Article
Optics
Jingyuan Zheng, You Xiao, Mingzhong Hu, Yuchen Zhao, Hao Li, Lixing You, Xue Feng, Fang Liu, Kaiyu Cui, Yidong Huang, Wei Zhang
Summary: In this work, a photon counting reconstructive spectrometer combining metasurfaces and superconducting nano-wire single-photon detectors is proposed. The prototype device fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate supports spectral reconstruction of mono-color lights with a resolution of 2 nm in the wavelength region of 1500-1600 nm. The experiment results demonstrate its potential to be applied in scenarios requiring real-time measurement.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Optics
Yanqiu Guan, Haochen Li, Li Xue, Rui Yin, Labao Zhang, Hao Wang, Guanghao Zhu, Lin Kang, Jian Chen, Peiheng Wu
Summary: This article reviews the advantages and applications of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) in single-photon Lidar systems, and prospects the future development.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Maximilian Protte, Varun B. Verma, Jan Philipp Hoepker, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam, Tim J. Bartley
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of micron-wide tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on a silicon substrate using laser lithography. We show the saturated internal detection efficiencies of different wire widths under illumination at 1550 nm. Both straight wires and meandered structures are demonstrated. Additionally, single-photon sensitivity is exhibited in devices up to 4 mm in length. Laser-lithographically written devices allow for fast and easy structuring of large areas while maintaining a saturated internal efficiency for wire widths around 1 μm.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Claire E. Marvinney, Brian E. Lerner, Alexander A. Puretzky, Aaron J. Miller, Benjamin J. Lawrie
Summary: The study found that the kinetic inductance of large-area SNSPDs is affected by the optical spot size, with large spot sizes increasing the probability of slow rise times and showing a position sensitive response. Furthermore, in the case of low bias currents, dark counts arise from locations spanning the device.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Philipp Karl, Sandra Mennle, Monika Ubl, Philipp Flad, Jing-Wei Yang, Tzu-Yu Peng, Yu-Jung Lu, Harald Giessen
Summary: With the rapid progress of quantum technologies, superconducting nanowire single photon detectors have become a better alternative to conventional avalanche photodiodes, utilizing resonant plasmonic perfect absorber effects to achieve high absorption efficiency.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lingdong Kong, Qingyuan Zhao, Hui Wang, Jiawei Guo, Haiyangbo Lu, Hao Hao, Shuya Guo, Xuecou Tu, Labao Zhang, Xiaoqing Jia, Lin Kang, Xinglong Wu, Jian Chen, Peiheng Wu
Summary: The spectrometer without wavelength multiplexing optics reduces complexity and physical footprint, achieving broadband spectral responsivity and high resolution. Additionally, precise time-of-flight measurements enable multifunctional LiDAR systems.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Emma E. Wollman, Varun B. Verma, Alexander B. Walter, Jeff Chiles, Boris Korzh, Jason P. Allmaras, Yao Zhai, Adriana E. Lita, Adam N. McCaughan, Ekkehart Schmidt, Simone Frasca, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam, Matthew D. Shaw
Summary: Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors have shown potential for high pixel stability required for the Origins Space Telescope mission. Recent advances in fabrication techniques have expanded their sensitivity to mid-IR wavelengths and enabled larger active areas and pixel arrays.
JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Giovanni V. Resta, Lorenzo Stasi, Matthieu Perrenoud, Sylvain El-Khoury, Tiff Brydges, Rob Thew, Hugo Zbinden, Felix Bussieres
Summary: Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with high system detection efficiency (SDE), low dark counts, and fast recovery time have enabled the realization of various quantum optics technologies. This article presents an SNSPD array composed of 14 independent pixels, achieving an SDE of 90% in the telecommunications band. By reading each pixel of the array independently, the detection of telecommunication photons at 1.5 GHz with 45% absolute SDE is demonstrated. The dynamic photon-number resolution of the array is exploited for accurate state reconstruction of a wide range of light inputs, including long-duration light pulses obtained with cavity-based sources. Two-photon and three-photon fidelities of 74% and 57% are shown, respectively, representing state-of-the-art results for fiber-coupled SNSPDs.
Article
Physics, Applied
Marco Colangelo, Boris Korzh, Jason P. Allmaras, Andrew D. Beyer, Andrew S. Mueller, Di Zhu, Stephen Smith, Wolfgang Becker, Lautaro Narvaez, Joshua C. Bienfang, Simone Frasca, Angel E. Velasco, Alexander B. Walter, Ekkehart Schmidt, Emma E. Wollman, Richard Mirin, Sae Woo, Karl K. Berggern, Matthew D. Shaw
Summary: The design of detectors based on transmission-line engineering and differential readout enables high system detection efficiency and low detector jitter. The differential detectors achieve a system detection efficiency of around 83.3% at 1550 nm and 78% at 775 nm. The detectors have short response time and can be used for time-correlated single-photon counting with high-dynamic-range response functions and photon-number resolution. The system has potential applications in quantum computing, quantum communication, and other scientific fields.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Lily Hallett, Ilya Charaev, Akshay Agarwal, Andrew Dane, Marco Colangelo, Di Zhu, Karl K. Berggren
Summary: The comprehensive study on molybdenum nitride (MoN) thin film deposition using direct current reactive magnetron sputtering revealed the material's potential for practical applications in low-temperature superconductors, such as single-photon detectors and transition-edge sensors. Additionally, the investigation of various deposition conditions showed the effect on the superconducting and electrical properties of the films, with meander-shaped single-photon detectors made from 5 nm MoN films demonstrating saturated quantum detection efficiency at the telecom wavelength of 1550 nm.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Hao Hao, Qing-Yuan Zhao, Ling-Dong Kong, Shi Chen, Hui Wang, Yang-Hui Huang, Jia-Wei Guo, Chao Wan, Hao Liu, Xue-Cou Tu, La-Bao Zhang, Xiao-Qing Jia, Jian Chen, Lin Kang, Cong Li, Te Chen, Gui-Xing Cao, Pei-Heng Wu
Summary: Photon number resolving is crucial for detectors in quantum and classical applications. By utilizing a matched filter and a cryogenic amplifier, the performance of series PNR-SNSPD can be improved, achieving a maximum resolved photon number of 65 or even larger.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Feifei Wang, Fuqiang Ren, Zhuoran Ma, Liangqiong Qu, Ronan Gourgues, Chun Xu, Ani Baghdasaryan, Jiachen Li, Iman Esmaeil Zadeh, Johannes W. N. Los, Andreas Fognini, Jessie Qin-Dregely, Hongjie Dai
Summary: By studying light scattering and utilizing new materials technology, the imaging depth of high-resolution optical microscopy in live mammals can be improved. This study demonstrates single-photon excitation fluorescence imaging in the NIR-IIc range, achieving the longest single-photon excitation and emission wavelengths to date for in vivo imaging of mice.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Martin A. Wolff, Fabian Beutel, Jonas Schuette, Helge Gehring, Matthias Haeussler, Wolfram Pernice, Carsten Schuck
Summary: This work demonstrates a method to achieve high detection efficiency and wide wavelength range in a single waveguide-integrated SNSPD device, with efficient coupling between optical fibers and detectors through a three-dimensional interface.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lingdong Kong, Qingyuan Zhao, Hui Wang, Yanghui Huang, Shi Chen, Hao Hao, Jiawei Guo, Xuecou Tu, Labao Zhang, Xiaoqing Jia, Lin Kang, Jian Chen, Peiheng Wu
Summary: This research utilized a tapered superconducting nanowire single-photon detector to create a probabilistic energy-to-amplitude mapping, achieving spectral resolving capacity. Experimental observations demonstrated distinctive dependencies of pulse amplitude distributions on varied input spectra, providing a new approach to designing spectrum-sensitive SNSPDs for low-light spectroscopic applications.
Article
Optics
Ling-Dong Kong, Hui Wang, Qing-Yuan Zhao, Jia-Wei Guo, Yang-Hui Huang, Hao Hao, Shi Chen, Xue-Cou Tu, La-Bao Zhang, Xiao-Qing Jia, Lin Kang, Jian Chen, Pei-Heng Wu
Summary: A kilopixel imager is developed by introducing an orthogonal time-amplitude-multiplexing method in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. The readout is solely built in the nanowire structure to manipulate the hotspot growth and microwave propagation after photon detection. The experiment results show that the imager has high pixel fidelity and temporal resolution, making it suitable for single-photon imaging experiments in photon-starved conditions. This research is of great importance for the development of large-scale single-photon imagers in fields such as quantum measurements, remote sensing, and astronomical telescopes.
Article
Physics, Applied
G. Catelani, K. Li, C. J. Axline, T. Brecht, L. Frunzio, R. J. Schoelkopf, L. Glazman
Summary: This study theoretically explores the ac response of type I superconductors with trapped flux, revealing that the main dissipation mechanism is the absorption of the ac field at the exposed surfaces of the normal regions. The developed theory is used to estimate the degradation of quality factors in field-cooled cavities, showing satisfactory comparison with experimental results.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Giovanni Landi, Sergio Pagano, Heinz Christoph Neitzert, Costantino Mauro, Carlo Barone
Summary: Noise spectroscopy focuses on electric fluctuations caused by intrinsic physical mechanisms in conductive materials. Through the study of fluctuation properties, complex electrical transport phenomena can be interpreted, providing valuable information for research and applications. Low-frequency electric noise analysis has been used for over 20 years to assess the quality of solar cells and photovoltaic modules, as well as the reliability of heterojunction solar cells. This spectroscopic tool can reveal specific aspects of radiation damage, and accurately characterize temperature-dependent electrical behaviors of charge carriers, allowing for direct evaluation of system health. Real-time monitoring of noise response is crucial in identifying microscopic sources of fluctuations and their dynamic processes, aiding in the improvement of efficiency and performance of emerging photovoltaic devices. This study presents detailed electrical transport and noise characterizations of three types of solar cells (silicon-based, organic, and perovskite-based), interpreting the results using specific physical models.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Giovanni Filatrella, Carlo Barone, Giovanni Carapella, Claudio Gatti, Veronica Granata, Claudio Guarcello, Costantino Mauro, A. S. Piedjou Komnang, Vincenzo Pierro, Alessio Rettaroli, Sergio Pagano
Summary: This study analyzes the performances of a Josephson junction as a detector of weak signals using the theoretical estimate of the Kumar-Carroll index. Numerical simulations of the device's performances are compared with receiver operating characteristics, revealing the rate of false detection and the probability to miss a signal. The results demonstrate the usefulness and limitations of the Kumar-Carroll parameter in improving detection, but also highlight the discrepancies between theoretical estimates and actual performances.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Veronica Granata, Guerino Avallone, Carlo Barone, Matteo Borghesi, Silvia Capelli, Giovanni Carapella, Anna Paola Caricato, Iacopo Carusotto, Alessandro Cian, Daniele Di Gioacchino, Emanuele Enrico, Paolo Falferi, Luca Fasolo, Marco Faverzani, Elena Ferri, Giovanni Filatrella, Claudio Gatti, Andrea Giachero, Damiano Giubertoni, Angelo Greco, Claudio Guarcello, Danilo Labranca, Angelo Leo, Carlo Ligi, Giovanni Maccarrone, Federica Mantegazzini, Benno Margesin, Giuseppe Maruccio, Costantino Mauro, Renato Mezzena, Anna Grazia Monteduro, Angelo Nucciotti, Luca Oberto, Luca Origo, Sergio Pagano, Vincenzo Pierro, Luca Piersanti, Mauro Rajteri, Alessio Rettaroli, Silvia Rizzato, Andrea Vinante, Mario Zannoni
Summary: The growing interest in quantum technologies requires highly performing electronics with minimal noise. Superconducting microwave amplifiers have excellent noise and gain performances but still have room for improvement in terms of bandwidth and saturation power. The DARTWARS collaboration is developing state-of-the-art microwave superconducting amplifiers to address these challenges.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Claudio Guarcello, Guerino Avallone, Carlo Barone, Matteo Borghesi, Silvia Capelli, Giovanni Carapella, Anna Paola Caricato, Iacopo Carusotto, Alessandro Cian, Daniele Di Gioacchino, Emanuele Enrico, Paolo Falferi, Luca Fasolo, Marco Faverzani, Elena Ferri, Giovanni Filatrella, Claudio Gatti, Andrea Giachero, Damiano Giubertoni, Veronica Granata, Angelo Greco, Danilo Labranca, Angelo Leo, Carlo Ligi, Giovanni Maccarrone, Federica Mantegazzini, Benno Margesin, Giuseppe Maruccio, Costantino Mauro, Renato Mezzena, Anna Grazia Monteduro, Angelo Nucciotti, Luca Oberto, Luca Origo, Sergio Pagano, Vincenzo Pierro, Luca Piersanti, Mauro Rajteri, Alessio Rettaroli, Silvia Rizzato, Andrea Vinante, Mario Zannoni
Summary: The recent developments in quantum technologies and advanced detection experiments have increased the demand for detecting extremely weak signals in the microwave frequency spectrum. The Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier, capable of reaching the quantum noise limit with a wide bandwidth, has been proposed as a suitable cryogenic front-end amplifier. This study numerically investigates the Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier without approximations, focusing on the system's coupled nonlinear differential equations and examining the output signals and their characteristics.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alessandro D'Elia, Alessio Rettaroli, Simone Tocci, Danilo Babusci, Carlo Barone, Matteo Beretta, Bruno Buonomo, Fabio Chiarello, Nassim Chikhi, Daniele Di Gioacchino, Giulietto Felici, Giovanni Filatrella, Mikhail Fistul, Luca Foggetta, Claudio Gatti, Evgeni Il'ichev, Carlo Ligi, Mikhail Lisitskiy, Giovanni Maccarrone, Francesco Mattioli, Gregor Oelsner, Sergio Pagano, Luca Piersanti, Berardo Ruggiero, Guido Torrioli, Alexandre Zagoskin
Summary: Axions detection requires ultimate sensitivity and extremely low dark-count rate. This article introduces two approaches based on superconducting devices using the Josephson effect, one using a single Josephson junction as a switching detector, and the other using two resonators coupled via a superconducting qubit network.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Optics
Daniel F. Santavicca
Summary: Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, known for their excellent performance, face challenges in developing large-format imaging arrays. However, a new approach utilizing sectioning a single nanowire has enabled an eightfold improvement in spatial resolution and the creation of a 1,024-pixel imager.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. Borghesi, C. Barone, S. Capelli, G. Carapella, A. P. Caricato, I. Carusotto, A. Cian, D. Di Gioacchino, E. Enrico, P. Falferi, L. Fasolo, M. Faverzani, E. Ferri, G. Filatrella, C. Gatti, A. Giachero, D. Giubertoni, V. Granata, A. Greco, C. Guarcello, D. Labranca, A. Leo, C. Ligi, G. Maccarrone, F. Mantegazzini, B. Margesin, G. Maruccio, C. Mauro, R. Mezzena, A. G. Monteduro, A. Nucciotti, L. Oberto, L. Origo, S. Pagano, V. Pierro, L. Piersanti, M. Rajteri, A. Rettaroli, S. Rizzato, A. Vinante, M. Zannoni
Summary: DARTWARS is a three-year project aiming to develop high-performing innovative Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) for low-temperature detectors and qubit readout. The project follows two promising approaches: one based on Josephson junctions (TWJPA) and the other based on the kinetic inductance of a high-resistivity superconductor (KITWPA). This paper presents the progress made by the DARTWARS collaboration in producing a first working prototype of a KITWPA.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Chungho Cheng, Sergio Pagano, Carlo Barone, Niels Gronbech-Jensen, Gaetano Salina, James A. Blackburn, Matteo Cirillo
Summary: The effect of fluctuations on the stability of the zero-voltage state in the Josephson junction has been extensively studied. Experimental data in the last forty years show that deviations from standard theories are observed at very low temperatures, but can still be explained by shifting the Josephson potential by a constant amount related to the junction plasma frequency. This shift can be explained in terms of Anderson equations which relate chemical potential to phases, energies, and particle numbers in a superfluid flow.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
C. Barone, P. Orgiani, G. Carapella, V. Granata, S. K. Chaluvadi, S. Pagano
Summary: Topological insulators like Bi2Se3 have unique properties due to their distinct surface band structure. A study on low-frequency noise spectroscopy in Bi2Se3 thin films reveals a reduction in the 1/f noise component, especially at low temperatures. The correlation between this behavior and structural and dc electric transport investigations suggests the possibility of the occurrence of the topological regime. Flicker noise measurements could provide an alternative technique for studying topological surface states.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
V. V. Sivak, A. Eickbusch, B. Royer, S. Singh, I. Tsioutsios, S. Ganjam, A. Miano, B. L. Brock, A. Z. Ding, L. Frunzio, S. M. Girvin, R. J. Schoelkopf, M. H. Devoret
Summary: Quantum error correction (QEC) aims to counteract decoherence in quantum systems. Previous attempts faced excessive errors that overwhelmed the error-correcting capability. This study demonstrates a fully stabilized and error-corrected qubit with substantially longer coherence than imperfect quantum components, achieved through innovations in quantum circuits and reinforcement learning.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alex Boschi, Alessandro Kovtun, Fabiola Liscio, Zhenyuan Xia, Kyung Ho Kim, Samuel Lara Avila, Sara De Simone, Valentina Mussi, Carlo Barone, Sergio Pagano, Marco Gobbi, Paolo Samori, Marco Affronte, Andrea Candini, Vincenzo Palermo, Andrea Liscio
Summary: Graphene and related 2D material (GRM) thin films consist of randomly distributed 3D assembly of 2D nanosheets interacting via van der Waals forces. The charge transport mechanisms in GRM thin films near the metal-insulator transition (MIT) are studied, with a focus on defect density and nanosheet arrangement. A general model is developed to describe the multiscale nature of charge transport in GRM thin films using two prototypical nanosheet types with different defect density and crystallinity.
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yao Lu, Aniket Maiti, John W. O. Garmon, Suhas Ganjam, Yaxing Zhang, Jahan Claes, Luigi Frunzio, Steven M. Girvin, Robert J. Schoelkopf
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Giovanni Landi, Luca La Notte, Veronica Granata, Guerino Avallone, Carlo Barone, Giovanni Carapella, Sergio Pagano, Alessandro Lorenzo Palma, Paolo Sdringola, Giovanni Puglisi
Summary: The electrochemical characteristics and stability of hydrogel-based environmentally friendly supercapacitors using sodium acetate as salt have been investigated. Sodium acetate showed superior performance compared to NaCl-based electrolytes, with enhanced energy performance and stability. A comprehensive model was proposed to understand charge storage mechanisms and ageing phenomena during the cycling process.
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Roberto Mosca, Marco Mosca, Roberto Revetria, Saverio Pagano, Federico Briatore
Summary: Ansaldo Energia, a major player in metal mechanic production in Italy, has adopted Industry 4.0 standards with a focus on developing new safety measures. The team assigned to this project emphasized the importance of regular maintenance for personal protective equipment (PPE) and developed a new methodology utilizing hardware and software tools to monitor legal revisions and critical deadlines for each PPE.
ADVANCES IN SYSTEM-INTEGRATED INTELLIGENCE, SYSINT 2022
(2023)
