Article
Energy & Fuels
Qingwu Zhao, Yong Xiong, Xue Yang, Jingyuan Liu, Yong Cheng, Shaobo Ji
Summary: This paper proposes transient repetitive nSDBD ignition using a simple pulse forming circuit to make multi-channel ignition more feasible. Under 20 kHz negative pulses, discharge energy increased from 4 mJ to 8 mJ as pulse number increased from 1 to 12, and filaments grew from 2 mm to 12 mm. Multiple flame kernels were generated in the middle region of the filaments and greatly promoted by subsequent discharges.
Article
Physics, Applied
Karna Patel, Anup Saha, Tanbo Zhou, Terrence R. Meyer, Sally Bane, Aman Satija
Summary: This study investigates the temporal dynamics of atmospheric-pressure nanosecond pulsed plasma discharges in a pin-to-pin electrode configuration using streak-camera line imaging. The discharge emission starts uniformly throughout the interelectrode gap and then decays in two distinct phases. The plasma emission in air and N-2 environments shows significant differences in their temporal dynamics. The formation and relaxation timescales of electronically excited states of N-2 are quantified with sub-nanosecond resolution. The streak-OES technique allows for quantitative time-resolved studies of key chemical species in ultra-short-pulsed plasmas.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Zheng Zhao, Chenjie Li, Xinlei Zheng, Anbang Sun, Jiangtao Li
Summary: This paper investigates the instability and regime transition of nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) discharges. Experimental studies were conducted on needle-needle and needle-plane gaps in gas mixtures. It is found that the discharge regime transitions periodically from corona to glow to spark and back to corona in each pulse train. The duration of the spark regime can be controlled by adding oxygen and adjusting the output impedance of the power supply.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Zheng Zhao, Chenjie Li, Yulin Guo, Xinlei Zheng, Anbang Sun, Jiangtao Li
Summary: In this study, the authors further investigated the stability transitions of nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) discharge and found that the gas flow can affect the discharge and lead to spark quenches. By implementing pulse-sequence and temporally resolved electrical and optical diagnostics, it was revealed that periodical discharge regime transitions are prevalent under long-term repetitive nanosecond pulses. The spark channel before its quench tends to deviate upstream or propagate with a zig-zag profile along the periphery of previous spark regions.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Yu-Ying Wang, Hui-Jie Yan, Hong-Fei Guo, Yong-Feng Xu, Quan-Zhi Zhang, Jian Song
Summary: The time evolution of dielectric barrier discharge driven by nanosecond pulse high-voltage power was studied, revealing a transition from filamentary discharge to diffuse discharge and back to filamentary discharge with increasing discharge cycle. Changes in discharge uniformity were observed to improve initially and then deteriorate, attributed to variations in pre-ionization density and distribution of space charges and surface charges. Experiments at different frequencies and voltages showed a higher likelihood of discharge mode transition at higher frequency and voltage, with characteristics such as high pre-ionization degree, thick filament diameter, and short time lag increasing the probability of transition.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
N. D. Lepikhin, D. Luggenhoelscher, U. Czarnetzki
Summary: The study investigates the electric field in the He:N-2 nanosecond atmospheric pressure plasma jet using the electric-field induced second harmonic generation technique. It suggests calibrating with nanosecond high voltage pulses instead of DC voltage, and observes an electric field profile structure similar to streamers or ionization fronts, confirming the validity of the local field approximation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Anne Bourdon, Francois Pechereau, Fabien Tholin, Zdenek Bonaventura
Summary: The dynamics of a nanosecond positive ionization front generated in a pin-to-plane geometry in atmospheric pressure air were simulated using a 2D axisymmetric drift-diffusion fluid model. The study showed that discharge ignition time and voltage at ignition depend mostly on the voltage rise time, while the connection time strongly relies on both the voltage plateau and rise time values.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
S. Mirpour, S. Nijdam
Summary: This study investigates the responsible species and processes involved in repetitive pulsed streamer inception in CO2. Different phenomena, such as drift, neutralization, and ionization, were observed by applying different low-voltage pulse configurations. Based on the experimental results, a hypothesis was proposed to explain the observed asymmetry in the drift of inception times.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
A. Walsten, K. Xu, C. Sanderson, C. Ballmann, D. Matyas
Summary: The study showed that adjusting the external electric field, frequency, and gas mixture ratio can control the timing and intensity of nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier glow discharge in helium with 1% of argon.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Hsin-Houng Lee, Hong-Yu Chu
Summary: The study reports the generation of long plasma filaments confined in a helium spiral vortex at atmospheric pressure. The discharge is produced by a dielectric barrier discharge setup and confined in the center of a spiral vortex, with the length of the discharge reaching several centimeters.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
T. Huiskamp, C. Ton, M. Azizi, J. J. van Oorschot, H. Hoeft
Summary: In this paper, we presented a solid-state nanosecond pulse source that is capable of generating arbitrary waveforms for pulsed discharge generation. The study demonstrated the control of discharge propagation using stepped waveforms, while showing little effect of rise-time variation. Differences in streamer velocity and structure were observed between discharges in nitrogen and air for the same applied voltage waveform.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Shi Li, Chengjie Bai, Xiaoxiao Chen, Wenjing Meng, Li Li, Jie Pan
Summary: Plasma assisted combustion has the potential to reduce ignition delays and control pollutant emissions. When combining nanosecond repetitive pulsed (NRP) discharge with DC discharge, selectively exciting vibrational and electronic states in molecules can enhance ignition efficiency in methane/air plasma combustion. The kinetic effect of plasma on ignition enhancement surpasses the thermal effect, with the synergistic discharge showing stronger effects compared to NRP discharge.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
He Cheng, Yiqian Li, Kuanlei Zheng, Dawei Liu, Xinpei Lu
Summary: This study presents a unique approach on optimizing the efficiency of NTP-NF through developing a novel nanosecond pulse driving PB-DBD model based on precise studies of plasma dynamics and chemistry. The results show that selectively enhancing the energy of electronically excited dissociation to produce N* is the most efficient way to increase the production of NO in nonthermal plasma. Plasma dynamics indicate that high instantaneously applied power determines the development of ionization waves and NO production.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Yuan Wang, Peng Guo, Haitao Chen, Zheng Chen
Summary: In this study, 1D simulations were conducted to investigate the impact of non-equilibrium plasma generated by repetitively pulsed nanosecond discharge (NSD) on the forced ignition process. It was found that characteristics of NSD such as pulse number, discharge frequency, discharge radius, total input energy, and input energy per pulse significantly affect the ignition delay time and ignition kernel development. The promotion of ignition kernel development and propagation during forced ignition by NSD is mainly attributed to kinetic effects rather than thermal effects.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Jing Li, Wenjiang Tan, Jinhai Si, Shiyun Tang, Zhen Kang, Xun Hou
Summary: The study introduces a feedback-based wavefront shaping technique with an annular phase mask to control the spatial characteristics of femtosecond laser filamentation in K9 glass. A closed-loop feedback driven by a genetic algorithm allows flexible adjustment of filament length, continuity, and position. This method demonstrates the potential for flexible regulation of the spatial characteristics of femtosecond laser filamentation for various applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tianqi Zhang, Renwu Zhou, Shuai Zhang, Rusen Zhou, Jia Ding, Fengwang Li, Jungmi Hong, Liguang Dou, Tao Shao, Anthony B. Murphy, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov, Patrick J. Cullen
Summary: This study demonstrates successful ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and water using nonthermal plasma catalysis. The findings suggest that plasma-induced vibrational excitation and matched catalysts in the nonthermal plasma discharge reactor contribute to molecular dissociation. The results show that the ruthenium catalyst supported on magnesium oxide exhibits superior performance in ammonia production. This research highlights the potential of nonthermal plasma catalysis for sustainable ammonia production.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Jiacong Li, Yuan Gao, Liguang Dou, Cheng Zhang, Jun Du, Tao Shao
Summary: The study presents an innovative method for converting CH4 to higher alcohols using pulsed plasma, with experimental results showing a correlation between product distribution and changes in electric field and reactants composition. Addition of H2O and H2O2 effectively promotes the selectivity of C2-C4 alcohols.
PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xin Zeng, Shuai Zhang, Xiucui Hu, Cheng Zhang, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov, Tao Shao
Summary: With the increase in the greenhouse effect and reduction of fossil fuel resources, finding a feasible solution to directly convert power to chemicals using renewable energy is urgent. The power-to-chemicals approach, such as non-thermal plasma, electro-catalysis, and photo-catalysis, has shown great potential in the past two decades. This paper introduces the application of plasma technology in energy conversion, focusing on plasma-enabled ammonia synthesis and analyzing its state-of-the-art, mechanisms, and techno-economics. It emphasizes the importance of the power-to-chemicals approach in reducing carbon emissions and environmental pollution.
FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Chuansheng Zhang, Chenhua Ren, Yu Feng, Fei Kong, Zhaoliang Xing, Chengyan Ren, Cheng Zhang, Tao Shao
Summary: This study investigates the influence of electrode curvature, contact area, and material on the dc breakdown in BOPP films, and explores the surface potential and trap distribution. Simulations of surface charge, electric field, and energy injection are conducted, and the breakdown path and degradation traces in BOPP films are analyzed. The results reveal that the effective insulation distance, influenced by trap distribution and density, is crucial for determining the actual performance of the film. This study has implications for optimizing the insulation structure of dry-type film capacitors in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) applications.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Bangdou Huang, Cheng Zhang, Chuansheng Zhang, Tao Shao
Summary: In this study, a bipolar nanosecond high-voltage pulse generator was developed to generate an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet. The influence of pulse intervals on the generation of active species and energy branching was explored. It was found that pulse intervals can effectively modulate the generation of certain active species and increase the energy fraction of vibrational excitation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
N. Yu Babaeva, G. Naidis, D. Tereshonok, V. F. Tarasenko, D. Beloplotov, D. A. Sorokin
Summary: This paper investigates the structure and dynamics of wide negative streamers in air and helium under high overvoltages with short rise times applied to a sharp needle electrode, using both experimental and computational methods. Different shapes of streamers were observed when fast electrons were taken into account. The velocities of streamers were significantly increased with the presence of fast electrons. Additionally, the study also observed the formation of a discharge with several parallel streamers under high overvoltages.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
N. Yu Babaeva, G. Naidis, V. F. Tarasenko, D. A. Sorokin, Cheng Zhang, Tao Shao
Summary: In this study, the properties of ionization waves (IWs) in a multi-pulsed plasma jet were investigated using a two-dimensional computational approach. The IWs were generated by applying three short negative pulses with a repetition frequency of 12.5 MHz. The simulations accounted for both surface charges and space charges accumulated inside and outside the tube. It was found that IWs could emerge from the tube exit at both the rising and falling edges of the pulses, and the remnants of charges played a crucial role in the discharge evolution. The IWs generated by the second pulse significantly increased the plasma plume length, while those generated by the third pulse eventually decayed due to the accumulated charges from previous pulses, which could lead to the extinction of IWs.
PLASMA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Dmitry Beloplotov, Victor Tarasenko, Dmitry Sorokin, Cheng Zhang, Tao Shao
Summary: The development of positive and negative streamers in a point-to-plane gap filled with air and nitrogen at various pressures and voltages was studied. The electrical parameters were measured with high resolution using a four-channel intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) and a streak-camera. The study found that high voltages or negative polarity result in the formation of large-diameter streamers both in nitrogen and air in the entire pressure range. The generation of runaway electrons (REs) near the pointed cathode and the simultaneous ionization of the gas in the final stage of streamer development were also observed.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Fei Kong, Jingyi Yan, Chuansheng Zhang, Wei Yang, Kun Wang, Cheng Zhang, Tao Shao
Summary: The thermal conductivity of polymer materials is crucial for high-voltage electrical insulation. To address the issue of insulation failure and damage caused by increased heat accumulation, the addition of fillers with high thermal conductivity is a common solution. However, the interfacial thermal resistance between filler and bulk materials poses a major obstacle. In this study, nanofillers are modified using plasma technology to reduce interfacial thermal resistance. Results showed significant increase in thermal conductivity after plasma modification, with the sample modified by Ar+O2 atmosphere exhibiting a 35% increase in thermal conductivity. These findings have potential implications for the development of high-performance epoxy composites.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Shuai Zhang, Wei Han, Xiucui Hu, Hao Sun, Zhe Fan, Tao Shao
Summary: Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is an effective and clean way to enhance catalyst performance. This paper explores the use of different NTP techniques to treat catalyst surfaces, resulting in significant changes in surface morphology, chemical states, and functional groups.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xiucui Hu, Shuai Zhang, Liguang Dou, Yuan Gao, Cheng Zhang, Tao Shao
Summary: In this study, an environmentally friendly plasma-thermal catalytic process was developed for the sustainable synthesis of ammonia using M/CeO2 and M/MgO catalysts (M = Ru, Fe) in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results showed that the support properties played a crucial role in the synergistic effect, with Ru/CeO2 catalyst achieving the highest ammonia synthesis rate of 6.8 mmol g-1 h-1 at 400°C under a N2:H2 ratio of 1:3. The structure-activity relationship of the catalysts was characterized using various techniques, revealing the synergistic effect between plasma and catalyst in increasing the concentration of ammonia.
Article
Physics, Applied
Jie Pan, Bin Li, Liguang Dou, Yuan Gao, Pengchen He, Tao Shao
Summary: Packing heterogeneous catalysts is critical for CO2 conversion into high-value chemicals. In this study, CoO-based catalysts were synthesized, and the treated H-2/Ar-CoO showed four times higher CH3OH selectivity compared to the initial CoO. The plasma treatment significantly increased the oxygen vacancy concentration of H-2/Ar-CoO, leading to accelerated CH3O/OH adsorption and recombination with H/CH3, facilitated by abundant OH/H radicals from H2O.
PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Chenhua Ren, Bangdou Huang, Cheng Zhang, Bo Qi, Weijiang Chen, Tao Shao
Summary: In this work, the formation and diffuse discharge of runaway electrons (RAEs) in atmospheric pressure air were investigated using particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulation, taking into account the field enhancement effect near the cathode surface micro-protrusion. The results showed that the beam amplitude of RAEs is determined by the field enhancement factor and the initial energy of electrons near the micro-protrusion. RAEs precede low energy electrons and guide the discharge propagation by improving pre-ionization, leading to a transition from filamentary discharge mode to diffuse mode and the formation of a wide streamer with a conical shape.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yadi Liu, Xiaojiao Wu, Xiaolong Wang, Hao Sun, Tao Shao
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of plasma hydrogenation technology to efficiently hydrogenate heavy oil model compounds. The results show that hydrogen-rich plasma, compared to methane-rich plasma, has higher density and slower consumption rate of hydrogen radicals, leading to more efficient hydrogenation of aromatic rings. However, an increase in hydrogen radical density may lead to the cleavage of hydrogenated products, undermining the overall effectiveness.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yu Feng, Chuansheng Zhang, Liguang Dou, Cheng Zhang, Tao Shao
Summary: This article introduces a newly developed all-solid-state pulsed power generator for dielectric barrier discharge applications. By connecting the modules in series, high-voltage pulses can be achieved, and further voltage gain is obtained by using a step-up transformer. The article also proposes a novel shaping method to solve waveform distortion problems. The concept of the proposed PPG analysis is validated through experiments.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
