Article
Microbiology
Francesca Leoni, Luca Sacchini, Silvia Pieralisi, Gabriele Angelico, Chiara Francesca Magistrali, Lucilla Cucco, Francesca Romana Massacci, Elisa Albini, Anna Duranti, Cesare Camma, Barbara Secondini, Antonio Rinaldi, Francesca Barchiesi
Summary: This study investigated the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in clams collected from the Central Adriatic Sea. The results showed that approximately 3% of the samples contained ESBL-producing E. coli, with the majority of the isolates being multidrug-resistant. These findings suggest that E. coli could serve as an indicator organism for ESBL-producing E. coli in bivalves.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gabhan Chalmers, Rebecca E. V. Anderson, Roger Murray, Edward Topp, Patrick Boerlin
Summary: The study reveals that P. mirabilis can harbor and transmit ESC resistance genes and plasmids, making it a potential reservoir of antimicrobial resistance.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marcelina Osinska, Aneta Nowakiewicz, Przemyslaw Zieba, Sebastian Gnat, Dominik Lagowski, Aleksandra Troscianczyk
Summary: In this research, we investigated the resistance of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli strains in wild animals to antimicrobial agents. The study found that these strains had various resistance genes and showed multidrug-resistant profiles. It was observed that most of the strains produced ESBL enzymes, particularly CTX-M-1 and TEM. The resistance patterns of the strains were not always consistent with their sequence types and gene profiles.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Steven Dunn, Laura Carrilero, Michael Brockhurst, Alan McNally
Summary: The study found that different E. coli strains vary in their ability to acquire and maintain MDR plasmids, with highly strain-specific transcriptional responses observed following plasmid acquisition. However, the subtle transcriptional responses consistent across all strains suggest that fitness costs arising from transcriptional disruption are unlikely to act as a barrier to dissemination of this MDR plasmid in E. coli.
Article
Immunology
Patricia J. Simner, Heba H. Mostafa, Yehudit Bergman, Michael Ante, Tsigereda Tekle, Ayomikun Adebayo, Stephan Beisken, Kathryn Dzintars, Pranita D. Tamma
Summary: This study revealed the mechanisms by which New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolate developed relatively rapid resistance to cefiderocol through increased copy numbers of bla(NDM) genes. The findings highlight the importance of investigating increased bla(NDM-5) expression frequency in contributing to cefiderocol resistance.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Bradd J. Haley, Seon Woo Kim, Serajus Salaheen, Ernest Hovingh, Jo Ann S. Van Kessel
Summary: The gastrointestinal tracts of dairy calves and cows are reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Young calves harbor a greater abundance of resistant bacteria than older cows, but the factors driving this high abundance are unknown. This study aimed to characterize multidrug-resistant (MDR) and antimicrobial-susceptible Escherichia coli strains isolated from different stages of dairy cows and identify accessory genes associated with MDR to discover genetic targets for mitigating antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mutasim E. Ibrahim
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection among hospitalized patients in southern Saudi Arabia. The study found that 66.8% of patients were infected with multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains. Factors such as gender, age, intensive care unit admission, invasive medical devices, and chronic illness were significantly associated with the infection.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Emmanuel Kabali, Girja Shanker Pandey, Musso Munyeme, Penjaninge Kapila, Andrew Nalishuwa Mukubesa, Joseph Ndebe, John Bwalya Muma, Charles Mubita, Walter Muleya, Elizabeth Muligisa Muonga, Shuya Mitoma, Bernard Mudenda Hang'ombe, Anuwat Wiratsudakul, Mai Thi Ngan, Eslam Elhanafy, Hala El Daous, Nguyen Thi Huyen, Wataru Yamazaki, Tamaki Okabayashi, Maiku Abe, Junzo Norimine, Satoshi Sekiguchi
Summary: This cross-sectional study in Zambia discovered the transmission of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria isolated from healthy wildlife and livestock cohabiting in a game ranch near Lusaka. The study highlights the need for further investigation on the role of wildlife in the development and transmission of antimicrobial resistance, a global concern.
Article
Immunology
Nadghia F. Leite-Sampaio, Cicera Natalia F. L. Gondim, Celestina E. Sobral de Souza, Henrique D. M. Coutinho
Summary: This study investigated the antibacterial and antimicrobial modulating activity of alpha-pinene and borneol against Escherichia coli and enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic serotypes. The results showed that alpha-pinene and borneol exhibited low antimicrobial action against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, but no antimicrobial activity was observed against enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic serotypes. A synergistic action of borneol with ciprofloxacin against enterotoxigenic serotypes was noted.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Lorcan O'Neill, Edgar Garcia Manzanilla, Daniel Ekhlas, Finola C. Leonard
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli of animal origin poses a threat to human health. Pig farming is one of the largest livestock sectors and understanding the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli of porcine origin is crucial.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Antonio Mandujano, Diana Veronica Cortes-Espinosa, Jose Vasquez-Villanueva, Paulina Guel, Gildardo Rivera, Karina Juarez-Rendon, Wendy Lizeth Cruz-Pulido, Guadalupe Aguilera-Arreola, Abraham Guerrero, Virgilio Bocanegra-Garcia, Ana Veronica Martinez-Vazquez
Summary: This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile of ESBL-producing E. coli among food-producing animals in Tamaulipas, Mexico. A total of 200 fecal samples were collected and 5.0% of the strains were confirmed as ESBL producers. High percentage of antimicrobial resistance was observed against gentamicin, tetracycline, and streptomycin. The study suggests that food-producing animals may serve as reservoirs and contribute to the spread of ESBL-producing bacteria.
Article
Ecology
Maya L. Nadimpalli, Marc Stegger, Roberto Viau, Vuthy Yith, Agathe de Lauzanne, Nita Sem, Laurence Borand, Bich-tram Huynh, Sylvain Brisse, Virginie Passet, Soren Overballe-Petersen, Maliha Aziz, Malika Gouali, Jan Jacobs, Thong Phe, Bruce A. Hungate, Victor O. Leshyk, Amy J. Pickering, Francois Gravey, Cindy M. Liu, Timothy J. Johnson, Simon Le Hello, Lance B. Price
Summary: Antibiotic resistance is a major public health challenge, and efforts to address it have mainly focused on drug development and reducing unnecessary antibiotic use. However, in areas with poor water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure, bacterial transmission between humans and animals can worsen the emergence and spread of resistant pathogens. In Cambodia, a middle-income country with high human-animal connectivity and unregulated antibiotic use, identical mobile resistance elements were found in both humans and animals, which is rare in high-income settings. The study suggests that controlling the transmission of resistant bacteria at the human-animal interface is crucial in addressing antibiotic resistance in low- and middle-income countries.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Gregory A. Ballash, Patricia M. Dennis, Dixie F. Mollenkopf, Amy L. Albers, Terry L. Robison, Rachael J. Adams, Cong Li, Gregory H. Tyson, Thomas E. Wittum
Summary: The role of wildlife in the spread of antimicrobial resistance is not fully understood. This study found that white-tailed deer living in an urban park system carried antimicrobial resistant bacteria that were important to human health and resistant to critically important antibiotics. These deer had the ability to transfer their resistance genes to other bacteria, highlighting their potential role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Chengtao Sun, Yingchao Wang, Shizhen Ma, Shan Zhang, Dejun Liu, Yang Wang, Congming Wu
Summary: Analysis of food samples collected at retail stores in Beijing, China, showed high contamination levels of E. coli and enterococci in food-animal products, vegetables, aquatic products, and fruits, with significant multidrug resistance. Food-animal products were identified as the primary reservoir of antimicrobial resistance, while the role of vegetables, fruits, and aquatic products in spreading AMR should not be underestimated. Food-borne isolates displayed high resistance to antibiotics commonly used in agriculture, as well as those rarely used in agriculture/aquaculture, highlighting the potential for animal-to-human transmission of antibiotic resistance genes.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Paul Laffont-Lozes, Florian Salipante, Geraldine Leguelinel-Blache, Catherine Dunyach-Remy, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Albert Sotto, Romaric Larcher
Summary: This study aimed to determine the correlation between antimicrobial consumption (AMC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli at a hospital level, and evaluate the use of dynamic regression (DR) models for predicting AMR and implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). The study was conducted in a French tertiary hospital between 2014 and 2019. The results showed that rates of fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin resistance decreased, while overall AMC increased but decreased for fluoroquinolone. DR models revealed that changes in antibiotic usage explained a significant portion of the decrease in resistance. However, caution should be exercised when using DR models for AMR forecasting and ASP implementation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Rachael Mountain, Chris Sherlock
Summary: This study analyzes predictions of future recruitment in multicenter clinical trials, finding that the accuracy of quantile predictions does not necessarily improve with an increasing number of centers. The accuracy of predicting the number of further recruits declines with increasing ratio of additional time to census time, while the accuracy of predicting the time to recruit a certain number of patients degrades with increasing ratio of patients to total recruited. Simulation studies confirm the predicted patterns and improved coverage properties of prediction intervals.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Cajsa M. Isgren, Nicola J. Williams, Owen D. Fletcher, Dorina Timofte, Richard J. Newton, Thomas W. Maddox, Peter D. Clegg, Gina L. Pinchbeck
Summary: The study described the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria from clinical samples in the UK in 2018, revealing high rates of multidrug resistance in SSI/CRI/orthopaedic infections. Analysis of resistance in pathogens like E. coli and Staphylococcus species showed that some bacteria lacked readily available treatments for adult horses in the UK.
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
E. F. Groat, N. J. Williams, G. Pinchbeck, B. Warner, A. Simpson, V. M. Schmidt
Summary: Dogs fed raw meat are more likely to carry antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella species compared to dogs fed non-raw diets. This poses a potential public health issue, especially for households with vulnerable members.
JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Statistics & Probability
Chris Sherlock, Anthony Lee
Summary: A delayed-acceptance version of a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is useful for Bayesian inference in cases where calculating the true posterior is computationally expensive but a cheaper approximation is available. The delayed-acceptance kernel can be more efficient than its parent in terms of computational time per iteration. Sufficient conditions for inheritance between different kernels are provided to ensure variance bounding.
METHODOLOGY AND COMPUTING IN APPLIED PROBABILITY
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Ishan Ajmera, Amelia Henry, Ando M. Radanielson, Stephanie P. Klein, Aleksandr Ianevski, Malcolm J. Bennett, Leah R. Band, Jonathan P. Lynch
Summary: Research shows that synergistic balancing of root architectural phenes can significantly increase rice yield under low nitrogen conditions, reducing economic, energy, and environmental costs. The findings have important implications for future crop breeding efforts to develop rice varieties that can thrive in low nitrogen environments.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Andrea Sartorius, Matthew Johnson, Scott Young, Malcolm Bennett, Kerstin Baiker, Paul Edwards, Lisa Yon
Summary: Lead pollution from metalliferous mines can have long-term environmental and health effects, posing risks to animals and humans. A study on free-range chickens near an abandoned lead mine found that the lead concentrations in their eggs were higher than commercial eggs, potentially posing health risks to humans.
FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathan L. Mellor, Ute Voss, Alexander Ware, George Janes, Duncan Barrack, Anthony Bishopp, Malcolm J. Bennett, Markus Geisler, Darren M. Wells, Leah R. Band
Summary: Members of the B family of membrane-bound ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play important roles in auxin efflux in plants. This study integrates ABCB localization data into a multicellular model to predict the impact of ABCB-mediated auxin transport on organ-scale distribution. The results suggest that ABCBs enable auxin efflux independently of PINs, but PINs predominantly mediate auxin efflux when co-localized with ABCBs.
Article
Statistics & Probability
Chris Sherlock, Andrew Golightly
Summary: We present new methodologies for Bayesian inference on the rate parameters of a discretely observed continuous-time Markov jump process with a countably infinite statespace. The methods, called MESA and nMESA, extend the Markov chain Monte Carlo statespace to perform exact Bayesian inference on the infinite statespace. Numerical experiments show significant improvements over the traditional particle MCMC method.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Klara M. Wanelik, Mike Begon, Janette E. Bradley, Ida M. Friberg, Joseph A. Jackson, Christopher H. Taylor, Steve Paterson
Summary: The genotype of an individual plays a crucial role in determining their immune function and, consequently, their ability to control infections and contribute to the next generation. However, the same genotype can result in different outcomes due to different environments, which are often overlooked in laboratory studies. By studying natural wildlife populations, we found a gene polymorphism in field voles that affects immune gene expression, susceptibility to infection, and reproductive success in a sex-dependent manner.
Article
Statistics & Probability
Chris Sherlock, Szymon Urbas, Matthew Ludkin
Summary: Apogee to Apogee Path Sampler (AAPS) is a method that utilizes the properties of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm to construct a path, propose a point from it, and accept or reject the proposal. Empirical results show that AAPS has a similar efficiency to HMC but is more robust to the setting of its equivalent tuning parameter.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ternenge Apaa, Amy J. Withers, Ceri Staley, Adam Blanchard, Malcolm Bennett, Samantha Bremner-Harrison, Elizabeth A. Chadwick, Frank Hailer, Stephen W. R. Harrison, Matthew Loose, Fiona Mathews, Rachael Tarlinton
Summary: This study conducted PCR testing on two species of bats in the UK. The results showed that 44% of fecal samples and 56% of pooled samples from Rhinolophus hipposideros tested positive for a sarbecovirus coronavirus. However, no coronaviruses were detected in samples from Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, and there was no evidence of cross-species transmission.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Klara M. Wanelik, Mike Begon, Janette E. Bradley, Ida M. Friberg, Christopher H. Taylor, Joseph A. Jackson, Steve Paterson
Summary: Individuals vary in their immune responses, which affects their susceptibility to diseases and their overall health and fitness. These differences are thought to be influenced by early-life experiences that affect immune development. In this study, we examined how immune expression profiles in early life impact life history outcomes in a population of field voles. By analyzing the co-expression of immune genes, we found that certain clusters of genes were associated with reproductive success and susceptibility to bacterial infection later in life. Our findings highlight the long-lasting effects of early-life immune profiles on disease susceptibility and fitness in natural populations.
Article
Plant Sciences
Alison Tidy, Norliza Abu Bakar, David Carrier, Ian D. Kerr, Charlie Hodgman, Malcolm J. Bennett, Ranjan Swarup
Summary: AXR4 is an endoplasmic reticulum accessory protein that regulates the trafficking of auxin influx carriers AUXIN1 and LIKE-AUX2.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Kathryn Scobie, Xavier Lambin, Sandra Telfer, Mendrika Fenohasina Rasahivelo, Rova Nandrianina Raheliarison, Minoarisoa Rajerison, Juliette Young
Summary: Rodent pests can have significant impacts on society, economy, and the environment. In order to effectively manage these pests, it is important to consider the interests of stakeholders from different sectors. Participatory approaches, such as using stakeholder maps and frameworks, can help decision-makers understand stakeholder needs and ensure that these needs are addressed in control programs.
