Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Guangyuan Wang, Yuan Qin, Sen Yang
Summary: The study investigated the process of laser direct deposition to produce W-Cu composite material, focusing on the laser-powder interaction and particle transport phenomena. By establishing models and conducting simulations, the research successfully explained the microstructure formation of W-Cu composites during laser deposition.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qingfei Bian, Kong Ling, Renkun Dai, Min Zeng
Summary: A three-dimensional numerical layer cladding model was developed in this study to investigate the heat and mass transfer characteristics and formation mechanism in the DLD manufacturing process. The results showed that in any cladding layer, a smooth, continuous, equal height, and common width cladding layer is formed. The sub-layer reverse scanning strategy can effectively improve surface roughness, and the front layer residual heat has significant influence on the multilayer cladding process. Additionally, the layer evolution will enter a quasi-steady state.
NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Bin Han, Rui Li, Qingyang Pi, Yan Shi, Huan Qi, Kedong Bi, Guifang Sun
Summary: The nozzle structure in laser direct metal deposition (DMD) process significantly affects the powder mass concentration distribution, which in turn affects deposit profiles and quality. A molten pool model was developed using the described powder mass concentration distribution for symmetrical discrete nozzles without powder feeding simulations. The model successfully predicted the evolution of molten pool dimensions, temperature and velocity fields, and characteristics of single-track deposits.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Yi-Ju Chou, Yu-Hsuan Mai, Chien-Chou Tseng
Summary: The study investigates coaxial powder flow for the laser direct deposition process using large-eddy simulation and Lagrangian particle tracking. The simulation shows the impact of particle velocity distribution on particle temperature, and how the substrate position affects the distribution of the powder stream.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Theodore Gabor, Huitaek Yun, Semih Akin, Kyung-Han Kim, Jong -Kwon Park, Martin Byung-Guk Jun
Summary: Direct Laser Metal Deposition (DLMD) is an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique that utilizes a high powered laser to fuse metallic powders deposited from a nozzle onto a substrate. This study investigates the impact of different nozzle groove geometries on spray focusing, with straight grooves and helical grooves showing improved powder concentration and reduced spray divergence.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Jiahzu Wu, Xiaoqiang Zheng, Yi Zhang, Song Ren, Cunhong Yin, Yang Cao, Dabin Zhang
Summary: In this study, a comprehensive modeling framework for whole-phase heat transport for coaxial laser-based directed energy deposition (L-DED) is developed. The influence of two typical spatial laser beam profiles, Gaussian profile (GP) and super-Gaussian profile (SGP), on the heat transport behavior is investigated. The results show that using SGP can reduce the thermal deformation during L-DED.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuan Chen, Xi Chen, Meng Jiang, Zhenglong Lei, Zhe Wang, Jingwei Liang, Shibo Wu, Shengchong Ma, Nan Jiang, Yanbin Chen
Summary: Wire-based additive manufacturing (AM) has great potential in fabricating large-scale titanium aerospace components due to its high deposition rate and low cost. In this study, a novel coaxial laser metal wire deposition (LMWD) process was used to fabricate Ti6Al4V, a commonly used titanium alloy. The deposited Ti6Al4V exhibited high surface quality and a refined microstructure, resulting in low anisotropy in mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Crystallography
Qipeng Liu, Kun Yang, Yuehua Gao, Fencheng Liu, Chunping Huang, Liming Ke
Summary: The study analyzes the geometric characteristics of powder flow and provides calculation formulas, validating their simplicity and practicality in controlling powder flow in the forming process.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Obrad Anicic, Nebojsa Denic, Zoran Nesic, Milos Todosijevic, Sanel Mehmedi
Summary: This article aims to identify the most influential attributes for optimal conditions in directed energy deposition. An adaptive neural fuzzy inference system is used to categorize melt pool depth, revealing that laser power has the greatest influence. The combination of laser power and melt pool width has the greatest impact on melt pool depth.
ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Vito Errico, Sabina Luisa Campanelli, Andrea Angelastro, Michele Dassisti, Marco Mazzarisi, Cesare Bonserio
Summary: The study aimed to optimize deposition strategies for thin walls in AISI 316L stainless steel, utilizing a coaxial monitoring system and image processing algorithms to determine the best deposition strategy. The results highlighted the efficiency and stability of the region-based active contour algorithm in image processing, providing the correct building strategy for DMLD manufactured 3D components.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Haiying Wei, Keke Deng, Yuan Tan, Wen Liu
Summary: This research proposes a printing time model based on motion state and establishes a printing time-driven printing cost model to reveal the correlation of efficiency, energy, and cost. The study shows that printing time is positively related to the continuity length of deposition path, leading to significant differences in energy consumption and printing cost.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Christopher Katinas, Tyler Throop, Yung C. Shin, Alex Frank
Summary: This paper presents an experimental and simulation analysis of laser cladding of Stellite-6 on mild steel and HY80 substrates. The study reveals the impact of parameter adjustment on the cladding effect during the process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Felix Stockmeier, Michael Schatz, Malte Habermann, John Linkhorst, Ali Mani, Matthias Wessling
Summary: The study introduces a new experimental method for time-resolved recording of the 3D electroconvective velocity field near a cation-exchange membrane, visualizing the spatio-temporal velocity field in 3D at multiples of the overlimiting current density. The research reveals changes in the velocity field from vortex rolls to vortex rings with increasing current density, with significant impacts on mean square velocities and temporal spectra rather than spatial spectra.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiakun Wang, Yushan Chen, Yunhua Zhang, Youcai Zhang, Junjie Li, Jin Liu, Yan Liu, Weizhou Li
Summary: In this study, the microstructure and acid corrosion performance of CoCrFeNiCu1-xMox (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) high-entropy alloys fabricated by laser deposition were investigated. The results showed that CoCrFeNiCu0.25Mo0.75 with FCC structure exhibited desirable corrosion resistance with significant improvements in corrosion current density and impedance compared to the substrate.
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Keigo Tanaka, Takuto Yamaguchi
Summary: A direct observation technique using quartz glass visualized the bubble generation processes inside a molten pool during laser cladding. The processes differed between the cladding of Inconel 625 and WC-12 wt% Co powders.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bin Zhang, Yung C. Shin
Summary: The paper presents a novel approach to build a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model of an unknown nonlinear system from experimental data. The T-S fuzzy models are derived from the direct linearization of neuro-fuzzy models, and operating points are chosen using an evolutionary strategy to minimize approximation error, allowing the models to closely approximate the original unknown nonlinear system. Optimal controllers are designed and implemented based on T-S fuzzy models for a nonlinear two-link flexible joint robot, showcasing the possibility of applying model-based optimal control methods to unknown nonlinear dynamic systems.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Christopher Katinas, Tyler Throop, Yung C. Shin, Alex Frank
Summary: This paper presents an experimental and simulation analysis of laser cladding of Stellite-6 on mild steel and HY80 substrates. The study reveals the impact of parameter adjustment on the cladding effect during the process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mohamed G. Elkhateeb, Yung C. Shin
Summary: By utilizing MSG to simulate compression and tensile behaviors, the predicted results matched well with experimental data, indicating the presence of martensite as the reason behind the high strength and reduced ductility in AMed Ti6Al4V. Moreover, considering the microstructure in SG allowed the MSG simulations to align with experiments, showing reductions in strength and improvements in maximum elongations in AMed+heat treated Ti6Al4V due to grain coarsening and absence of martensite.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Hongguang Liu, Yung C. Shin
Summary: Steels, being the most commonly used multi-phase materials in the industry, have their mechanical behaviors determined by microstructure, composition, and phase fractions. A novel multi-scale approach based on predicting the material behaviors of multi-phase steels using phase fractions has been introduced, which allows for quick and accurate determination of material behavior.
ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shunyu Liu, Kyung-min Hong, Yung C. Shin
Summary: The study presents a novel 3D Cellular Automata-Phase Field (CA-PF) model for accurately predicting dendrite formation in a large domain, combining the efficiency of CA model with the fidelity of PF model. By coupling thermodynamic and kinetic calculations into the PF component, the model can handle microstructure evolution of complex multi-component alloys.
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Neil S. Bailey, Yung C. Shin
Summary: In this study, a hybrid Cellular Automata/Phase Field model and a solid-state phase transformation model were used to predict microstructure evolution and solid-state phase transformation during laser direct deposition. The results showed that the microstructure of the target track was strongly influenced by heat, and the predicted hardness values were consistent with experimental results.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mohamed G. Elkhateeb, Shunyu Liu, Yung C. Shin
Summary: In this paper, a computationally efficient multiscale framework based on XMSG is proposed for predicting the mechanical properties of AM Ti6Al4V parts. It is shown that XMSG offers higher computational efficiency with the same level of accuracy compared to other conventional methods and is capable of predicting the tensile, compression, and anisotropic behavior of AM Ti6Al4V.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Corbin M. Grohol, Yung C. Shin, Alex Frank
Summary: This study presents a method for depositing quench-sensitive age-hardening aluminum alloy clads without the need for solution heat treatment. The method involves using a high-powered diode laser and off-axis powder injection for melting the material. Quenching with liquid nitrogen immediately after the cladding process improves cooling rate and increases hardness response. The method was successfully demonstrated on aluminum alloy 6061 powder. In-situ liquid nitrogen quenching improved the clad hardness, and transmission electron microscopy revealed increased precipitate density as the reason for the hardness increase.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
V Harinarayana, Y. C. Shin
Summary: In this study, a comprehensive design and fabrication of a three-dimensional axisymmetric auxetic structure that exhibits uniform and axisymmetric transverse deformation under longitudinal compression loading is proposed. The design of the metamaterial is generated by revolving a two-dimensional parabolic curve along the axis of rotation and subsequently perforating the structure periodically with elliptical voids. The significance of the perforations is elucidated by comparing the metamaterial structure to a plain structure.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shunyu Liu, Corbin M. Grohol, Yung C. Shin
Summary: This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of utilizing the blown-powder additive manufacturing process, directed energy deposition (DED), for the design and synthesis of high entropy alloys (HEAs). Different microstructures of CoCrFeNiTi HEAs were successfully synthesized through a careful design of composition and particle size. The HEAs exhibited high oxidation resistance and hardness values, comparable to popular wear-resistant materials.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Akash Aggarwal, Yung C. Shin, Arvind Kumar
Summary: A predictive powder-bed model was developed to study the coupling between optical and thermo-hydrodynamical phenomena in the laser powder bed fusion process. Discrete element modeling was used to predict the configuration of powder particles, and thermo-fluidic simulations were conducted to investigate various aspects of the process. The model successfully incorporated factors such as laser power, scanning speed, beam spot diameter, and powder layer thickness to analyze melting modes and transient beam absorption.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bin Zhang, Yung C. Shin
Summary: An adaptive Gaussian mixture filter is proposed in this paper to accurately estimate the state distribution of highly nonlinear dynamic systems by refining Gaussian mixture models based on the local severity of nonlinearity.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
J. Lee, S. Akin, J. R. Walsh, M. B. G. Jun, H. Lee, Y. C. Shin
Summary: This study develops functionally gradient multi-layer coatings on the Nitinol surface for orthopedic implant applications. It aims to eliminate potentially toxic Ni ion release and improve biocompatibility. The coatings are manufactured using the direct energy deposition (DED) technique and have superior bonding strength due to their completely alloyed microstructure. A hydroxyapatite (HA) biomedical over-coating is also applied to enhance biocompatibility. The results show promising potential for the novel Nitinol structure in orthopedic and other implantable applications, with low Ni ion release rate and strong bonding strength.
PROGRESS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Michael Porro, Bin Zhang, Akanksha Parmar, Yung C. Shin
Summary: This study develops a predictive model that estimates the mechanical properties of metal parts based on microstructural data. It demonstrates the efficacy of the model in predicting the relationship between grain size and shape features and mechanical properties.
INTEGRATING MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING INNOVATION
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Mechanical
Ehsan Malekipour, Homero Valladares, Suchana Jahan, Yung Shin, Hazim El-Mounayri
Summary: Avoiding thermal abnormalities in powder bed fusion is essential to minimize the failure rate and manufacturing lead time of complex parts. Laser parameters such as power and speed significantly influence the temperature distribution within the layers. The use of artificial neural networks shows promise in correlating laser power with temperature distribution for improved control of the process.
THERMOMECHANICS & INFRARED IMAGING, INVERSE PROBLEM METHODOLOGIES, MECHANICS OF ADDITIVE & ADVANCED MANUFACTURED MATERIALS, AND ADVANCEMENTS IN OPTICAL METHODS & DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION, VOL 4
(2022)