Article
Environmental Sciences
Qian Tang, Kai Huang, Junze Liu, Xiaoming Jin, Chunmei Li
Summary: This study investigated the distribution characteristics of bioaerosols in a pig house and the respiratory tract of pigs, finding higher concentrations of airborne culturable bacteria inside the pig house compared to outside, with no significant difference observed for culturable fungi and Escherichia coli. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed high similarity between bacterial aerosols and bacteria in the piglets' respiratory tract, and identified potential pathogenic bacterial genera in both aerosols and the respiratory tract.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lei Peng, Yijing He, Weihan Wang, Yajie Chu, Qixin Lin, Rong Rui, Qiao Li, Shiqiang Ju
Summary: In this study, the importance of PAK1 in regulating spindle assembly and cell cycle progression during the first meiotic division of porcine oocytes was highlighted. The activated PAK1 showed dynamic expression and its subcellular localization was closely associated with spindle dynamics. Inhibition of PAK1 activity by IPA-3 led to impaired extrusion of PB1 and failure of bipolar spindle formation, which could be restored by reducing disulfide bonds between PAK1 and IPA-3.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Asher Mullard
Summary: The UK Biobank holds a vast collection of biological samples and health data from 500,000 volunteers, offering insights into the genetic and environmental factors that drive diseases. Naomi Allen, the project's chief scientist and an epidemiologist at Oxford University, discusses the emerging discoveries from this 20-year-old biomedical resource and the potential for its expansion as a biopharmaceutical treasure trove.
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Jun-gyu Kim, Sang-yeon Lee, In-bok Lee
Summary: Because of the poor environment inside fattening pig houses due to high humidity, ammonia gas, and fine dust, it is hard to accumulate reliable long-term data. Thus, a long short-term memory (LSTM) model was developed to predict the missing air temperature data inside fattening pig houses. The LSTM model showed an accuracy within a 3.5% error rate for the internal air temperature and its applicability was evaluated based on the order of learning data and the length of missing data.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexandra Witze
Summary: NASA's InSight mission has provided the first data on the internal structure of a planet other than Earth, revealing surprising cake-like layers in the crust of Mars.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rishi Caleyachetty, Thomas Littlejohns, Ben Lacey, Jelena Besevic, Megan Conroy, Rory Collins, Naomi Allen
Summary: UK Biobank is a large cohort study that provides rich data resources for researchers to prevent, diagnose, and treat a wide range of chronic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, with a vision to allow as many researchers as possible to apply their expertise in utilizing the data.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Kuniaki Tanaka, Itaru Kato, Yuu Dobashi, Jun-ichi Imai, Takashi Mikami, Hirohito Kubota, Hiroo Ueno, Mamoru Ito, Seishi Ogawa, Tatsutoshi Nakahata, Junko Takita, Hidemi Toyoda, Chitose Ogawa, Souichi Adachi, Shinya Watanabe, Hiroaki Goto
Summary: A lack of practical resources in Japan has hindered preclinical discovery and testing of therapies for pediatric relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this study, a PDX biobank was established, consisting of 57 patient-derived xenografts in mice, to mimic the biological features and treatment-mediated clonal selection of relapsed ALL. This biobank provides a valuable scientific resource for capturing drug sensitivity features of pediatric patients with ALL and aids in the development of targeted therapies.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xiangzhou Zhu, Sebastian Caicedo-Davila, Christian Gehrmann, David A. Egger
Summary: This study theoretically characterizes the vibrational interactions among atoms in the prototypical cubic CsPbBr3 and reveals the interlocking motion of neighboring Cs-Br atoms and the important local structural fluctuations on an atomic scale.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Z. Z. Chen, H. S. Fu, Z. Wang, Z. Z. Guo, Y. Xu, C. M. Liu
Summary: This study presents the first observation of a magnetic flux rope (MFR) inside an electron diffusion region (EDR), confirming its crucial role in magnetic reconnection. By observing and analyzing the structure and energy dissipation of MFR, it helps to understand the modulation of the electric field in EDR by MFR.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Emmelie Eckhardt, Yan Li, Svenja Mamerow, Jan Schinkoethe, Julia Sehl-Ewert, Julia Dreisbach, Bjoern Corleis, Anca Dorhoi, Jens Teifke, Christian Menge, Florian Kloss, Max Bastian
Summary: BTZ-043, a novel anti-TB drug, showed excellent in vitro efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In a guinea pig infection model, it effectively reduced granulomas and bacterial burden, indicating its potential as a promising antimycobacterial drug.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bjarni Halldorsson, Hannes P. Eggertsson, Kristjan H. S. Moore, Hannes Hauswedell, Ogmundur Eiriksson, Magnus O. Ulfarsson, Gunnar Palsson, Marteinn T. Hardarson, Asmundur Oddsson, Brynjar O. Jensson, Snaedis Kristmundsdottir, Brynja D. Sigurpalsdottir, Olafur A. Stefansson, Doruk Beyter, Guillaume Holley, Vinicius Tragante, Arnaldur Gylfason, Pall Olason, Florian Zink, Margret Asgeirsdottir, Sverrir T. Sverrisson, Brynjar Sigurdsson, Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson, Gunnar T. Sigurdsson, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Kristjan Norland, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Droplaug N. Magnusdottir, Steinunn Snorradottir, Kari Kristinsson, Emilia Sobech, Helgi Jonsson, Arni J. Geirsson, Isleifur Olafsson, Palmi Jonsson, Ole Birger Pedersen, Christian Erikstrup, Soren Brunak, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Frosti Jonsson, Pall Melsted, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Thorunn Rafnar, Hilma Holm, Hreinn Stefansson, Jona Saemundsdottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Olafur T. Magnusson, Gisli Masson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Agnar Helgason, Hakon Jonsson, Patrick Sulem, Kari Stefansson
Summary: A comprehensive understanding of how diversity in the human genome sequence affects phenotypic diversity relies on a reliable characterization of both sequences and phenotypic variation. In this study, whole-genome sequencing of 150,119 individuals from the UK Biobank was performed, leading to insights into the relationship between sequence variation and phenotypic traits. The analysis revealed rare variants with large effects, which were not previously identified through whole-exome sequencing and/or imputation studies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Duncan S. Palmer, Wei Zhou, Liam Abbott, Emilie M. Wigdor, Nikolas Baya, Claire Churchhouse, Cotton Seed, Tim Poterba, Daniel King, Masahiro Kanai, Alex Bloemendal, Benjamin M. Neale
Summary: Classical statistical genetics theory defines dominance as any deviation from a purely additive effect of a genotype on a trait. Dominance is well documented in plant and animal breeding, but limited evidence exists in humans outside of rare monogenic traits. This study systematically examined common genetic variation in a large population cohort for evidence of dominance effects across 1060 traits. The researchers developed a computationally efficient method to assess the aggregate contribution of dominance deviations to heritability and explored the potential of leveraging dominance associations to identify causal variants.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lianghai Xie, Lei Li, Aibing Zhang, Yiteng Zhang, Jinbin Cao, Martin Wieser, Xiaoping Zhang, Jingdong Wang, Bin Zhou, Yongyong Feng, Linggao Kong, Yong Li, Fang Wang
Summary: The first energetic neutral atom (ENA) measurement on the lunar surface by the Chang'E-4 mission revealed the potential existence of a mini-magnetosphere that can shield the lunar surface from solar wind under certain conditions. The shielding effect is correlated with the ion inertia length and can prevent solar wind ions from penetrating into the mini-magnetosphere. The existence of the mini-magnetosphere and its shielding effect were confirmed through Hall MHD simulations.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Klara Jagosova, Jan Jilek, Pavel Fojtik, Ivan Cizmar, Miroslav Popelka, Ondrej Kurka, Lukas Kucera
Summary: This study focused on analyzing material composition and organic residues in molds from the Moravian region dating back to the Roman era. The presence of earth wax in the molds suggests the use of wax models in the production process. This research also marks the first application of ASAP-IMS-HRMS in archaeological studies.
Review
Oncology
Arnaud Martel, Lauris Gastaud, Christelle Bonnetaud, Sacha Nahon-Esteve, Kevin Washetine, Olivier Bordone, Myriam Salah, Virginie Tanga, Julien Fayada, Virginie Lespinet, Maryline Allegra, Salome Lalvee, Katia Zahaf, Stephanie Baillif, Corine Bertolotto, Baharia Mograbi, Sandra Lassalle, Paul Hofman
Summary: This study aims to present the challenges faced in obtaining biospecimens for research purposes in ophthalmic malignancies, and provides a detailed description of a dedicated biobank for ophthalmic malignancies. Currently, the number of biobanks dedicated to ophthalmic malignancies worldwide is very limited. The two main objectives in establishing an ophthalmic malignancy biobank are to collect scarce ophthalmic tumor samples and conduct large-scale translational research to better understand pathogenesis and discover new biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted treatment.