Article
Food Science & Technology
Fabio Sossai Possebon, Marcus Vinicius Niz Alvarez, Leila Sabrina Ullmann, Joao Pessoa Araujo Jr
Summary: The study evaluated the resistance genes and integrons in multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains isolated from swine mesenteric lymph nodes. The results showed different resistance genes for the same antimicrobial class in each strain with a genetic basis, and the presence of banned olaquindox resistance genes in some samples. Five isolates harbored class 1 integrons, reflecting the high selection pressure these bacterial lineages face along the pork production chain.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zahra Shamsizadeh, Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush, Mahnaz Nikaeen, Mehdi Mokhtari, Mahsa Rahimi, Hossein Khanahmad, Farzaneh Mohammadi
Summary: The study found that agricultural reuse of treated wastewater may contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in the environment, posing a potential risk to public health.
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Tsepo Ramatla, Kealeboga Mileng, Rendani Ndou, Nthabiseng Mphuti, Michelo Syakalima, Kgaugelo E. Lekota, Oriel M. M. Thekisoe
Summary: This study detected integrons, colistin and beta-lactamase resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella, and reported the first detection of the mcr-4 resistance gene in Salmonella serovars in South Africa. The study also emphasized the importance of controlling rats at poultry farms in order to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance transmission.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yu Li, Xiaojuan Yang, Jumei Zhang, Shiyuan Yang, Shuhong Zhang, Moutong Chen, Liang Xue, Yu Ding, Haiyan Zeng, Qihui Gu, Youxiong Zhang, Xianhu Wei, Juan Wang, Qingping Wu
Summary: This study analyzed the antimicrobial resistance of 124 S. Enteritidis strains collected from retail foods in 39 cities across China, revealing a high rate of multidrug resistance and frequent resistance to nalidixic acid and ampicillin. Through PCR amplification and antibiotic susceptibility testing, it was found that these strains carried various resistance genes and integrons. Conjugation experiments and molecular characterization showed that resistance genes could be transferred to recipient strains via mobile plasmids.
Article
Microbiology
Xuefeng Wang, Tian Wang, Mengjiao Guo, Chengcheng Zhang, Zongyi Bo, Yantao Wu, Guoxiang Chao
Summary: This study investigates the molecular mechanism of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana (S. Indiana) and the role of large plasmids carrying class 1 integrons in the MDR of foodborne S. Indiana. The results show that S. Indiana isolates carrying class 1 integrons have a significantly higher prevalence of MDR compared to other Salmonella serotypes. The study also reveals the presence of large plasmids carrying class 1 integrons and multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in S. Indiana isolates, and the high conjugation frequency of these integrons. These findings suggest that the horizontal gene transfer of resistance genes facilitated by large plasmids and integrons plays a crucial role in the emergence of MDR clones in S. Indiana.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cai-Xia Zhao, Xiao-Xuan Su, Mei-Rong Xu, Xin-Li An, Jian-Qiang Su
Summary: The study found integrons associated with antibiotic resistance genes in raw vegetables; cucumber and cabbage had the highest abundance of integron genes; 32 different resistance gene cassettes were detected in the integrons, with most being related to resistance to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside; carrot endophytes had the highest proportion of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes in class 1 integrons.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Scott Mitchell, Michelle Bull, Gary Muscatello, Belinda Chapman, Nicholas V. Coleman
Summary: Antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens is a growing concern, requiring a One Health approach. The equine hindgut may serve as a significant reservoir of ARGs and MGEs, warranting increased attention and strategies to minimize selection for resistance genes in horses to prevent their spread to the wider community.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Niyaz Ali, Yinfu Lin, Ligeng Jiang, Izhar Ali, Ishtiaq Ahmed, Kashif Akhtar, Bing He, Ronghui Wen
Summary: This study investigated the impact of biochar, manure, and their combination on integrons, gene cassettes, and antimicrobial resistance in paddy soil. The results showed that manure increased the abundance and diversity of integrons and antimicrobial resistance, while biochar reduced them.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Bridget B. McGivern, Rylie K. McDonell, Sydney K. Morris, Timothy M. LaPara, Justin J. Donato
Summary: This study identified diverse antimicrobial resistance genes from synthetic wastewater treatment microcosms, and recovered 13 clones conferring resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent through functional metagenomic selection. Using Sanger and SMRT sequencing, the predicted active genes on each clone were identified.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
R. E. Castro-Vargas, M. P. Herrera-Sanchez, I. S. Rondon-Barragan
Summary: This study investigated antibiotic resistance associated with plasmids, and class 1 and 2 integrons in Salmonella Heidelberg isolates from healthy chickens in poultry farms in Santander, Colombia. The results revealed a high number of antibiotic resistance genes in these isolates, posing a public health concern for both humans and poultry production in Colombia.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Eugen Pfeifer, Remy A. Bonnin, Eduardo P. C. Rocha
Summary: Antibiotic resistance is rapidly spreading through horizontal transfer mediated by phage-plasmids, which carry a diverse range of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes and can transfer them across bacteria.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Sabrina Lunara Santos Pavelquesi, Ana Carolina Almeida de Oliveira Ferreira, Angeislenie Ricelle Magalhaes Rodrigues, Calliandra Maria de Souza Silva, Daniela Castilho Orsi, Izabel Cristina Rodrigues da Silva
Summary: The study revealed high resistance rates of Salmonella to tetracyclines and sulfonamides, with poultry and pork being the most frequent samples used to isolate Salmonella. The most frequently detected tetracycline resistance genes in Salmonella were tetA and tetB, while sul1 was the most common sulfonamide resistance gene. These genes are associated with plasmids, transposons, or both, and have potential for transfer to other bacteria, environments, animals, and humans.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Timothy M. Ghaly, Anahit Penesyan, Alexander Pritchard, Qin Qi, Vaheesan Rajabal, Sasha G. Tetu, Michael R. Gillings
Summary: Integrons are genetic elements in microbes that can spread gene cassettes. They are mainly known for spreading antibiotic resistance cassettes among human pathogens. However, gene cassettes encode a wide range of functions important for bacterial adaptation. This study presents reproducible methods for amplifying, processing, and validating gene cassette amplicons from complex communities. The methods can consistently recover thousands of unique cassettes per sample and up to hundreds of different integron integrases. The recovered cassettes confer various functions, including antibiotic resistance.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Daiqi Shang, Hang Zhao, Xuebin Xu, Kannappan Arunachalam, Jiang Chang, Ling Bai, Chunlei Shi
Summary: This study identified the presence of diverse mobile genetic elements in multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strains, including plasmids and integrons, which play a crucial role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. Through PCR amplification, conjugation experiments, and gene sequencing, the study clarified the relationship between these elements and their mechanisms of spread in resistant bacteria.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wenwen Zhu, Tong Wang, Yu Zhu, Linlin Xiao, Weiwei Liu, Quhao Wei
Summary: Integrons are important genetic elements in spreading antibiotic resistance genes, and a 2D-PCR technology has been developed to detect three major integrons simultaneously with low detection limits. This rapid, economic, and high-throughput method is suitable for large-scale integron screening and typing in clinical isolates.
Article
Immunology
Shraddha Rani Modapathi, Anusha Rohit, Vankadari Aditya, Varsha Prakash Shetty, Akshatha Kotian, Mohanapriya, Praveen Rai, Indrani Karunasagar, Vijaya Kumar Deekshit
Summary: This study aimed to characterize Burkholderia cepacia complex and compare different molecular methods used in its characterization. Majority of the isolates harbored all the tested virulence genes and recA sequencing could identify the strains to species level. The study highlights the importance of combination of molecular methods to characterize Burkholderia cepacia complex.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Infectious Diseases
B. Maiti, K. P. Anupama, V. S. Prajna, S. Prerana, P. Ashwini, P. Rai
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Gillaine Vail Pinto, Kuppusamy Senthilkumar, Praveen Rai, Shama Prakash Kabekkodu, Indrani Karunasagar, Ballamoole Krishna Kumar
Summary: Leptospirosis is a significant re-emerging anthropo-zoonotic disease caused by a pathogenic spirochete. It is prevalent in tropical/temperate regions with heavy rainfall and flooding. The disease often goes undiagnosed due to mild symptoms, leading to fatal outcomes. Limited diagnostic facilities and asymptomatic manifestations contribute to the neglect of this disease in tropical regions. The need for a rapid diagnostic test for immediate antibiotic therapy is highlighted.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Liz Therese Tony, Anusha Rohit, Vankadari Aditya, Akshatha Kotian, Indrani Karunasagar, Vijaya Kumar Deekshit
Summary: A PCR-RFLP technique was developed to detect gyrA 83 and gyrB 447 mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. This technique can be used in epidemiological studies to detect the status of multiple point mutations in gut pathogens without the need for costly sequencing methods.
JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Sharan Prerana, Pai Ashwini, Karanth Padyana Anupama, Valakkunja Shankaranarayana Prajna, Kattapuni Suresh Prithvisagar, Ashwath Nayak, Praveen Rai, Anusha Rohit, Indrani Karunasagar, Iddya Karunasagar, Biswajit Maiti
Summary: This study evaluated the reverse transcriptase-polymerase spiral reaction (RT-PSR) assay for rapid and visual detection of SARS-CoV-2, showing promising results for rapid and sensitive detection of the virus.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Review
Pathology
Shruthi Padavu, Pooja Aichpure, Ballamoole Krishna Kumar, Anoop Kumar, RadhaKanta Ratho, Shipra Sonkusare, Indrani Karunasagar, Iddya Karunasagar, Praveen Rai
Summary: Cervical cancer, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. HPV genotypes 16 and 18 are responsible for over 70% of cervical cancer cases. This review article summarizes the different approaches used in clinical diagnosis and research laboratories to detect HPV-related changes associated with cervical cancer, aiming to better understand the advantages and limitations of these tests.
EXPERT REVIEW OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Priyanka Ashwath, Vijaya Kumar Deekshit, Anusha Rohit, Praveen Rai, Vankadari Aditya, Nishith Babu, Indrani Karunasagar, Akhila Dharnappa Sannejal
Summary: This study demonstrated the potential use of antisense RNA targeting the acrA gene as an alternative therapeutic against multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antisense RNA significantly increased the susceptibility of drug-resistant K. pneumoniae to ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole, and inhibited the expression of the efflux gene acrA. These findings highlight the importance of developing alternative strategies to improve the efficacy of existing antibiotics.
MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Kattapuni Suresh Prithvisagar, Toshio Kodama, Praveen Rai, Vijaya Kumar Deekshit, Indrani Karunasagar, Iddya Karunasagar, Krishna Kumar Ballamoole
Summary: In this study, we investigated the distribution of virulence and fitness attributes of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from the marine environment. Results showed that a small percentage of isolates had tdh or trh genes, and some isolates had both tdh and trh genes. Many isolates had pathogenicity islands specific to pandemic clones and secretion systems. The cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated a significant effect caused by trh(+) environmental isolates, and the expression of certain genes during infection was significantly upregulated, suggesting the presence of virulence traits that could pose a threat to public health.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Anoopkrishna Rai, Praveen Rai, Srinivas Teerthanath, Akshatha Kotian, Indrani Karunasagar, Rama Adiga
Summary: Malaria is a global threat and accurate identification of parasite species is crucial. This study compared different diagnostic methods and found that upgrading routine methods with molecular techniques is necessary. Out of 436 samples, 78.7% were identified as P. vivax, 4.8% as P. falciparum, and 16.5% as mixed infection. The study achieved a good concordance between methods, with a sensitivity of 97.7% and specificity of 100% for nested PCR and TFM compared to QBC. Rating: 8/10.
JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shruthi Padavu, Ballamoole Krishna Kumar, Anoop Kumar, Praveen Rai
Summary: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. This study identified potential immunogens that could be used for developing a cervical cancer vaccine against HPV-45 strains. However, in vitro and in vivo trials are necessary to validate their safety and efficacy.
JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anoopkrishna Rai, Deepak Sebastian Pinto, Praveen Rai, Srinivas Teerthanath, Indrani Karunasagar, Rama Adiga
Summary: This study emphasizes the importance of using molecular tools to identify the species and type of malaria, as it confirmed a case of cerebral malaria with molecular identification as Plasmodium vivax.
JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Kattapuni Suresh Prithvisagar, Pavan Gollapalli, Caroline D'Souza, Praveen Rai, Iddya Karunasagar, Indrani Karunasagar, Krishna Kumar Ballamoole
Summary: This study analyzed the whole genome sequence of a Vibrio vulnificus strain isolated from seafood in Mangaluru coast, India. The isolate belonged to a new sequence type and grouped with the most infectious strains of V. vulnificus. The study identified antibiotic resistance genes and secretory protein genes associated with the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus. This is the first detailed analysis of V. vulnificus genomic information from the Indian subcontinent and raises public health concerns about seafood safety.
VETERINARY QUARTERLY
(2023)
