Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hong Chen, Shiqun Dai, Mingxiong Ou, Shengfang Li, Chenyang Wang, Ziyu Li, Guanqun Wang, Yu Chen, Weidong Jia
Summary: The operational safety of high clearance sprayers was validated through finite element simulation and vibration testing. The results showed that the static performance of the sprayer frames under different conditions was satisfactory and there was no occurrence of resonance. These findings provide valuable reference for the overall design of high clearance sprayers.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Biology
A. H. van Heteren, S. Wroe, L. R. Tsang, D. R. Mitchell, P. Ross, J. A. Ledogar, M. R. G. Attard, D. Sustaita, P. Clausen, R. P. Scofield, G. Sansalone
Summary: By comparing the shape and biomechanical performance of Haast's eagle with five extant scavenging and predatory birds, it was found that the neurocranium of Haast's eagle is vulture-like, the beak is eagle-like, and the talons are similar to eagles, with high load-bearing capacity. The results suggest that Haast's eagle may have habitually hunted prey larger than itself and utilized feeding methods similar to vultures.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Xijin Hua, Junyan Li, Enrico De Pieri, Stephen J. Ferguson
Summary: This study developed a multiscale computational modeling approach to investigate the time-dependent biphasic behavior of the articular cartilage in the hip joint under physiological loading. The results showed that the interstitial fluid pressure in the cartilage supported the majority of the load, and the location of the contact area affected the changes in peak pressures during various activities.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robyn A. Grant, Luca Taraborrelli, Tom Allen
Summary: This study quantified the changes in tennis racket shape over time by conducting a two-dimensional morphometric analysis on 514 rackets dating from 1874 to 2017. The results showed that head width and length were strongly correlated to Principal Component 1, which accounted for 87% of the variation in racket shape. Principal Component 1 was also correlated to the Polar and Transverse moments of inertia. Racket age and material had a small to medium effect on Principal Component 1. Mean racket shapes were generated for different material and age groupings, providing insights into how these shape changes may have influenced performance and injury risk.
Article
Engineering, Industrial
D. Sampayo, P. Luque, D. A. Mantaras, E. Rodriguez
Summary: This article discusses the necessity of combining multibody dynamics computer simulations with finite element structural analysis for accurate design of certain mechanisms, especially for multibody mechanisms. The traditional approach to go-kart chassis design is reviewed, and a new design methodology is proposed that combines multibody simulation and finite elements to address existing issues.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SIMULATION MODELLING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
J. B. Blaauw, J. P. Schilder
Summary: This research presents a novel method to determine transient stresses in fairground attractions using a combination of Ansys' finite element models, model order reduction, and Simscape Multibody. The method provides similar accuracy to a full transient study but requires less computational time, making it suitable for real-time applications. The method also allows for the application of powerful tools within the electrical and control domain. Extensive comparisons are made between the new method and quasi-static structural analysis as well as full transient structural analysis, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each method on different structures.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Alfredo Gay Neto
Summary: This paper proposes an integrated framework for handling and managing automatic contact detection in complex multibody systems. Both rigid and flexible bodies can be considered, and strategies such as MBD, FEM, and DEM can be employed. Pointwise contact interactions are modeled based on geometric descriptions and the master-master contact formulation. A hierarchy of bounding volumes is used for collision detection, and a local contact problem is solved to determine the contact point location. The proposed strategy is independent of MBD/FEM/DEM characteristics and can be used with different time integration solvers.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biology
M. Taverne, P. J. Watson, H. Dutel, R. Boistel, D. Lisicic, Z. Tadic, A-C. Fabre, M. J. Fagan, A. Herrel
Summary: This study investigates how variation in cranial form and feeding mechanics relate to rapid changes in diet in an insular lizard population. The results show that even small differences in shape, combined with variation in muscle architecture, can lead to significant functional differences, allowing access to novel food resources.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Allison M. Luger, Peter J. Watson, Hugo Dutel, Michael J. Fagan, Luc Van Hoorebeke, Anthony Herrel, Dominique Adriaens
Summary: This study aimed to test the impact of caudal vertebral shape variation on tail function using multibody dynamic analysis (MDA). The results showed that models with distal musculature are the most efficient and the m. ilio-caudalis pars dorsalis is least efficient. The study reveals the importance of vertebral shape and muscular arrangement on the total force the tail can generate.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Anqi Xue, Zuming Mao, Xiaoyu Zhu, Qiang Yang, Peichen Wang, Zimu Mao, Mingze Du, Xu Ma, Dong Jiang, Yubo Fan, Feng Zhao
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical effects of horizontal meniscal tears and different resection strategies on a rabbit knee joint using finite element analysis. The results showed that the horizontal meniscal tears had little biomechanical impact on the rabbit knee joint, and some of the partial meniscectomy strategies also had minimal effect on joint stress. It is recommended to preserve the posterior root and the remaining peripheral edge of the meniscus during surgery for a horizontal meniscal tear.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yuchen Liu, Ming Fang, Ruifeng Zhao, Hengyan Liu, Min Tian, Sheng Zhong, Shizhu Bai
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of periodontal splints made from different materials on stress distributions in compromised periodontal tissues and cement layers. Using a computer simulation of mastication, it was found that the use of splints effectively distributed loads and reduced stress. Splinting materials with low elastic moduli reduced stress concentration at the connectors, but increased tensile stress in the cement layer.
Article
Polymer Science
Larissa Mendes Campaner, Marcos Paulo Motta Silveira, Guilherme Schmitt de Andrade, Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges, Marco Antonio Bottino, Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva, Roberto Lo Giudice, Pietro Ausiello, Joao Paulo Mendes Tribst
Summary: This study evaluated the biomechanical behavior of different interim restorative materials for posterior fixed partial dentures, with resin composite attenuating stress on the cement layer and acrylic resin attenuating stress on the connector region.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Xiao Hong, Xiaoyu Wang, Zhihai Zhang, Mahantesh M. Nadakatti, Jiaqi Jin, Yihao Chi
Summary: In this study, a bi-directional coupling modeling method was used to establish the structure of ballast track innovatively, and field experimental data was used for verification. Based on this, simulation analysis of stabilizing operation was carried out to explore the change rules of various mechanical properties of the ballast track. The results showed that stabilizing operation could quickly move down the sleepers of the new railway line by 5.56 mm. The most significant improvement was the average coordination number between the ballast in the top layer of the crib area, which increased by 19.3%. The most significant area for improving the compactness of the ballast bed was the uppermost layer at the bottom of a sleeper, with an improvement rate of 6.4%. After stabilizing operation, the longitudinal and lateral resistances and supporting stiffness of the ballast track increased by 45.1%, 37.9% and 172.0%, respectively.
COMPUTATIONAL PARTICLE MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yunlong Guo, Can Shi, Chunfa Zhao, Valeri Markine, Guoqing Jing
Summary: This study investigates the impact of using crumb rubber (CR) in the ballast layer on the dynamic performance of train and ballast layer. The results show that CR can increase the accelerations of sleeper, rail and train, but decrease the ballast degradation and subgrade surface stress. Small size CR has a greater influence on the system's dynamic performance and is more effective in improving sleeper displacement, subgrade stress, and ballast bed stress.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Ergonomics
Fang Wang, Junzhi Wu, Lin Hu, Chao Yu, Bingyu Wang, Xiaoqun Huang, Karol Miller, Adam Wittek
Summary: This study analyzed the head protection effectiveness of nine different helmets in two typical cycling accidents. The results showed that helmets can reduce the risk of head injury for cyclists, but they may increase rotational acceleration of the head. The predictions obtained using different injury criteria varied.
JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel Garcia-Martinez, Markus Bastir, Chiara Villa, Francisco Garcia-Rio, Isabel Torres-Sanchez, Wolfgang Recheis, Alon Barash, Roman Hossein Khonsari, Paul O'Higgins, Marc R. Meyer, Yann Heuze
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Anthropology
Antonio Profico, Luca Bondioli, Pasquale Raia, Paul O'Higgins, Damiano Marchi
Summary: This study introduces a new R package, morphomap, for extracting shape information, building cortical thickness maps, and calculating biomechanical parameters on long bones. It greatly facilitates rapid analysis of long bone form, proving to be a valuable addition to historical analysis software for osteology.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alessandro Mondanaro, Marina Melchionna, Mirko Di Febbraro, Silvia Castiglione, Philip B. Holden, Neil R. Edwards, Francesco Carotenuto, Luigi Maiorano, Maria Modafferi, Carmela Serio, Jose A. F. Diniz-Filho, Thiago Rangel, Lorenzo Rook, Paul O'Higgins, Penny Spikins, Antonio Profico, Pasquale Raia
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Olivia A. M. Smith, Youssef S. G. Nashed, Christian Duncan, Nick Pears, Antonio Profico, Paul O'Higgins
Summary: The study developed a statistical model to compare craniofacial ontogeny between different age groups and sexes. Results showed that children aged 3-10 undergo greater changes than adolescents aged 11-20, and males extend growth allometrically into larger size ranges. While no significant differences were found in ontogenetic trajectories between sexes, there was a significant residual sexual dimorphism in the older age group.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Olivia A. M. Smith, Christian Duncan, Nick Pears, Antonio Profico, Paul O'Higgins
Summary: This study developed statistical models of craniofacial aging to compare the aging process between males and females throughout adulthood. It found significant differences in the way males and females age, as well as in the characteristics, timing, and rates of aging between early and later phases of adulthood. Further research is needed to assess generalizability and provide better data for clinical assessment and treatment planning.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Hugo Dutel, Flora Groning, Alana C. Sharp, Peter J. Watson, Anthony Herrel, Callum F. Ross, Marc E. H. Jones, Susan E. Evans, Michael J. Fagan
Summary: Cranial morphology in lepidosaurs varies greatly with frequent loss or reduction of bony elements, but the mechanical principles underlying these variations remain poorly understood. Through computer-based simulation, it was found that despite differences in strain gradients, the overall strain magnitude and distribution across the cranium were similar in two large, active foragers, highlighting the importance of the postorbital bar in resistance to feeding loads. The reduction of the postorbital bar did not impair biting performance or structural resistance to feeding loads in Varanus niloticus.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Laura Perez-Pachon, Parivrudh Sharma, Helena Brech, Jenny Gregory, Terry Lowe, Matthieu Poyade, Flora Groning
Summary: The study investigated the accuracy of holographic headsets in registering virtual models with real-world features based on the position and size of image markers. Results showed that certain image marker positions and smaller markers led to larger errors in perceived dimensions of virtual models, while larger markers resulted in smaller errors. Approximately 70.7% of cases had errors of <= 2 degrees, and approximately 76% had errors of <= 2 mm.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Federica Landi, James Barraclough, Andrej Evteev, Anatoliy Anikin, Leonid Satanin, Paul O'Higgins
Summary: This study found that the nasal and subnasal regions make significant contributions to facial development in children during early ontogeny, with the nasal septum and developing dentition playing crucial roles. Additionally, while soft tissues have local contributions to the development of certain skeletal elements, they have a less pronounced effect on facial height compared to skeletal components.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter J. Watson, Alana C. Sharp, Tarun Choudhary, Michael J. Fagan, Hugo Dutel, Susan E. Evans, Flora Groning
Summary: The study used computational methods to analyze the biomechanics of rabbit cranium during mastication, showing that most of the cranium, including the unique fenestrated rostrum, transmits masticatory strains. Peak strains were found to be attributed to both incisor and molar biting, indicating a skull shape adapted for a combination of infrequent incisor bites and cyclic molar bites. However, certain regions experienced low peak strain, suggesting they are not designed to resist masticatory forces.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Antonio Profico, Carlotta Zeppilli, Ileana Micarelli, Alessandro Mondanaro, Pasquale Raia, Damiano Marchi, Giorgio Manzi, Paul O'Higgins
Summary: In biological anthropology, parameters related to cross-sectional geometry are calculated to evaluate the degree of lateralization in paired long bones. Both males and females exhibit right lateralization, with males showing higher lateralization than females. Occupation and loading history do not show significant association with lateralization. Body weight, height, and long-bone length are major factors in asymmetry in the humerus, with the degree of lateralization decreasing in older individuals.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Christopher Lyon, Erin E. Saupe, Christopher J. Smith, Daniel J. Hill, Andrew P. Beckerman, Lindsay C. Stringer, Robert Marchant, James McKay, Ariane Burke, Paul O'Higgins, Alexander M. Dunhill, Bethany J. Allen, Julien Riel-Salvatore, Tracy Aze
Summary: Anthropogenic activity is altering Earth's climate and ecosystems in ways that could be dangerous and disruptive to humans. The rise in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere is projected to have lasting effects beyond 2100. This calls for a need to focus on long-term planning and policy measures to address the impacts of climate change.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Alana C. Sharp, Hugo Dutel, Peter J. Watson, Flora Groning, Nick Crumpton, Michael J. Fagan, Susan E. Evans
Summary: Cranial sutures are fibrocellular joints between skull bones that are gradually replaced with bone, facilitating growth and cranial shape change. Our study used computational biomechanical methods to simulate biting in a rat skull and found that the presence of cranial sutures did not significantly alter overall strain gradients across the cranium, but did affect local variations in strain magnitudes and patterns near the sutures. This suggests that the importance of sutures differs in different regions and should be considered in models requiring accurate local strain magnitudes and patterns.
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Wuyang Shui, Antonio Profico, Paul O'Higgins
Summary: This study extends previous research on the effects of different approaches to locating semilandmarks on the estimates of average shape and shape variation. The findings suggest that these different approaches can yield different estimates of surface shapes. The study highlights the importance of considering the particular study context and aims when choosing semilandmarking approaches.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Costantino Buzi, Antonio Profico, Ce Liang, Roman H. Khonsari, Paul O'Higgins, Mehran Moazen, Katerina Harvati
Summary: The use of non-destructive approaches such as computerised tomography (CT) allows detailed study of internal structures of skeletal material. We introduce a new R-based software tool, Icex, for the study of skeletal cavities and fossae in 3D digital images. Icex enables rapid quantification of these structures.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Anatomy & Morphology
Flora Groning, Laura Perez-Pachon, Sofia Aliotta, Caroline Collas, Anastassia Fertikova, Norman Koos, Ronja Struck, Neil Curtis, Rebecca Crozier
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2021)