Article
Clinical Neurology
Matilde Bruno, Chiara Giuseppina Bonomi, Francesco Ricci, Martina Gaia Di Donna, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Giacomo Koch, Alessandro Martorana, Caterina Motta
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between BBB permeability and neuroinflammation in AD patients. The findings suggest that different neuroinflammatory profiles can be associated with different levels of BBB permeability in AD.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Jeff F. Dunn, Albert M. Isaacs
Summary: The blood-brain barrier, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and CSF-brain barriers are crucial for regulating the separation of nerves and glia from blood and CSF in the central nervous system. Hypoxia and inflammation can disrupt these barriers, impacting the overall health of the nervous system.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela J. Hanson, William A. Banks, Lisa F. Bettcher, Robert Pepin, Daniel Raftery, Sandi L. Navarro, Suzanne Craft
Summary: Brain glucose hypometabolism is an early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and interventions like ketogenic diets that offset this deficit show promise as AD therapeutics. On the other hand, high-fat feeding may worsen AD risk. This study found that triglyceride infusions had different effects on the ketones in the brain, especially in individuals with cognitive impairment. The results suggest that increasing plasma ketones may lead to higher brain ketones in high-risk groups and should be further studied.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia Czarniak, Joanna Kaminska, Joanna Matowicka-Karna, Olga Martyna Koper-Lenkiewicz
Summary: Cerebrospinal fluid plays a crucial role in protecting the central nervous system by providing support, absorbing shocks, and transporting nutrients and waste products. This review provides an overview of cerebrospinal fluid history, production, circulation, main components, and the roles of blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in maintaining homeostasis. The utility of Albumin Quotient evaluation in the diagnosis of CNS diseases is discussed. The importance of research on cerebrospinal fluid for improving disease management and discovering new treatment options is highlighted.
Article
Neurosciences
Lin-Lin Li, Ya-Hui Ma, Yan-Lin Bi, Fu-Rong Sun, Hao Hu, Xiao-He Hou, Wei Xu, Xue-Ning Shen, Qiang Dong, Lan Tan, Jiu-Long Yang, Jin-Tai Yu
Summary: The study found that elevated serum uric acid levels were associated with increased brain amyloid deposition in preclinical Alzheimer's disease, indicating a potential detrimental role of uric acid in AD pathology. Additionally, individuals with amyloid pathology had higher concentrations of uric acid, suggesting a possible link between uric acid levels and AD progression.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eleonora Giacopuzzi Grigoli, Federica Solca, Ilaria Milone, Edoardo Nicolo Aiello, Antonella Dubini, Antonia Ratti, Erminio Torresani, Barbara Poletti, Nicola Ticozzi, Emilio Ciusani, Vincenzo Silani, Federico Verde
Summary: The CSF/serum albumin quotient is not specific to Alzheimer's disease and is not associated with disease stage, cognitive decline, or CSF AD biomarkers.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shannon Morgan McCabe, Ningning Zhao
Summary: Manganese is an essential trace nutrient for life, but can become neurotoxic at high concentrations in the brain. The brain consists of two barriers - the blood-brain barrier (BBB) formed by endothelial cells and the blood-CSF barrier (BCB) formed by the choroid plexus - that prevent substances in the systemic circulation from reaching the brain and spinal cord. Studies have provided insights into manganese transport and metabolism in the brain, with a focus on the roles of the BBB and BCB in maintaining brain manganese homeostasis.
Review
Cell Biology
Wanran Li, Yun Zheng
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects memory, language, and thinking. Over 55 million people were diagnosed with AD or other forms of dementia worldwide in 2020. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to play important roles in AD development and have potential applications in diagnosis and treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing miRNAs are present in body fluids and are involved in cell-to-cell communication. This study summarizes the dysregulated miRNAs in EVs derived from different body fluids and brain tissues of AD patients, and discusses their potential functions and applications in AD. Certain miRNAs, such as miR-125b-5p and miR-9-5p, show promise as diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for AD.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Roland Nau, Fritz Sorgel, Helmut Eiffert
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance poses a growing threat to patients, including those with nosocomial central nervous system infections. Optimizing intravenous treatment to achieve sufficient concentrations of antibiotics in different CNS compartments is crucial when causative pathogens have reduced sensitivity to antibiotics or the blood-brain barrier is mildly impaired. Adjusting antibiotic doses and exploring new combinations have shown promise in addressing antimicrobial resistance in CNS infections.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yuying Cen, Yuheng Shan, Jiahua Zhao, Xiaojiao Xu, Zhiyong Nie, Jiatang Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of major transporters at the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in rats. The results showed that the efflux of levofloxacin from the central nervous system involves multi-drug resistance-associated proteins, breast cancer resistance protein, and organic anion transporters. The concentrations of levofloxacin in cerebrospinal fluid can be used as a surrogate to predict the concentrations inside the brain parenchyma.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiande Wang, Cheng Wu, Shiming Liu, Deqing Peng
Summary: Brain cancer is a highly aggressive cancer with limitations in current treatment strategies. The blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier pose additional challenges in drug delivery to brain tumors. Dual-targeting strategies have shown promise in enhancing drug delivery efficiency and targeting of tumor cells in brain tumors.
Article
Neurosciences
Yasuhiro Ogawa, Seioh Ezaki, Nobutake Shimojo, Satoru Kawano
Summary: The patient presented with various clinical symptoms of sepsis and after diagnosis and treatment, the orexin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid gradually recovered. This case provides new insights into the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sarinnapha M. Vasunilashorn, Long H. Ngo, Simon T. Dillon, Tamara G. Fong, Becky C. Carlyle, Pia Kivisakk, Bianca A. Trombetta, Kamen V. Vlassakov, Lisa J. Kunze, Steven E. Arnold, Zhongcong Xie, Sharon K. Inouye, Towia A. Libermann, Edward R. Marcantonio
Summary: In a study of older adults undergoing hip or knee surgery, it was found that surgery did not compromise the blood-brain barrier integrity. After surgery, there was a higher correlation between plasma and CSF levels of CRP and IL-6, with an increase in all three inflammatory markers from preoperative to postoperative 1 month.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tiago Giao, Tiago Teixeira, Maria Rosario Almeida, Isabel Cardoso
Summary: The choroid plexus is a monolayer of epithelial cells in the brain ventricles that forms a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. It secretes cerebrospinal fluid and plays a role in immune surveillance and toxin removal. Impaired function of the choroid plexus is associated with diseases like Alzheimer's, and therapies to restore its function are being proposed.
Article
Immunology
Ronald J. Ellis, Scott Peterson, Mariana Cherner, Erin Morgan, Rachel Schrier, Bin Tang, Martin Hoenigl, Scott Letendre, Jenny Iudicello
Summary: This study suggests that cannabis may have a beneficial impact on HIV-associated blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury, with worse BBB index values correlated with higher levels of neural injury in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The findings support a potential therapeutic role of cannabis among people living with HIV (PWH) and may have important treatment implications for antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectiveness and toxicity.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christopher Clark, Loiec Dayon, Mojgan Masoodi, Gene L. Bowman, Julius Popp
Summary: By integrating multi-omics approaches, this study identified novel molecular and pathway alterations associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology. The findings revealed multiple interactions between single 'omics modalities and distinct multi-omics molecular signatures related to amyloid pathology, neuronal injury, and tau hyperphosphorylation. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted overrepresentation of hemostasis, immune response, and extracellular matrix signaling pathways in association with AD, while combinations of specific molecules improved prediction of AD pathology and cognitive decline.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Valerie C. Anderson, Ian J. Tagge, Aaron Doud, Xin Li, Charles S. Springer, Joseph F. Quinn, Jeffrey A. Kaye, Katherine Wild, William D. Rooney
Summary: Metabolic deficits at brain-fluid barriers, including reduced water efflux rate constant at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, are associated with cognitive decline in older adults. Significant associations were observed between water efflux rate constant and cognitive dysfunction, indicating a potential biomarker for cognitive impairment in later life.
Article
Immunology
Christopher Clark, Jonas Richiardi, Benedicte Marechal, Gene L. Bowman, Loic Dayon, Julius Popp
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and inflammation. The results showed that neuroinflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms in older people, and it may explain the link between symptoms and more rapid clinical disease progression.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Magdalena Mroczek, Christopher Clark, Loic Dayon, Gene L. Bowman, Julius Popp
Summary: This study identified cerebrospinal fluid proteome alterations associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). These alterations are related to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline, and may represent independent processes from AD. Furthermore, some of these protein changes were found to be associated with accelerated cognitive decline.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathan Hwangbo, Xinyu Zhang, Daniel Raftery, Haiwei Gu, Shu-Ching Hu, Thomas J. Montine, Joseph F. Quinn, Kathryn A. Chung, Amie L. Hiller, Dongfang Wang, Qiang Fei, Lisa Bettcher, Cyrus P. Zabetian, Elaine R. Peskind, Ge Li, Daniel E. L. Promislow, Marie Y. Davis, Alexander Franks
Summary: Metabolomics has been utilized to analyze human cerebrospinal fluid samples and found strong separation between PD and AD patients and healthy controls in the metabolome. Key metabolites associated with PD and AD classification were identified, along with metabolic pathways linked to these neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ana R. Quinones, Siting Chen, Corey L. Nagel, Anda Botoseneanu, Heather G. Allore, Jason T. Newsom, Stephen Thielke, Jeffrey Kaye
Summary: Evaluating the associations between multimorbidity combinations, racial/ethnic background, educational attainment, and sex with age-related cognitive changes is crucial. The study found racial/ethnic differences in cognitive trajectories in later life, with significant interactions with sex and education.
SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Mira Leese, Nora Mattek, John P. K. Bernstein, Katherine E. Dorociak, Sarah Gothard, Jeffrey Kaye, Adriana M. Hughes
Summary: This study aimed to develop a brief web-based cognitive assessment tool and establish preliminary norms. The results showed that age was the only demographic variable associated with performance on the assessment tool, with older adults having slower completion time. Male participants generally had longer completion time compared to females. Overall, the tool was well-accepted by participants, with more than half willing to complete it on a weekly basis.
CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Delaram Safarpour, Barbara H. Brumbach, Monica Arena, Joseph Quinn, Sarah Diamond, Jay G. Nutt, RonaldF. Pfeiffer
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether altered segmental gastrointestinal transit time (GITT) correlates with clinical response and plasma levodopa concentration (PLC) variability in patients with Parkinson's disease. The results showed no significant difference in GITT between typical and erratic responders. Additionally, Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) was positive in half of the erratic responders and negative in most typical responders.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jack C. Lennon, Nathan Hantke, Nora Mattek, Chao-Yi Wu, Hiroko Dodge, Rachel Wall, Zachary Beattie, Jeffrey Kaye, Lisa C. Silbert
Summary: A study found that older Veterans and their cohabitants reported significantly higher levels of blue mood and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a significant decrease in travel away from home. The prevalence of these negative moods was not affected by the rural or urban residence.
CLINICAL GERONTOLOGIST
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Hussein N. Yassine, Wade Self, Bilal E. Kerman, Giulia Santoni, NandaKumar Navalpur Shanmugam, Laila Abdullah, Lesley R. Golden, Alfred N. Fonteh, Michael G. Harrington, Johannes Graff, Gary E. Gibson, Raj Kalaria, Jose A. Luchsinger, Howard H. Feldman, Russell H. Swerdlow, Lance A. Johnson, Benedict C. Albensi, Berislav Zlokovic, Rudolph Tanzi, Stephen Cunnane, Cecilia Samieri, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Gene L. Bowman
Summary: Disturbances in brain energy supply increase the risk of synaptic loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Nutritional and metabolic interventions that target metabolic pathways may have therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease prevention and management. This review explores how nutrition and metabolism can regulate brain bioenergetics and mitigate AD risk, presenting novel therapeutic nutrition approaches integrating gut microbiome studies and neuroimaging.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Chao-Yi Wu, Deanne Tibbitts, Zachary Beattie, Hiroko Dodge, Jackilen Shannon, Jeffrey Kaye, Kerri Winters-Stone
Summary: This study found significant differences in health and behavior changes before and after a cancer diagnosis through continuous passive monitoring of older adults. Over the year preceding a cancer diagnosis, there were gradual reductions in step counts and weight, and gradual increases in pain severity, step count variability, hospitalization or emergency room visits, and days away from home overnight. In the year after the cancer diagnosis, there was a gradual increase in the number of pillbox door openings. The results of this study suggest that continuous passive monitoring can provide important information for health management.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hussein N. Yassine, Cecilia Samieri, Gill Livingston, Kimberly Glass, Maude Wagner, Christy Tangney, Brenda L. Plassman, M. Arfan Ikram, Robin M. Voigt, Yian Gu, Sid O'Bryant, Anne Marie Minihane, Suzanne Craft, Howard A. Fink, Suzanne Judd, Sandrine Andrieu, Gene L. Bowman, Edo Richard, Benedict Albensi, Emily Meyers, Serly Khosravian, Michele Solis, Maria Carrillo, Heather Snyder, Francine Grodstein, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Lon S. Schneider
Summary: Observational studies suggest potential cognitive benefits of nutritional factors, but systematic reviews of randomised trials show null effects. This article presents limitations in existing nutrition clinical trials for dementia prevention and provides recommendations for future trial developments.
LANCET HEALTHY LONGEVITY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
M. Maltais, P. de Souto Barreto, G. L. Bowman, A. D. Smith, C. Cantet, S. Andrieu, Y. Rolland
Summary: This study found that plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels may modify the association between red blood cell n-3 PUFA and executive function. Individuals with high Hcy levels may benefit less from n-3 PUFA supplementation to prevent cognitive decline.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
John P. K. Bernstein, Katherine Dorociak, Nora Mattek, Mira Leese, Chelsea Trapp, Zachary Beattie, Jeffrey Kaye, Adriana Hughes
Summary: Assessing everyday activities at home over a period of months to years can help predict cognitive decline in older adults. This study found that even a relatively brief monitoring period of 3 months can provide valuable diagnostic information related to computer use, sleep, medication use, pain, and independence, which are linked to cognitive function.
AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION
(2022)
