Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
A. Zarowski, M. C. Fuentes, D. Schaudel, M. Leblans, L. De Coninck, T. Theunen, A. Vermeiren, L. Verschoren, J. van Dinther, E. F. Offeciers
Summary: After surgical implantation of a cochlear implant, individualized programming can be achieved through stapedius reflex measurement instead of behavioral measurements. Research showed a high preservation rate of stapedius reflex postoperatively in adult subjects with single sided deafness at 1- and 6-months after surgery.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Subathra Poopalasundaram, Jo Richardson, Anthony Graham
Summary: The pharyngeal arches in vertebrates are a defining feature of embryonic head and undergo rearrangement during development. The expansion of the second arch plays a central role in this remodeling. The posterior margin of the expanding second arch exhibits leading edge, with elevated proliferation in the underlying mesenchymal cells. The expression of key developmental signaling molecules, namely BMP7, FGF8, and SHH, occurs in the posterior marginal epithelium and continues during the expansion period.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qingyi Tian, Fangchen Zhao, Han Zeng, Maoyan Zhu, Baoyu Jiang
Summary: Pharyngeal arches are an important innovation in the evolution of vertebrate jaws and braincase. By analyzing the branchial arches of yunnanozoans, it was found that they share similar cellular cartilage and extracellular matrix features with vertebrates, providing further evidence that yunnanozoans are stem vertebrates.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christine Hirschberger, Victoria A. Sleight, Katharine E. Criswell, Stephen J. Clark, J. Andrew Gillis
Summary: The study reveals broad conservation of dorsoventral patterning mechanisms within the developing mandibular, hyoid, and gill arches of a cartilaginous fish, the skate. It also highlights differences in notch signaling between mandibular and gill arches in skate. Comparative transcriptomic analyses show additional genes differentially expressed along the DV axis of the pharyngeal arches.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Anthony Graham, Jill P. J. M. Hikspoors, Robert H. Anderson, Wouter H. Lamers, Simon D. Bamforth
Summary: The pharyngeal arches, bulges on the head of vertebrate embryos, have been traditionally labelled as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, with no fifth arch. Recent studies have shown that this labelling is problematic and causes confusion in understanding pharyngeal arch development. To address this, a new terminology is proposed, labelling the arches as mandibular, hyoid, carotid, aortic, and pulmonary.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Sara Toro-Tobon, Monica Manrique, Juliana Paredes-Gutierrez, Esperanza Mantilla-Rivas, Haley Oh, Laiba Ahmad, Albert K. Oh, Gary F. Rogers
Summary: The pharyngeal arches are crucial for the development of the face and neck, and understanding their normal and pathological development is paramount for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Ayman Amer, Anas Magdy Saqr, Ahmed Mohamed Zayed, Mohamed El-Kotb, Ahmed Elsobki
Summary: Posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation is effective in improving velopharyngeal function in patients with persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) post-adenoidectomy. Using conchal and/or septal cartilage as grafts is a safe procedure, regardless of the patient's age.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Stefan Washausen, Wolfgang Knabe
Summary: Using various methods, this study reveals that senescence and apoptosis contribute to the development of branchial arches, epibranchial placodes, and pharyngeal pouches in mice. These processes play a role in the invagination of branchial clefts, deepening of the cervical sinus floor, induction of pit indentation, regulation of Pax8(+) precursors, narrowing of neuroblast delamination sites, and regression of placodes. The putative signaling centers in the pharyngeal pouches are likely deactivated by senescence and apoptosis.
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jaroslav Fabik, Viktorie Psutkova, Ondrej Machon
Summary: This review focuses on the craniofacial development in mouse and zebrafish models, highlighting the gene regulatory networks directing the patterning and osteochondrogenesis of the mandibular and hyoid arches. The study identifies that mandibular malformations often co-occur with hyoid malformations in humans and mice, and the dysregulation of molecular signalling influences the development of skeletal components of the viscerocranium.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Brian P. Heubel, Carson A. Bredesen, Thomas F. Schilling, Pierre Le Pabic
Summary: Background Endochondral ossification is a major bone forming mechanism in vertebrates, defects in which can result in skeletal dysplasia or craniofacial anomalies in humans. The zebrafish holds great potential to advance our understanding of endochondral growth zone development and genetics, yet several important aspects of its biology remain unexplored. Here we provide a comprehensive description of endochondral growth zones in the pharyngeal skeleton, including their developmental progression, cellular activity, and adult fates. Results Postembryonic growth of the pharyngeal skeleton is supported by endochondral growth zones located either at skeletal epiphyses or synchondroses.Col2a1aandcol10a1ain situ hybridization and anti-PCNA immunostaining identify resting-, hypertrophic- and proliferative zones, respectively, in pharyngeal synchondroses. Cellular hypertrophy and matrix deposition contribute little, if at all, to axial growth in most skeletal elements. Zebrafish endochondral growth zones develop during metamorphosis and arrest in adults. Conclusions Two endochondral growth zone configurations in the zebrafish pharyngeal skeleton produce either unidirectional (epiphyses) or bidirectional (synchondroses) growth. Cell proliferation drives endochondral growth and its modulation, in contrast to mammalian long bones in which bone length depends more on cell enlargement during hypertrophy and intramembranous ossification is the default mechanism of bone growth in zebrafish adults.
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Nam Hyun Cho, Michael E. Ravicz, Sunil Puria
Summary: The flexible ossicular chain in mammals, consisting of the tensor tympani muscle and the stapedius muscle, allows independent alterations of middle-ear sound transmission. Pulling on these muscles can change the shape of the tympanic membrane and the motion of the ossicles, affecting sound-induced vibrations and transmission delay. These effects may play a role in aligning auditory and visual representations of the environment.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Paola Nicolas, Fred Etoc, Ali H. Brivanlou
Summary: This article discusses the ethics of human embryoids, emphasizing the importance of consistent ethical principles for research on these new entities and criticizing current practices that do not consider the potential benefits of human embryos. The article calls for a reevaluation of the ban on embryo research, advocating for a flexible assessment of research necessity based on the completeness of the model and developmental stage of the entity.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Eunhye Kim, Fang Wu, Danbi Lim, Christopher Zeuthen, Yiming Zhang, James Allen, Laura Muraine, Capucine Trollet, Katherine E. Vest, Hyojung J. Choo
Summary: This study reveals that pharyngeal muscles have high levels of active HGF, which drives the basal proliferation of SCs. FAPs are the major cell type providing HGF in pharyngeal muscles. Additionally, activated SCs with large cell size and increased mitochondrial content were found in pharyngeal muscles, providing new insights into the distinctive activity of pharyngeal SCs.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shireen R. Lamande, Elizabeth S. Ng, Trevor L. Cameron, Louise H. W. Kung, Lisa Sampurno, Lynn Rowley, Jinia Lilianty, Yudha Nur Patria, Tayla Stenta, Eric Hanssen, Katrina M. Bell, Ritika Saxena, Kathryn S. Stok, Edouard G. Stanley, Andrew G. Elefanty, John F. Bateman
Summary: Researchers have developed a method to direct iPSC-derived sclerotome to differentiate into chondroprogenitors or articular chondrocytes, and further transition into hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts. The system can be used to model genetic skeletal disorders and generate cells for regenerative medicine applications, mimicking in vivo bone formation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biology
Jifan Feng, Xia Han, Yuan Yuan, Courtney Kyeong Cho, Eva Janeckova, Tingwei Guo, Siddhika Pareek, Md Shaifur Rahman, Banghong Zheng, Jing Bi, Junjun Jing, Mingyi Zhang, Jian Xu, Thach-Vu Ho, Yang Chai
Summary: This study investigates the role of TGF-beta signaling in the regulation of pharyngeal muscle development in mice, revealing that TGF-beta signaling activates the Fgf18 pathway to regulate communication between perimysial fibroblasts and myogenic cells.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
J. H. Kim, N. Sugai, D. Suzuki, G. Murakami, H. Abe, J. F. Rodriguez-Vazquez, M. Yamamoto
Summary: This study observed the paratenons associated with the cruciate ligaments in human fetuses and found that the paratenons contained abundant blood vessels. The cruciate ligaments were mainly embedded in the paratenons, and differences in prenatal knee movements may lead to differences in the thickness of the paratenons among fetuses. Newborns may have limited knee flexion due to the burden of the thick paratenons, and slight twisting or rotation can disrupt the paratenons and accelerate cavitation.
FOLIA MORPHOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Z. W. Jin, S. Umeki, Y. Takeuchi, M. Yamamoto, G. Murakami, S. Abe, J. F. Rodriguez-Vazquez
Summary: This study observed the variations of the inferior oblique (IO) muscle in fetal extraocular muscles. It found that in early fetuses, the IO was restricted at an antero-infero-medial angle of the future orbit. At midterm, the IO tendon and different attachment sites were evident, and at late-term, a multilayered sheath surrounded the sclera and there was fascial connection with the inferior rectus. Additionally, the IO originated from the maxilla near the orbicularis oculi origin and a vein-rich fibrous tissue around the lacrimal sac. The findings suggest that these variations may contribute to adult variations and the role of the muscle fibers from the lacrimal sac in lacrimal drainage.
FOLIA MORPHOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
S. Hayashi, J. H. Kim, Z. -W. Jin, G. Murakami, J. F. Rodriguez-Vazquez, S. Abe
Summary: During early fetal development, a thick sheet of loose mesenchymal tissue called SLMT appears between the lung bud and body wall. This tissue eventually becomes fragmented and disappears as the lung bud invades it. The present study compared the development and breaking of SLMT in the retrosternal space with the tympanic cavity filled with loose mesenchymal tissues. The findings showed that the volume of SLMT was not determined by adjacent structures, while the tympanic cavity volume was influenced by adjacent hard tissue and tympanic membrane earlier than cavitation.
FOLIA MORPHOLOGICA
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Zhe-Wu Jin, Ji Hyun Kim, Masahito Yamamoto, Gen Murakami, Shin-ichi Abe, Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Vazquez
Summary: This study evaluated the regression process of the yolk sac, vitelline artery, and vein in the development of embryos. The results showed that the yolk sac regressed first, followed by the regression of the vitelline artery.
ANATOMY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Shinya Hanada, Ji Hyun Kim, Shuichiro Taniguchi, Masahito Yamamoto, Gen Murakami, Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Vazquez, Shin-ichi Abe
Summary: This study investigates the anatomical changes in the relationship between the palatine bone and the maxilla, specifically focusing on the palatine canals. It was found that in the fetal palatine canal, the palatine bone forms the medial and posterior walls, while the maxilla forms the lateral wall. Additionally, during the mid-term fetus, the palatine bone expands and pushes the maxilla anteriorly and laterally. The morphological changes in the skull anatomy of fetuses may be established after birth, possibly during adolescence, and may be related to the growth of the maxillary sinus.
SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Shogo Hayashi, Ji Hyun Kim, Zhe Wu Jin, Gen Murakami, Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Vazquez, Hiroshi Abe
Summary: This study examines the developmental changes of the calcaneal tendon sheath in fetuses. The results show that the sheath consists of multiple layers, with the innermost layer attached to the tendon and sometimes containing the plantaris tendon. The structure of the sheath in fetuses differs from that in adults.
SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Ji Hyun Kim, Shogo Hayashi, Gen Murakami, Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Vazquez, Takayoshi Miyaki
Summary: The study explores the connection between the lung and liver in avian embryonic development without a diaphragm. It is found that there is transient fusion between the lung and liver, which is dependent on the timing and development of the embryonic membranes.
ANATOMIA HISTOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGIA
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Masahito Yamamoto, Yoshinosuke Hirota, Genji Watanabe, Shuichiro Taniguchi, Gen Murakami, Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Vazquez, Shin-ichi Abe
Summary: Glossectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the tongue in patients with cancer, which significantly affects speech and swallowing function. This study aims to investigate the developmental processes of both the tongue muscles and the median lingual septum (MLS) to achieve successful tongue regeneration.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Masahito Yamamoto, Shogo Hayashi, Yohei Honkura, Ai Hirano-Kawamoto, Yukio Katori, Gen Murakami, Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Vazquez, Shinichi Abe
Summary: Recent studies in molecular biology have uncovered the process of nasal capsule determination. The aim of this study was to create a fate map that illustrates the relationship between the adult and embryonic components of the nasal wall and nasal capsule derivatives. Through examination of histological sections from mid-term and near-term foetuses, we found that membranous ossification and degenerative cartilage contribute to the formation of various nasal bones and structures. Additionally, the guidance provided by the nasal capsule seems to play a role in the variation of the shape of the nasal cavity.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Kwang Ho Cho, Shogo Hayashi, Zhe Wu Jin, Ji Hyun Kim, Gen Murakami, Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Vazquez
Summary: Background: Embryonic pulmonary veins are absorbed into the left atrium to provide an adult morphology with four separate veins draining into the atrium. Materials and methods: Serial histological sections were obtained from 27 human embryos and fetuses. Results: Between 5 and 6 weeks, the four pulmonary veins joined together to form a larger trunk-like structure than the initial left atrium. Cardiac nerves ran along the posterior aspect of the veins. At 7 weeks, the cardiac nerves elongated and separated the left pulmonary vein trunk from the expanding left atrium. At 8-12 weeks, the opening of the left and right pulmonary veins became distant, and the left atrial posterior wall was flat and smooth. Conclusion: The four-ostia pattern seemed to be established at birth due to increased venous return from the lung.
SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Ji Hyun Kim, Zhe-Wu Jin, Shogo Hayashi, Gen Murakami, Hiroshi Abe, Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Vazquez
Summary: The development of the human fetal sacroiliac joint involves unequal bone development and delayed cavitation. This is similar to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A study of fetal specimens revealed that ossification of the ilium extended to the joint at 12 weeks, followed by joint cartilage development and cavitation. In contrast, the TMJ and humeroradial joint did not exhibit the same sequence of ossification, cartilage development, and cavitation.
ANATOMY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Gen Murakami, Kwang Ho Cho, Kei Kitamura, Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Vazquez, Tatsuo Sato
Summary: The study observed the anatomical structure of RCLM in fetal heads and found that it is closely related to the cervical muscle group and plays an important role in the growth of the cervical bone and venous support. In addition, there is no direct connection between RCLM and the first cervical nerve.
SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Zhe-Wu Jin, Yohei Honkura, Masahito Yamamoto, Shogo Hayashi, Gen Murakami, Hiroshi Abe, Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Vazquez
Summary: The study found that Os goniale plays a role in the development of the sphenomandibular ligament (SML). Most specimens exhibited a sequential change from a cartilaginous remnant of Meckel's cartilage to the ligament.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Kwang Ho Cho, Yohei Honkura, Ji Hyun Kim, Shogo Hayashi, Kei Kitamura, Gen Murakami, Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Vazquez
Summary: The topographical relationships among the lower cranial nerves, internal carotid artery (ICA), and internal jugular vein (IJV) in the upper parapharyngeal neurovascular bundle were examined in this study.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Ji Hyun Kim, Zhe-Wu Jin, Hiroshi Abe, Gen Murakami, Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Vazquez, Nobuyuki Hinata
Summary: A novel type of distal vaginal atresia was found in a late-term fetus, which differed from the common causes of solitary distal vaginal atresia. The study suggests that the hymen is not part of the cloacal membrane, but rather a product of late recanalization of the distal vagina after vaginal descent.
ANATOMY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
