Review
Physiology
Joel D. Trinity, Micah J. Drummond, Caitlin C. Fermoyle, Alec McKenzie, Mark A. Supiano, Russell S. Richardson
Summary: Cardiovasomobility is a concept that focuses on the integration of cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function and their response to physical activity or lack thereof. Physical activity improves health, while a sedentary lifestyle accelerates cardiovascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction and disease progression. Experimental models of inactivity and disuse provide valuable insight into the mechanisms and consequences of vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shuchi Smita, Maria Chikina, Mark J. Shlomchik, Jeremy S. Tilstra
Summary: In murine lupus nephritis, kidney-infiltrating T cells resemble dysfunctional T cells that infiltrate tumors. The kidney microenvironment suppresses T cells by progressively inducing exhausted states. These findings have implications for both autoimmunity and tumor immunology.
Article
Biology
Giuseppe Sirago, Julian Candia, Martino V. Franchi, Fabio Sarto, Elena Monti, Luana Toniolo, Carlo Reggiani, Emiliana Giacomello, Sandra Zampieri, Lisa M. Hartnell, Giuseppe De Vito, Marco Sandri, Luigi Ferrucci, Marco V. Narici
Summary: Chronic inactivity of skeletal muscles leads to neuromuscular instability and muscle atrophy, and blocking the appearance of specific molecules can reduce the severity of muscle loss. Studies on humans and mice have shown that muscle inactivity causes changes in biomarkers and reveals potential mechanisms associated with neuromuscular disruption.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mathieu Horeau, Martine Ropert, Edwin Mulder, Jens Tank, Petra Frings-Meuthen, Gabriele Armbrecht, Olivier Loreal, Frederic Derbre
Summary: In this clinical exploratory study on the effects of artificial gravity (AG) training and simulated microgravity on iron metabolism, it was found that long-term exposure to microgravity significantly increased serum iron concentrations, transferrin saturation levels, and hepcidin concentrations in males, but not in females.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
E. L. Deters, S. L. Hansen
Summary: Transportation of cattle has negative impacts on animal health and production efficiency. This study investigated the physiological responses of beef steers to long-distance road transit and found that it resulted in reduced feed intake and body weight, increased oxidative stress and inflammation markers in the blood, elevated antioxidant enzyme activity in the muscle and liver, and altered abundance of proteins and metabolites related to energy metabolism. The findings highlight the important role of muscle in how cattle respond to and recover from transportation stress.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Marilyn S. Campbell, Nicholas A. Carlini, Bradley S. Fleenor
Summary: Intense exercise can cause muscle damage and decreased physical performance, while curcumin may help alleviate these symptoms. Research suggests that curcumin can improve self-perceived pain and muscle damage, increase antioxidant capacity, and reduce oxidative stress.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Guoding Cao, Monan Lin, Wei Gu, Zaiyu Su, Yagan Duan, Wuqi Song, Hailiang Liu, Fengmin Zhang
Summary: The FOX family of transcription factors, including the FOXA to FOXS subfamilies, play important roles in various biological processes. FOXO3, a member of the FOXO subfamily, has diverse biological effects that are primarily regulated by its phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of FOXO3 affects its subcellular localization and transcriptional activity, and it is involved in various biological processes such as inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair. Moreover, FOXO3 also contributes to the development of diseases and the aging process, and targeting FOXO3 may offer new therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases and longevity.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shingo Takahara, Shubham Soni, Zaid H. Maayah, Mourad Ferdaoussi, Jason R. B. Dyck
Summary: When circulating glucose levels are depleted, the heart may rely on ketone bodies as an alternative energy source, which can also suppress inflammation. Therefore, increasing circulating ketones may be beneficial for the treatment of heart failure.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas Jones, Julianna Blagih, Fabio Zani, April Rees, David G. Hill, Benjamin J. Jenkins, Caroline J. Bull, Diana Moreira, Azari I. M. Bantan, James G. Cronin, Daniele Avancini, Gareth W. Jones, David K. Finlay, Karen H. Vousden, Emma E. Vincent, Catherine A. Thornton
Summary: The research demonstrates that fructose intake can alter immune cell metabolism, leading to increased production of inflammatory cytokines, and reducing metabolic flexibility.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Sheng Yang, Chuan Qin, Zi-Wei Hu, Luo-Qi Zhou, Hai-Han Yu, Man Chen, Dale B. Bosco, Wei Wang, Long-Jun Wu, Dai-Shi Tian
Summary: Microglia can rapidly switch between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes in response to different types of stress, to maintain tissue homeostasis. Metabolic reprogramming is a key driver of microglial immune response, with pro-inflammatory cells favoring glycolysis for energy production, while anti-inflammatory cells mainly rely on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudia Morganti, Keisuke Ito
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction and stem cell exhaustion are characteristic features of aging, particularly in the hematopoietic system. Understanding the key mechanisms of HSC aging, including mitochondrial ROS production and alterations in metabolism, could lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets to prevent, delay, or reverse aspects of the aging process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emre Sahin, Cemal Orhan, Fusun Erten, Besir Er, Manutosh Acharya, Abhijeet A. Morde, Muralidhara Padigaru, Kazim Sahin
Summary: The new formulation of curcumin, NGUC, enhances exercise performance and reduces muscle damage by targeting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and muscle mass regulatory pathways.
Review
Immunology
Arduino A. Mangoni, Angelo Zinellu
Summary: This study evaluated the pathophysiological role of neopterin in patients with rheumatic diseases through systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that neopterin concentrations were significantly higher in patients with RD compared to healthy controls. However, there were no significant associations found between neopterin concentrations and factors such as age and gender ratio, but associations were observed with geographical area and type of RD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez, Alexandra Martin-Rodriguez, Laura Redondo-Florez, Pablo Ruisoto, Eduardo Navarro-Jimenez, Domingo Jesus Ramos-Campo, Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
Summary: Recent research suggests a strong link between the functioning of mitochondria and the development of cancer. Healthy mitochondria play a vital role in maintaining metabolic processes and controlling cell death, but inflammation can harm their function and lead to tissue damage. Engaging in both endurance and resistance exercises, in addition to maintaining an active lifestyle, can help improve mitochondrial functioning and reduce the risk of cancer.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yudong Xia, Xiaoying Zhai, Yanning Qiu, Xuemei Lu, Yi Jiao
Summary: This review explores the complex interplay among Nrf2, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, insulin signaling, and chronic inflammation in obesity, aiming to provide new insights for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.