Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Max K. Shepherd, Ann M. Simon, Joey Zisk, Levi J. Hargrove
Summary: This study aimed to investigate patient preferences for lower limb prosthetic behavior, particularly focusing on alignment during level-ground walking and ankle angles during ramp ascent and descent. The results showed that patients can finely perceive ankle alignment, which can provide baseline behaviors for prosthetic ankles capable of adapting to patient preferences.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dominik Fohrmann, Daniel Hamacher, Alberto Sanchez-Alvarado, Wolfgang Potthast, Patrick Mai, Steffen Willwacher, Karsten Hollander
Summary: Running stability refers to the ability to withstand minor perturbations during running. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of running stability measurements in different laboratory and outdoor conditions. The results showed moderate to excellent reliability for both overground and treadmill running.
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah Dillon, Aoife Burke, Enda F. Whyte, Siobhan O'Connor, Shane Gore, Kieran A. Moran
Summary: Peak accelerations and rate of acceleration show moderate to excellent relative consistency between different running surfaces, but low absolute agreement. Differences in mean values were found for peak accel and rate accel at the shank between overground running and treadmill running, with no significant difference at the lower back.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Max K. Shepherd, Daniel Gunz, Tyler Clites, Christophe Lecomte, Elliott J. Rouse
Summary: This study presents a shape optimization tool for designing running-specific prosthetic feet based on desired endpoint mechanics. The tool was validated through experiments, and it provides insights into the link between prosthesis mechanics and athlete biomechanics and performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Ken Van Alsenoy, Joong Hyun Ryu, Olivier Girard
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether fatigue modifies the effect of custom foot orthoses made from EVA and TPU materials compared to standardized footwear on running mechanics, running economy, and perceived comfort. The results showed that acute intense fatigue does not change the effect of custom foot orthoses with different resilience characteristics on running mechanics, running economy, and perceived comfort.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alberto Encarnacion-Martinez, Pedro Perez-Soriano, Roberto Sanchis-Sanchis, Rafael Berenguer-Vidal, Antonio Garcia-Gallart
Summary: Central fatigue leads to greater increases in range of movements during midstance in running.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Marshall K. Ishmael, Dante Archangeli, Tommaso Lenzi
Summary: This article presents the design, development, and validation of an autonomous powered hip exoskeleton with high torque density. The exoskeleton is capable of assisting users in activities such as walking, running, and climbing stairs.
IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS
(2022)
Article
Robotics
Sarah Hood, Lukas Gabert, Tommaso Lenzi
Summary: This study presents an adaptive stair ascent controller for individuals with above-knee amputations, allowing them to climb stairs of varying heights with their preferred gait patterns and cadence. By modulating the prosthesis position and torque-angle relationship, the controller provides toe clearance and torque assistance for different stair heights.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Marit A. Zandbergen, Luca Marotta, Roos Bulthuis, Jaap H. Buurke, Peter H. Veltink, Jasper Reenalda
Summary: Running kinematics change when a runner fatigues, including increased knee flexion, decreased leg stiffness, and increased body center of mass displacement. Novice and experienced runners show differences in their response to fatigue. Individual-level analysis is recommended to better understand individual response differences compared to group-level analysis.
Article
Sport Sciences
Basilio A. M. Goncalves, David J. Saxby, Evy Meinders, Andrea Hams, Conor Lambert, Taryn Jones, Rod S. Barrett, Laura E. Diamond
Summary: There is no difference in running biomechanics and strength changes after repeated sprint exercise between individuals with FAIS and asymptomatic individuals with and without cam morphology. Self-reported pain does not appear to affect biomechanics during running or strength after repeated sprint exercise in individuals with FAIS.
SPORTS HEALTH-A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Robert Miller, Thomas G. Balshaw, Garry J. Massey, Sumiaki Maeo, Marcel B. Lanza, Michael Johnston, Sam J. Allen, Jonathan P. Folland
Summary: This study investigated the differences in muscle volumes and strength between male elite sprinters, sub-elite sprinters, and untrained controls. The findings suggest that greater hip extensor and gluteus maximus volumes discriminate between elite and sub-elite sprinters and are strongly associated with sprinting performance. The study also found that isometric strength of some muscle groups did not have a significant impact on sprint performance.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
George M. Pamboris, Marika Noorkoiv, Vasilios Baltzopoulos, Douglas W. Powell, Tom Howes, Amir A. Mohagheghi
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dynamic stretching on running economy. The results suggest that dynamic stretching may improve running economy by decreasing joint stiffness, vertical stiffness, and muscle activation. Therefore, dynamic stretching is recommended as part of the warm-up for recreational runners during running training.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Emily L. McClelland, Peter G. Weyand
Summary: Human running performance is stratified by sex, with larger differences observed in longer distance events. In sprint running, the differences between male and female performance increase with distance, while in longer endurance events, the differences remain relatively constant.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jorge L. Storniolo, Gabriela Fischer, Renata Bona, Alexandre Pinho, Alex P. Moorhead, Marcus Tartaruga, Paula Finatto, Leonardo Peyre-Tartaruga
Summary: This study examines the effects of strength training on running performance. The results suggest that improved neuromuscular factors due to strength training may contribute to a higher metabolic economy during running after 8 weeks of intervention. However, no significant improvement in mechanical efficiency was observed.
Article
Physiology
Gaeelle Prigent, Salil Apte, Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu, Cyril Besson, Vincent Gremeaux, Kamiar Aminian
Summary: Understanding the influence of running-induced acute fatigue on the body's homeostasis is crucial for optimizing training outcomes. This study examined the evolution of biomechanical, physiological, and psychological facets during a half-marathon race and found significant alterations in gait, heart rate, and perceived fatigue. Faster runners demonstrated better physiological judgment and greater sensitivity to neuromuscular changes in running gait.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Zoology
M. Janneke Schwaner, Grace A. Freymiller, Rulon W. Clark, Craig P. McGowan
Summary: Research shows that kangaroo rats use their tails to stabilize and control body orientation during vertical escape jumps, with tail motion playing a crucial role in body rotation. However, kangaroo rats rarely utilize their full tail length, highlighting the importance of tail movement through multiple planes simultaneously.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Zoology
M. J. Schwaner, S. T. Hsieh, I Braasch, S. Bradley, C. B. Campos, C. E. Collins, C. M. Donatelli, F. E. Fish, O. E. Fitch, B. E. Flammang, B. E. Jackson, A. Jusufi, P. J. Mekdara, A. Patel, B. J. Swalla, M. Vickaryous, C. P. McGowan
Summary: Tails, as a defining characteristic of chordates, exhibit enormous diversity in form and function across different species. Despite this diversity, tails have not received the same level of scientific attention as other body parts, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in advancing tail research. Embracing a holistic understanding of tail evolution and function requires combining traditional and new experimental approaches within various research areas.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Zoology
M. J. Schwaner, S. T. Hsieh, B. J. Swalla, C. P. McGowan
Summary: Tails are common and versatile appendages in animals' evolutionary success, but a comprehensive scientific synthesis on the topic is still lacking. This symposium brought together researchers from various fields to discuss the definition, development, morphology, and multi-functionality of tails, laying an important foundation for future interdisciplinary tail research.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Grace A. Freymiller, Malachi D. Whitford, M. Janneke Schwaner, Craig P. McGowan, Timothy E. Higham, Rulon W. Clark
Summary: In this study, it was found that jump acceleration remains constant while jump distance increases with body size in kangaroo rats. The muscle mass and cross-sectional area of hind limbs are positively allometric, as well as the cross-sectional area of the ankle extensor tendon. However, hind limb segment length scales isometrically, with the exception of the metatarsals which scale with negative allometry.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Taylor C. Stevenson, James A. Whitlock, Nickolai Martonick, Scott W. Cheatham, Ashley Reeves, Craig McGowan, Russell T. Baker
Summary: This study aims to examine the forces applied by trained clinicians using IASTM instruments during treatment. The average peak normal force was found to be 8.9 N, while the mean normal force was 6.0 N across all clinicians and instruments. These descriptive values can serve as a reference for clinicians and researchers in practice and research.
JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING
(2023)
Article
Biology
M. Janneke Schwaner, David C. Lin, Craig P. McGowan
Summary: The study on jumping by kangaroo rats showed that muscles in the knee and ankle joints increased their shortening and activity with higher jumps. Compared to the knee joint, muscles in the ankle joint were more efficient in extending the shortening velocity, leading to increased power output.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Brooke A. Christensen, David C. Lin, M. Janneke Schwaner, Craig P. McGowan
Summary: Recent research on kangaroo rats suggests that despite their relative thickness, the ankle extensor tendons of these small hoppers are considerably more compliant. This increased compliance allows for greater tendon deformation and elastic energy storage and return, particularly at faster hopping speeds.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Nickolai J. P. Martonick, Ashley J. Reeves, James A. Whitlock, Taylor C. Stevenson, Scott W. Cheatham, Craig P. McGowan, Russell T. Baker
Summary: This study quantified the range of force applied by trained clinicians during a simulated IASTM treatment scenario. The results showed a wide range of forces used by clinicians, consistent with previous research. These findings can be used for further studies on the impact of IASTM treatment force on patient outcomes.
JOURNAL OF SPORT REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Shaun Duffy, Nickolai Martonick, Ashley Reeves, Scott W. Cheatham, Craig McGowan, Russell T. Baker
Summary: This study aimed to assess the reliability of force application by clinicians during a simulated IASTM treatment. The results showed that clinicians trained in IASTM were able to provide sufficiently reliable force application during the treatment process.
JOURNAL OF SPORT REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joseph K. Hall, Craig P. McGowan, David C. Lin
Summary: This study compares the hopping behavior of desert kangaroo rats on solid and granular substrates. The results show that the kinematics of the hop are similar on both types of substrates, despite the fact that sand absorbs mechanical energy. The combination of sand properties, toe-print area, and kangaroo rat weight likely contribute to this similarity.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Owen N. Beck, Paolo Taboga, Alena M. Grabowski
Summary: Although running-prostheses have helped athletes with bilateral leg amputations perform exceptionally well in the 400 m race, they do not provide a significant advantage over biologically legged competitors. Experimental measurements show that athletes with prosthetic legs have similar or slightly inferior performance metrics compared to non-amputee athletes.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joshua R. Tacca, Owen N. Beck, Paolo Taboga, Alena M. Grabowski
Summary: This study investigates the effects of different configurations of prostheses on the biomechanics of athletes with unilateral transtibial amputation during running. The results suggest that changes in prostheses model, stiffness, and height can affect contact length, stance average vertical ground reaction force, step frequency, and leg asymmetry.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Stephen P. Allen, Owen N. Beck, Alena M. Grabowski
Summary: The volume of active muscle and duration of extensor muscle force have a significant impact on the associated metabolic energy expenditure, especially at different step frequencies. Taking into account the changes in effective mechanical advantage (EMA) and muscle volume, the study found a better correlation with metabolic energy expenditure during different step frequencies.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zane A. A. Colvin, Jana R. R. Montgomery, Alena M. M. Grabowski
Summary: People with transtibial amputation using passive-elastic prostheses have higher leg muscle activity and metabolic cost than non-amputees. Stance-phase powered prostheses can reduce metabolic cost for amputees. However, differences in leg muscle activity between different prostheses do not fully explain the differences in metabolic cost.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Nickolai J. P. Martonick, Craig P. McGowan, Russell T. Baker, Lindsay W. Larkins, Jeff G. Seegmiller, Joshua P. Bailey
Summary: The purpose of this study was to examine whether healthy individuals displayed asymmetric trunk and lower extremity kinematics in the frontal and sagittal planes. Both interlimb and single subject models were used for analysis. The results showed that participants had increased pelvic drop on the non-preferred leg during lateral step down. Other bilateral differences were not found for interlimb analyses. Single subject analyses indicated that asymmetries were task dependent, and there were associations between certain tasks in terms of hip and knee motion in the frontal plane.
PHYSICAL THERAPY IN SPORT
(2023)