Supramolecular chiral self-assembly and supercoiling behavior of carrageenans at varying salt conditions

The self-assembly of anionic kappa and iota carrageenan polysaccharides in the presence of NaCl, KCl and CaCl2 is studied by high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM). A hierarchical supramolecular chirality amplification over various length scales is observed upon the addition of KCl, whereas in the presence of NaCl and CaCl2 the chains undergo solely a coil-helix transition with stiff kappa carrageenan and more flexible iota carrageenan helical conformations.