Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mickael Lescroart, Claire Pressiat, Benjamin Pequignot, N'Guyen Tran, Jean-Louis Hebert, Nassib Alsagheer, Nicolas Gambier, Bijan Ghaleh, Julien Scala-Bertola, Bruno Levy
Summary: This study is the first to report decreased amiodarone bioavailability under VV ECMO. Higher doses of amiodarone should be considered for effective amiodarone exposure under VV ECMO.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jan Kessler, Francesco Calcavecchia, Thomas D. Kuehne
Summary: Inspired by the universal approximation theorem and the widespread adoption of artificial neural network techniques, feed-forward neural networks are proposed as a general purpose trial wave function for quantum Monte Carlo simulations of continuous many-body systems. The accuracy of the trial wave functions was demonstrated by studying an exactly solvable model system of two trapped interacting particles and the hydrogen dimer. The whole many-body wave function can be represented by a neural network for simple model systems, while the antisymmetry condition of non-trivial fermionic systems is incorporated by means of a Slater determinant.
ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Vivek Richards Pakkam Gabriel, Mohamed Sahbi Loukil, Janis Varna
Summary: This paper suggests a methodology for cracking evolution simulation during cyclic loading in 90-plies, using data from different load levels and Monte Carlo process to predict crack development. The results indicate that cyclic test data can be used to predict damage at different load levels, and recommend conducting fatigue tests at least at two load levels for reliable predictions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Peile Wang, Han Xing, Fei Zhang, Shaohua Liu, Yanqiu Lu, Xiaojian Zhang, Jing Yang, Tongwen Sun
Summary: This study analyzed the population pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B in patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) and proposed individualized dosing regimens for specific clinical scenarios. The results showed that CVVH significantly increased the clearance of polymyxin B, providing a basis for rational dosing in CVVH patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Owen Bradley, George G. Batrouni, Richard T. Scalettar
Summary: The Holstein Hamiltonian describes fermions interacting with phonons on a lattice. It predicts the behavior of dressed quasiparticles and the formation of superconducting and charge density wave phases at different densities. Quantum Monte Carlo calculations have been used to determine critical temperatures for these phase transitions in various lattice geometries.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Tarat, Bo Xiao, R. Mondaini, R. T. Scalettar
Summary: This paper investigates the two mechanisms for the vanishing of the sign problem in quantum simulations: whether randomly chosen field configurations have negative det[M(h)], or if the specific subset of configurations chosen by the weighting function have a greater preponderance of negative values. By conducting auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo simulations of interacting fermions, the relative importance of these two mechanisms can be better understood.
Article
Polymer Science
Jiang Zhang, Wenbing Hu
Summary: The effects of specific chain-end hydrogen-bonding interactions on the once-folding crystallization of 16-mers in PEG were investigated. It was found that these interactions have little influence on the kinetics of nucleation and lateral growth, but create a significant gap at the growth front, leading to the double-lamella phenomenon. The chain-end hydrogen-bonding interactions are abundant at the surfaces of once-folded lamellar crystals, enhancing their metastability and hindering their thickening into chain-extended crystals. Additionally, intra- and inter-molecular secondary nucleation at the folded and extended growth fronts exhibit different growth rate dependencies on the interaction strengths. The study reveals the role of specific chain-end interactions in PEG crystallization.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dilimulati Aierken, Michael Bachmann
Summary: We systematically investigate the effect of bending stiffness on the ground-state conformations of semiflexible polymers. The formation of different conformations depends strongly on the strength of the bending restraint, as observed through detailed analysis of contact and distance maps.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
William Detmold, Gurtej Kanwar, Henry Lamm, Michael L. Wagman, Neill C. Warrington
Summary: Path integral contour deformations have been proposed as a solution to sign and signal-to-noise problems in lattice field theories, particularly those related to phase fluctuations. By defining a family of contour deformations suitable for SU(N) lattice gauge theory, these problems associated with complex actions and observables can be significantly reduced. Experimental results show that this approach can achieve a significant reduction in variance.
Article
Mechanics
M. Beljin-Cavic, I Loncarevic, Lj Budinski-Petkovic, Z. M. Jaksic, S. B. Vrhovac
Summary: This study uses Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the random sequential adsorption of mixtures of objects with varying shapes on a three-dimensional cubic lattice. The research focuses on the influence of geometrical properties of the shapes on the jamming coverage and temporal evolution of density. The results show that the coverage approaches the jamming limit exponentially and the relaxation time is determined by the number of orientations the objects can take on the lattice. The jamming coverage of a mixture can be greater than or in between the jamming coverages of the single-component shapes, depending on the local geometry.
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Irena Murinova, Martin Svidrnoch, Tomas Gucky, Jan Hlavac, Pavel Michalek, Ondrej Slanar, Martin Sima
Summary: This study describes the population pharmacokinetics of oxacillin and proposes continuous infusion and dosing based on renal function for optimal achievement of target PK/PD values.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Daniel J. Selig, Kevin S. Akers, Kevin K. Chung, Kaitlin A. Pruskowski, Jeffrey R. Livezey, Elaine D. Por
Summary: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic parameters of meropenem in critically ill patients and found that creatinine clearance and total burn surface area significantly affect clearance and volume of distribution. Non-burn patients on continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) had lower clearance rates compared to burn patients, indicating a need for dose adjustments. Burn surface area and CVVH did not impact the probability of target attainment.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jiao Xie, Qianting Yang, Xinyan Han, Yuzhu Dong, Tao Zhang, Youjia Li, Meixi Ji, Chenwei Liu, Yan Cai, Yan Wang
Summary: This study found that differences in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics target attainment are often overlooked when antifungals are switched in critically ill patients. The results showed that triazoles at guideline-recommended doses could achieve target exposure for de-escalation treatment, while fluconazole and voriconazole performed poorly. Additionally, the achievement of target exposure for echinocandins decreased as body weight increased, with intermittent dosing strategy showing slightly higher CFR values in most simulations compared to conventional dosing strategy.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
V Dossetti, G. M. Viswanathan, V. M. Kenkre
Summary: This article presents numerical investigations on the validity of the Boltzmann prescription in statistical mechanics for large systems. The study focuses on whether the extensivity of energy implies the extensivity of the Boltzmann entropy. Based on simulations considering a large number of states, the results suggest that the systems studied are still too small to conclusively settle the issues raised. However, the new approach outlined in this study represents a first step towards addressing the question of non-extensive statistical mechanics from first principles.
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Mohammad H. Al-Shaer, Carolyn D. Philpott, Christopher A. Droege, Joshua D. Courter, Daniel P. Healy, Molly E. Droege, Neil E. Ernst, Eric W. Mueller, Charles A. Peloquin
Summary: Sepsis contributes to 50% of acute kidney injuries in the ICU, often requiring CRRT which impacts antimicrobial exposure. A cefepime PK model was built for CRRT ICU patients, showing good target attainment with intermittent infusion regimens at MICs <= 8 mg/l and extended infusion at MICs of 16 mg/l. This regimen may be considered for resistant bacterial infections.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Joao Pinto Pereira, Philippe Hantson, Ludovic Gerard, Xavier Wittebole, Pierre-Francois Laterre, Catherine Lambert, Cedric Hermans
Summary: A 54-year-old man with severe haemophilia A, also suffering from COVID-19 infection and multiple risk factors, received treatment in ICU with efmoroctocog alpha and low-molecular-weight heparin without experiencing thrombosis or hemorrhage in different organs during post-mortem examination.
ACTA HAEMATOLOGICA
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Cheryl E. Hickmann, Natalia R. Montecinos-Munoz, Diego Castanares-Zapatero, Ricardo S. Arriagada-Garrido, Ursula Jeria-Blanco, Timour Gizzatullin, Jean Roeseler, Jonathan Dugernier, Xavier Wittebole, Pierre-Francois Laterre
Summary: Early mobilization with a sitting position and exercise in critically ill patients was found to increase lung aeration and improve oxygen levels, especially in more severely hypoxemic subjects.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alan Abdulla, Tim M. J. Ewoldt, Ilse M. Purmer, Anouk E. Muller, Diederik Gommers, Henrik Endeman, Birgit C. P. Koch
Summary: This narrative review highlights the challenges in predicting antibiotic pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients, emphasizing the need for individualized dosing regimens and therapeutic drug monitoring. Predictors such as male gender, younger age, and augmented renal clearance play a significant role in determining target non-attainment, suggesting the importance of further investigations to develop optimal dosing algorithms for beta-lactam therapy.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Adil Wiart, Diego Castanares-Zapatero, Xavier Wittebole, Guillaume Maerckx, Guillaume David, Pierre-Francois Laterre, Ludovic Gerard
Summary: The study retrospectively reviewed the experience of placing intubated patients with moderate to severe ARDS in the prone position, finding that prone positioning during pressure support ventilation significantly improved arterial oxygenation and reduced the use of neuromuscular blocking agents.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Tim M. J. Ewoldt, Alan Abdulla, Nicole G. M. Hunfeld, Anouk E. Muller, Diederik Gommers, Suzanne Polinder, Birgit C. P. Koch, Henrik Endeman
Summary: This study found that target attainment for beta-lactam antibiotics in ICU patients shows a trend towards higher total costs, which can be attributed to the costs of long ICU stays and renal replacement therapy.
THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Thijs ten Doesschate, Kelly Hendriks, Cornelis Henri van Werkhoven, Evelien C. van der Hout, Tamara N. Platteel, Irene A. M. Groenewegen, Anouk E. Muller, Andy I. M. Hoepelman, Marc J. M. Bonten, Suzanne E. Geerlings
Summary: This study compares the effectiveness and safety of daily prophylaxis with 50 mg or 100 mg nitrofurantoin for recurrent urinary tract infection. The results show that there is no significant difference in the risk of UTI or pyelonephritis between the two dosages, but there is a higher risk of cough, dyspnea, and nausea with the 100 mg dosage.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Birgit C. P. Koch, Anouk E. Muller, Nicole G. M. Hunfeld, Brenda C. M. de Winter, Tim M. J. Ewoldt, Alan Abdulla, Henrik Endeman
Summary: Early initiation of antibiotics and correct dosing are essential for improving infections in critically ill patients. However, the altered pharmacokinetic parameters and less susceptible microorganisms pose challenges to ensuring optimal antibiotic exposure. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a commonly used strategy to support individualized dosing of antibiotics. This review recommends implementing TDM for glycopeptides and aminoglycosides, and suggests performing TDM in specific patient cases for antibiotics such as beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and linezolid. Future possibilities for improving TDM include model-informed precision dosing and the use of rapid bioanalytical techniques or biosensors for real-time monitoring of drug concentrations.
THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING
(2022)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Alan Abdulla, Puck van den Broek, Tim M. J. Ewoldt, Anouk E. Muller, Henrik Endeman, Birgit C. P. Koch
Summary: This study provides an overview of the current practices of beta-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and identifies barriers and facilitators in its clinical implementation. The main barriers include insufficient knowledge and unavailability of assays, while doubts about cost-effectiveness and clinical effectiveness hinder its broad implementation. Collaboration between physicians and clinical pharmacists and microbiologists can improve physicians' willingness to use beta-lactam TDM.
THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fleur M. Keij, Gerdien A. Tramper-Stranders, Birgit C. P. Koch, Irwin K. M. Reiss, Anouk E. Muller, Rene F. Kornelisse, Karel Allegaert
Summary: The pharmacokinetics of clavulanic acid in pediatric patients is highly variable, similar to reports in adults, but more pronounced. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the specific population-specific explanation for this variability. Model-based pharmacokinetic studies addressing maturational and disease-specific changes in the pediatric population as well as additional pharmacodynamic studies are needed to define a clear target.
CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Eveline E. Roelofsen, Brenda C. M. de Winter, Heleen van der Spek, Susan Snijders, Birgit C. P. Koch, Sanne van den Berg, Anouk E. Muller
Summary: For decades, flucloxacillin has been used to treat methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index and the required PD-index value for efficacy. The results provide insights for optimizing dosing regimens in humans.
Article
Microbiology
Anouk E. E. Muller, Merel Raaphorst, Aart van der Meijden, Brenda C. M. de Winter, Joseph Meletiadis, Sanne van den Berg
Summary: This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of temocillin in plasma and epithelial lining fluid in infected neutropenic mice, and determined the exposure-response relationships for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results showed that temocillin achieved a static effect in the lung infection model with a lower median %fT>MIC compared to the thigh infection model, indicating its potential use in patients with pneumonia.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Aart van der Meijden, Vincent Aranzana-Climent, Heleen van der Spek, Brenda C. M. de Winter, William Couet, Joseph Meletiadis, Anouk E. Muller, Sanne van den Berg
Summary: In this study, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of polymyxin B were determined in neutropenic infected mice. The fAUC/MIC index was found to best describe the drug’s effectiveness. However, the standard dosing regimen did not achieve the PK/PD targets for the majority of clinical isolates, suggesting that polymyxin B may be ineffective as monotherapy for serious infections.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Letao Li, Sebastiaan D. T. Sassen, Tim M. J. Ewoldt, Alan Abdulla, Nicole G. M. Hunfeld, Anouk E. Muller, Brenda C. M. de Winter, Henrik Endeman, Birgit C. P. Koch
Summary: The suitability of published meropenem pharmacokinetic models for clinical practice was evaluated using real-world ICU data, and two models were found to perform well when using two to three plasma concentrations for therapeutic drug monitoring, while the other models performed poorly.
Article
Microbiology
Joseph Meletiadis, Maria-Ioanna Beredaki, Antigoni Elefanti, Spyros Pournaras, Anouk Muller
Summary: In order to evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy, it is necessary to study the correlation between in vitro and in vivo testing. This study attempted to correlate the in vitro chequerboard testing of posaconazole and amphotericin B with the in vivo outcome of combination therapy. The results showed consistency between the in vitro and in vivo testing.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Hala Kandil, Robert M. Gray, Rakan El-Hamad, Madhuri Vidwans, Tejal Vaghela, Omar Naji, Sebastien van de Velde
Summary: After a shortage of piperacillin/tazobactam, a large hospital in England replaced it with temocillin and found that treatment with temocillin resulted in a clinical success rate of 88.9%.
JAC-ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2023)
