Article
Environmental Sciences
Leena Malayil, Suhana Chattopadhyay, Anthony Bui, Mansi Panse, Robin Cagle, Emmanuel F. Mongodin, Amy R. Sapkota
Summary: Multiple studies have shown the presence of bacterial pathogens in cigarettes, however, there is no published data on whether these microorganisms can be aerosolized and transmitted to the respiratory tract of smokers. This study characterized the bacterial communities in cigarettes and found that they can be aerosolized in mainstream smoke. While culturable bacteria were not found in filtered cigarette smoke, sequencing data showed similar bacterial community diversity in filtered and unfiltered cigarette smoke, suggesting the presence of non-culturable bacteria. This study provides new evidence that tobacco-associated bacterial communities can be aerosolized in mainstream smoke and potentially transferred to the oral cavity and respiratory tract of smokers.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Huihua Ji, Zhenyu Jin, Laura Fenton, Stacey Slone
Summary: This study analyzed the levels of aromatic amines in commercial cigars and found significant variations among different products. Aromatic amines showed a positive correlation with total particulate matter and proteins, with water-insoluble proteins making a greater contribution to their formation.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alexandra M. Ward, Jon O. Ebbert
Summary: The study found that smoke from hemp cigarettes contains biologically significant concentrations of carbonyls. Opportunities may exist to reduce carbonyl production in these products for therapeutic use, and potential risks must be considered when balancing the harms and benefits of hemp cigarettes.
CANNABIS AND CANNABINOID RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Selvin H. Edwards, Matthew D. Hassink, Kenneth M. Taylor, Clifford H. Watson, Peter Kuklenyik, Brett Kimbrell, Liqun Wang, Patrick Chen, Liza Valentin-Blasini
Summary: Cigars, especially little cigars, contain higher levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) such as NNK and NNN in their mainstream smoke compared to commercial cigarettes. The study measured the quantities of TSNAs in the tobacco filler and mainstream smoke of 60 commercial little cigars using LC-MS/MS, showing a 3- to 5-fold increase in NNK and NNN yields in little cigars compared to previously tested cigarettes.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Wanchun Yang, Xuemin Yang, Lujing Jiang, Hongjia Song, Guangye Huang, Kun Duan, Xingtao Jiang, Min Li, Peiqing Liu, Jianwen Chen
Summary: In this study, the effects of electronic cigarette aerosol (ECA) and cigarette smoke (CS) on respiratory function were compared using a mouse model. The results showed that ECA had a smaller impact on lung function and inflammation compared to CS, supporting the relative safety of e-cigarettes.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ana Paula Valadares da Silva, Aline Oliveira Silva, Francielle Roberta Dias de Lima, Lucas Benedet, Aline de Jesus Franco, Josimara Karina de Souza, Alexandre Carvalho Ribeiro Junior, Eder Rodrigues Batista, Alberto Vasconcellos Inda, Nilton Curi, Luiz Roberto Guimaraes Guilherme, Marco Aurelio Carbone Carneiro
Summary: This study evaluates the effect of pH reduction in iron mine tailings on the availability of potentially toxic elements (PTE). The results show that lowering the pH of the tailings increases the solubility of some PTE, but the concentrations do not exceed the limits set by Brazilian regulations.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Tianze Sun, Carmen C. W. Lim, Daniel Stjepanovic, Janni Leung, Jason P. Connor, Coral Gartner, Wayne D. Hall, Gary C. K. Chan
Summary: A study on US youth found that smoking prevalence decreased among those who regularly use electronic cigarettes, while intention to smoke in the future decreased or remained unchanged. The results provide little evidence that electronic cigarette use has increased conventional cigarette smoking among youth.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jiu Ai, Matthew Hassink, Kenneth M. Taylor, Victoria Nicole Deycard, Bryan Hearn, Katrice Williams, Megan McGuigan, Liza Valentin-Blasini, Clifford H. Watson
Summary: The study measured the mainstream smoke yields of hydrogen cyanide and aromatic amines from 60 little cigar brands, finding that little cigars have 1.5 to 3 times higher yields of these compounds compared to conventional cigarettes, potentially leading to increased health concerns for smokers.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Francesco Esposito, Jonathan Squillante, Agata Nolasco, Paolo Montuori, Pasquale Giuseppe Macri, Teresa Cirillo
Summary: Acrylamide (AA) is a neurotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic compound developed during heating at high temperatures. Foods such as potatoes, biscuits, bread and coffee are the main foodstuffs containing AA. Cigarette smoke may be a significant additional source of exposure. The study aimed to evaluate the AA content in conventional cigarettes (CC) and heated tobacco products (HTP) and its resulting exposure through their use. Overall, the results confirmed that CC are a significant source of AA, and its levels were five times higher than in HTP.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Suhana Chattopadhyay, Leena Malayil, Emmanuel F. Mongodin, Amy R. Sapkota
Summary: Research indicates a wide range of bacterial and fungal microbiomes present in tobacco products, with some known human pathogens and others as potential opportunistic pathogens. Future studies should focus on the viability of these microorganisms and their potential transfer to the respiratory tract of users, potentially impacting their health.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew J. Carpenter, Amy E. Wahlquist, Jennifer Dahne, Kevin M. Gray, K. Michael Cummings, Graham Warren, Theodore L. Wagener, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Tracy T. Smith
Summary: This study investigated the naturalistic uptake and impact of e-cigarettes on smoking behavior among adult smokers. The results showed that unguided e-cigarette use can lead to smoking cessation or reduction, indicating that e-cigarettes can be effective in real-world scenarios of self-determined use.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hugo Torregrossa, Bertrand Dautzenberg, Pierre Birkui, Nicole Rieu, Marie-Dominique Dautzenberg, Maria Melchior, Murielle Mary-Krause
Summary: The study compared the characteristics of exclusive e-cigarette users with those of exclusive tobacco users and dual users. The results found that compared to exclusive tobacco smokers, e-cigarette users were less likely to use cannabis and more likely to initiate smoking with an e-cigarette or a hookah instead of traditional cigarettes. Additionally, exclusive e-cigarette users were younger and less likely to have smoking friends. Exclusive tobacco users and dual users had similar characteristics.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bekir Kaplan, Ana Navas-Acien, Ana M. Rule, Markus Hilpert, Joanna E. Cohen
Summary: This study evaluated the metal body burden in individuals using Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and found higher concentrations of cadmium and lead in the urine of ENDS users. However, these findings need to be confirmed through larger studies due to the small sample size and potential underreporting of past combustible tobacco use.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ana Amoros-Perez, Laura Cano-Casanova, Maria del Carmen Roman-Martinez, Maria Angeles Lillo-Rodenas
Summary: A laboratory setup was used to collect and study particulate and soluble matter generated from cigarette smoke or Heets aerosol. The results showed that cigarettes produced higher levels of particulate matter and soluble compounds compared to Heets. The solid matter from cigarette smoke contained insoluble fractions and traces of heavy metals, while the samples from Heets were mainly composed of carbon and oxygen and soluble in isopropanol.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leanne E. Mocniak, Zachary T. Bitzer, Neil Trushin, John P. Richie
Summary: Tobacco smoke free radicals, which depend on the intrinsic nitrate levels in tobacco, are closely associated with adverse health effects. The levels of gas phase radicals are highly correlated with nitrate levels in different tobacco types and brands. Nitrate addition to tobacco leaves increases the production of gas phase radicals and NNK in smoke. Tobacco nitrate plays a key role in the production of gas phase radicals and has implications for health regulation.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)