age and geochemical data on middle to late Pleistocene explosive eruptions from the Elbrus volcanic center, providing insights into their dispersal distances and identifying them as paleoclimate and archaeological markers.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Y. Yu, D. T. Sandwell, S. T. Gille
Summary: This study investigates the variability of sea surface slope (SSS) using 30 years of satellite altimetry measurements. The results show that seasonal variability is generally smaller compared to mean variability, and SSS variability with wavelengths less than 30 km is mainly dominated by wave height noise. High variability is found in western boundary currents and regions of rough topography at sub-mesoscale to mesoscale wavelengths.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
B. Petri, J. R. Wijbrans, G. Mohn, G. Manatschal, M. Beltrando
Summary: The thermal evolution of the Austroalpine Campo and Grosina units, which were part of the necking zone of the Adriatic rifted margin, were studied. The two units exhibited different thermal histories, with the Grosina unit undergoing a slow cooling process during the Permo-Triassic period and the Campo unit experiencing a rapid cooling process during the Jurassic rifting. These findings provide insights into the tectonic evolution and thermal subsidence of the region.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liang Liu, Lijun Liu, Jason. P. Morgan, Yi-Gang Xu, Ling Chen
Summary: The type of lithosphere subducted between India and Tibet has been a subject of debate, with suggestions ranging from completely continental to entirely oceanic or a mixture of the two. This study uses numerical models to explore the nature and density structure of the lost lithosphere and shows that Tibetan tectonism away from the Himalayan syntaxis is consistent with the initial indentation of a craton-like terrane followed by the subduction of a buoyant tectonic plate with a thin crust.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ben R. Mather, R. Dietmar Mueller, Christopher P. Alfonso, Maria Seton, Nicky M. Wright
Summary: This article explores the relationship between thermochemical upwellings and plate subduction in transporting diamonds to the Earth's surface. A new method for calculating subduction angle is proposed to predict the timing of kimberlite eruptions. The study finds that subduction angles combined with peaks in slab flux can predict pulses of kimberlite eruptions. This research has significant potential applications in modeling the deep carbon and water cycles of the Earth and understanding subduction-related mineral deposits.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samuel C. Boone, Fabian Kohlmann, Wayne Noble, Moritz Theile, Romain Beucher, Barry Kohn, Stijn Glorie, Martin Danisik, Renjie Zhou, Malcolm McMillan, Angus Nixon, Andrew Gleadow, Xiaodong Qin, Dietmar Mueller, Brent McInnes
Summary: Low-temperature thermochronology is a powerful tool for understanding the thermal evolution of rocks and minerals over time. A new tool for geospatial archival, analysis, and dissemination of thermochronology data has been developed. By placing regional datasets in their geological, geochemical, and geographic contexts, insights into tectono-thermal evolutions can be gained.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Julie Gevorgian, David T. Sandwell, Yao Yu, Seung-Sep Kim, Paul Wessel
Summary: Seamounts are isolated highlands in the seafloor with specific characteristics. The global distribution of seamounts can be mapped using the vertical gravity gradient (VGG) derived from satellite measurements. By updating and refining the global seamount catalog using the latest VGG grid, 19,325 new seamounts were identified. The use of an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis revealed a linear relationship between the base radius and height of small seamounts, allowing for accurate height estimation using VGG.
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Igor K. Nikogosian, Antoine J. J. Bracco Gartner, Paul R. D. Mason, Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen, Klaudia F. Kuiper, Uwe Kirscher, Sergei Matveev, Araik Grigoryan, Edmond Grigoryan, Arsen Israyelyan, Manfred J. van Bergen, Janne M. Koornneef, Jan R. Wijbrans, Gareth R. Davies, Khachatur Meliksetian
Summary: This study presents new geochronological, palaeomagnetic, and geochemical constraints to understand the geodynamic evolution of the South Armenian Block (SAB) and its Gondwanan origin. It reveals the timing of rifting and provides insights into the geological history of the SAB since the Permian.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Slah Boulila, Shanan E. Peters, R. Dietmar Mueller, Bilal U. Haq, Nathan Hara
Summary: The fossil record shows that biotic diversity has fluctuated quasi-cyclically throughout geological time, but the mechanisms behind these cycles remain unexplained. In this study, a common 36±1 million-year cycle was found in the diversity of marine genera, as well as in tectonic, sea-level, and macrostratigraphic data over the past 250 million years. It is suggested that this cycle is driven by geological forces and is likely related to cyclic continental inundations, leading to expanding and contracting ecological niches.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Hugh Harper, Karen Luttrell, David T. Sandwell
Summary: This passage introduces the mid-ocean ridge system, which consists of spreading ridges, transform faults, propagating ridges, and other non-transform offsets. Transform faults can remain stable for millions of years, leaving long linear scars or fracture zones on older seafloor. Propagating ridges migrate in the ridge parallel direction, leaving V-shaped or W-shaped scars on older seafloor. Vertical gravity gradient maps can now accurately depict the details of ridge segmentation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yanpu Zhao, Jan R. Wijbrans, Hua Wang, Pieter Z. Vroon, Jianghao Ma, Yanqiong Zhao
Summary: Hydrochemistry and strontium isotope data were analyzed to study the variations in chemical weathering and CO2 consumption fluxes in the Xi River Drainage system. The main ions were Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3-, indicating a drainage system on carbonate-dominated bedrock. The weathering rates of silicate and carbonate increased downstream, while the carbonate weathering rates peaked in the middle reaches. Chemical weathering variations were mainly controlled by lithology, vegetation, and climate factors. The Xi River Basin is a CO2 sink with a net consumption of CO2 flux.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
R. Dietmar Muller, Nicolas Flament, John Cannon, Michael G. Tetley, Simon E. Williams, Xianzhi Cao, Omer F. Bodur, Sabin Zahirovic, Andrew Merdith
Summary: We present a tectonic-rules-based optimization approach to construct a plate motion model in a mantle reference frame covering the last billion years and use it as a constraint for mantle flow models. Our model results in net lithospheric rotation consistently below 0.25 degrees Myr(-1), in agreement with mantle flow models, while trench motions are confined to a relatively narrow range of -2 to +2 cm yr(-1) since 320 Ma, during Pangea stability and dispersal.