Article
Food Science & Technology
Dong Liang, Shengnan Liu, Miaoyun Li, Yaodi Zhu, Lijun Zhao, Lingxia Sun, Yangyang Ma, Gaiming Zhao
Summary: In this study, nine commonly used food additives and four detergents were investigated for their effects on the growth of Clostridium perfringens spores. The results showed that ethylenediaminetetraacetate had a good inhibitory effect on spore growth, while tea polyphenols, D-isoascorbic acid, and potassium sorbate promoted leakage of contents during spore germination. Among the detergents, glutaraldehyde solution presented the best inhibitory effect on spore growth. Further analysis revealed that the bacteriostats could inactivate the spores by inhibiting germination or damaging the spore structure, preventing the formation of bacterial vegetative bodies.
Article
Microbiology
Sebastien C. Ortiz, Mingwei Huang, Christina M. Hull
Summary: There is a critical need for new antifungal drugs, and the lack of fungus-specific targets is a major hurdle in their development. Spore germination, a process absent in humans, could harbor fungus-specific targets. Through novel assays, 191 inhibitors of spore germination of Cryptococcus were identified and characterized, showing high potency against spore germination while maintaining low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Lihua Fan, Yanru Zhang, Balarabe Bilyaminu Ismail, Aliyu Idris Muhammad, Guoliang Li, Donghong Liu
Summary: Bacterial spores are resistant to harsh environmental conditions, but can be induced to germinate using specific germinants. The germination-inactivation strategy has been validated in food and has sparked interest in maximizing spore germination. However, there are still uncertainties and unknown signal transduction mechanisms involved in germination. Sensitive detection of germination biomarkers and optimal timing for subsequent inactivation are crucial for the successful implementation of the strategy.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Shuang Lu, Xianyin Liao, Li Zhang, Ying Fang, Meixian Xiang, Xiaohua Guo
Summary: The study found that L-alanine is effective in enhancing the probiotic function of Bacillus in animal production by promoting intestinal health, offering a potential alternative to antibiotics in feed.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jichao Huang, Kairan Sheng, Yali Zhang, Mengmeng Song, Ahtisham Ali, Tianran Huang, Ming Huang
Summary: This study identified a new sterilization combination consisting of a germinant (AGFNa-1) and cold plasma treatment that effectively deactivated Bacillus licheniformis spores. The combination not only reduced the spore count, but also disrupted the inner membrane structure and inactivated the bacteria.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Juan Wen, Jan P. P. M. Smelt, Norbert O. E. Vischer, Arend L. de Vos, Peter Setlow, Stanley Brul
Summary: The heat activation and heat damage profile of Bacillus subtilis spores were determined in this study. Heat activation at 40 to 70 degrees C promoted spore germination, while heat inactivation and damage to germination-related molecules occurred at 70 degrees C.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Marc Liggins, Norma Ramirez Ramirez, Ernesto Abel-Santos
Summary: Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that forms spores to survive in harsh environments. It can germinate through two distinct pathways, the amino acid-only pathway and the bile salt/amino acid pathway. Different strains of C. perfringens have strain-specific spore formation requirements, but the germination responses are consistent among all strains.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Prabhat K. Talukdar, Mahfuzur R. Sarker
Summary: This study identified new sporulation and germination genes in Clostridium perfringens, and confirmed the importance of these genes in the processes of spore formation and germination.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sophie Blinker, Jocelyne Vreede, Peter Setlow, Stanley Brul
Summary: Bacillus subtilis forms dormant spores upon nutrient depletion, with GerA as the major germinant receptor. GerA consists of three subunits and activation by L-alanine requires all three subunits. Structural predictions for the integral membrane protein GerAB indicate it is an alpha-helical transmembrane protein containing a water channel. Free L-alanine binds transiently to specific sites on GerAB in molecular dynamics simulations, providing a starting point for understanding L-alanine mediated signaling by GerAB in spore germination.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Pei-Wen Wang, Wei-Ting Lee, Ya-Na Wu, Dar-Bin Shieh
Summary: Clostridioides difficile, a spore-forming bacterium, poses a serious health problem as a nosocomial infectious pathogen. Its spores have complex structures and dormant characteristics, contributing to their resistance to harsh environments. The vegetative cells produce endospores, and the mature spores are released from the hosts for dissemination of the pathogen.
Article
Microbiology
Mengmeng Song, Yang Lei, Ahtisham Ali, Yan Xu, Kairan Sheng, Tianran Huang, Jichao Huang, Ming Huang
Summary: Licorice extract has been found to inhibit the germination and outgrowth of Paraclostridium bifermentans spores, offering a promising strategy to control contamination in vacuum-packaged meat.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Roua Almatrafi, Saeed Banawas, Mahfuzur R. Sarker
Summary: Spore germination is crucial in the development of Clostridium perfringens-associated food poisoning. A previous study found that dipicolinic acid (DPA) chelated with calcium (Ca-DPA) stimulates spore germination. This study aimed to explore the roles of Ca2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+ in spore germination. The results showed that Ca-DPA, but not DPA alone, induced C. perfringens spore germination. Additionally, spore-specific divalent cations Mn2+ and Mg2+, but not Zn2+, were found to induce spore germination.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yan Zhu, Yuanyuan Yao, Jinfeng Xi, Caiguo Tang, Lifang Wu
Summary: This study investigated the spore germination of F. graminearum by treating it with different temperatures, pH, and H2S concentration. The synergistic effects of temperature and pH on spores were considered to determine the optimal germination environment. It was found that H2S gas could significantly delay the germinating process, but the required concentration varied with environmental changes. This paper provides insights into the relationship between temperature, pH, H2S concentration, and the management of FHB.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Yan Wang, Norbert O. E. Vischer, Demi Wekking, Alessandra Boggian, Peter Setlow, Stanley Brul
Summary: In this study, Bacillus cereus spores were used to investigate the movement of the spore-specific inner membrane channel protein SpoVAEa, the dynamics of GerR and GerD in spore germination, and the behavior of the germinosome. The results show that some germination protein complexes may persist beyond the initiation of germination.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. Lopez-Pozo, B. Fernandez-Marin, I. J. Garcia-Plazaola, C. E. Seal, D. Ballesteros
Summary: Ageing in dry chlorophyllous propagules is influenced by photooxidation through the photosynthetic machinery. The differences in the ageing mechanisms of different species and under light and oxygen-deprived conditions are unknown. The cellular antioxidant capacity is hypothesized to be key in the inter- and intra-specific differences in the ageing process. Ageing kinetics in dry plant propagules is determined by the antioxidant system, but the photosynthetic machinery also plays an active role during ageing, even in darkness and hypoxia.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
M. E. Rubiano, J. -Y. Maillard, J. R. Rubino, M. K. Ijaz
LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
R. Wesgate, C. Evangelista, R. Atkinson, A. Shepard, O. Adegoke, J. -Y. Maillard
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Rebecca Wesgate, Florence Menard-Szczebara, Ahmad Khodr, Sylvie Cupferman, Jean-Yves Maillard
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Laura Rushton, Ahmad Khodr, Florence Menard-Szczebara, Jean-Yves Maillard, Sylvie Cupferman, Eshwar Mahenthiralingam
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
R. Wesgate, S. Fanning, Y. Hu, J-Y Maillard
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Tristan Rossignol, Sadri Znaidi, Murielle Chauvel, Rebecca Wesgate, Laurence Decourty, Florence Menard-Szczebara, Sylvie Cupferman, Maria Dalko-Sciba, Rosemary Barnes, Jean-Yves Maillard, Cosmin Saveanu, Christophe d'Enfert
Summary: HEPB demonstrates strong antifungal activity against Candida species, inhibiting their growth by promoting amino acid biosynthesis and chemical detoxification/oxidative stress response pathways. The mode of action of HEPB is distinguishable from other commonly used preservatives such as triclosan and methylparaben.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
M. J. Pascoe, J. -Y. Maillard
Summary: Cationic biocides are widely used for surface disinfection, while photosensitizers like TBO are being investigated as novel biocides. Melanin in Aspergillus brasiliensis conidia confers resistance to biocides and photosensitizers. Benzalkonium chloride, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, and TBO were highly effective against Candida albicans, but A. brasiliensis conidia showed tolerance to TBO and BZC, with NaDCC being the most effective. Inhibition of melanin biosynthesis increased sensitivity to all three biocides.
LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Katarzyna Ledwoch, Maddalena Magoga, Dulcie Williams, Stefania Fabbri, James Walsh, Jean-Yves Maillard
Summary: This study investigated the impact of treatments on bacterial viability, transferability, and recovery in dry-surface biofilms for the first time. The results showed that while many disinfectants were effective in killing and removing bacteria from DSBs, only a few could reduce bacterial transmission and prevent DSB recovery. Treatments without mechanical action had poorer effectiveness on DSBs.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Isabella Centeleghe, Phillip Norville, Louise Hughes, Jean-Yves Maillard
Summary: This study aimed to produce a dual species dry surface biofilm (DSB) and evaluate the efficacy of commercially available wipe products in eliminating pathogens within a dual species DSB and preventing their transfer. The results showed that some wipe products were effective in eliminating pathogens, but were not effective in preventing the transfer of Staphylococcus aureus between surfaces. This study provides important insights into the behavior of dual species DSB and the suitability of wipe products for disinfection.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jean-Yves Maillard
Summary: This review examined the impact of benzalkonium chloride (BKC), benzethonium chloride (BZT), and chloroxylenol (CHO) on antimicrobial resistance. The majority of studies used MIC to measure BKC efficacy, but the definition of "resistance" varied. In vitro studies showed that BKC exposure led to increased resistance and changes in antibiotic susceptibility profile, but the clinical significance and the correlation between BKC usage and gene dissemination remain uncertain. Limited research on BZT and CHO makes it difficult to draw conclusions about their impact on emerging resistance.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jean-Yves Maillard, Phil Collier, Katherine Hammer
LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Zahraa Amer Hashim, Jean-Yves Maillard, Melanie Jay Wilson, Rachel Jane Waddington
Summary: Microbial biofilms are dominant in endodontic therapy failure, with bacterial adhesion as the first step in biofilm establishment. This study extracted and characterized a biosurfactant (Lp-BS) from Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum, revealing its anti-adhesive properties against Streptococcus (Strep.) intermedius and Strep. anginosus.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Jean-Yves Maillard, Michael Pascoe
Summary: In this Review, the authors examine the mechanisms of action, resistance mechanisms, and implications of chemical biocides in various settings.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Jean-Yves Maillard, Guenter Kampf, Rose Cooper
Summary: This review discusses the challenges faced in wound care due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, the tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics, and reported resistance to non-antibiotic antimicrobials. It also highlights the lack of standardized methods for evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial dressings, as well as the difficulties in surveillance and management. The review calls for a unified approach to developing standardized methods that will provide a better basis for practitioners to make informed choices in wound care.
JAC-ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Lauren Gwynne, George T. Williams, Kai-Cheng Yan, Bethany L. Patenall, Jordan E. Gardiner, Xiao-Peng He, Jean-Yves Maillard, Tony D. James, Adam. C. Sedgwick, A. Toby. A. Jenkins
Summary: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an important enzyme biomarker with potential in detecting pathogenic bacteria. Research has shown that ALP has colorimetric and fluorescent responses towards Staphylococcus aureus and demonstrates selectivity over other bacteria. Encapsulation of ALP in hydrogels can be used as smart wound dressings for monitoring and treating wound infections.
BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
