Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonios Lazaridis, Eleni Gavriilaki, Stella Douma, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
Summary: Essential hypertension is a highly heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology, where subclinical inflammation and abnormal activation of TLR signaling play crucial roles in its pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Michinori Kohara, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
Summary: This review discusses the importance of TLR responses in HCV infection and the mechanisms adopted by HCV to avoid immune surveillance mediated by TLRs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Risa Tamagawa-Mineoka
Summary: The skin acts as a physical barrier and toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in both infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. In atopic dermatitis (AD), skin barrier dysfunction allows stimuli to penetrate the skin and activate the innate immune system, leading to inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Wedad S. Aboussahoud, Helen Smith, Adam Stevens, Ivan Wangsaputra, Helen R. Hunter, Susan J. Kimber, Mourad W. Seif, Daniel R. Brison
Summary: The study found that pattern recognition receptors and Toll-like receptor genes are widely expressed in early human embryos, suggesting the activation of the innate immunity system during embryo development. Understanding the role of the Toll-like receptor system in preimplantation human development may provide insights into immunological mechanisms and potential clinical markers of embryo quality and pregnancy initiation.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Huanyu Jiang, Yubiao Zhang, Geliang Hu, Xiaobin Shang, Jianghua Ming, Ming Deng, Yaming Li, Yonggang Ma, Shiqing Liu, Yan Zhou
Summary: The study reveals the important role of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in regulating inflammation and immune response in osteoarthritis (OA). SP-D exhibits chondroprotective properties by downregulating inflammation-related genes, suppressing cytokine production, and reducing infiltration of inflammatory cells. The binding of SP-D to the TLR4/MD-2 complex further inhibits TLR4-mediated signaling activation. These findings suggest that SP-D has a beneficial effect in attenuating inflammation and preserving cartilage integrity in OA.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jae-Min Yuk, Eun-Jin Park, In Soo Kim, Eun-Kyeong Jo
Summary: Itaconate is an important immunometabolite with anti-infective and anti-inflammatory properties. Its derivatives and isomers have potential as drugs for inflammation and infection. However, the exact mechanisms of action and the therapeutic potential of Itaconate are not fully understood due to contradictory results and a lack of clinical data. Further research is needed to understand how itaconate exerts its effects and to explore its therapeutic applications.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinta Asami, Toshiyuki Shimizu
Summary: TLRs are crucial in recognizing pathogenic molecular patterns and initiating immune responses. Recent advances in structural and mechanistic studies have provided insights into the activation and inhibition mechanisms of TLRs, enhancing our understanding of their functional properties.
Article
Fisheries
Hansam Cho, Ki Hoon Park, Yuyeon Jang, Yeondong Cho, Yoon-Ki Heo, Minjee Kim, Young Bong Kim
Summary: Outbreaks of infectious disease in shrimp pose a serious threat to shrimp agriculture worldwide. Shrimp lack adaptive immunity and rely solely on innate immunity for defense against infectious disease. Toll-like receptors play a critical role in the shrimp innate immune system, with the identification of a new Toll-like receptor gene (MnToll) in Macrobrachium nipponense potentially involved in defense against WSSV.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Allison M. Owen, Liming Luan, Katherine R. R. Burelbach, Margaret A. A. McBride, Cody L. L. Stothers, Olivia A. A. Boykin, Kalkena Sivanesam, Jessica F. F. Schaedel, Tazeen K. K. Patil, Jingbin Wang, Antonio Hernandez, Naeem K. K. Patil, Edward R. R. Sherwood, Julia K. K. Bohannon
Summary: Immunocompromised populations are at high risk of life-threatening infections, and strategies to protect these patients are urgently needed. This study explores the use of trained immunity, which enhances the immune response to subsequent infections, as a promising approach. The researchers demonstrate that the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway plays a critical role in TLR-mediated trained immunity, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying this process.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jin-ichi Inokuchi, Hirotaka Kanoh
Summary: GM3 molecular species are disease-related endogenous TLR4 ligands that modulate homeostatic and pathogenic innate immune responses, with different fatty acid structures of GM3 acting as pro- or anti-inflammatory TLR4 ligands.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Luke S. Uebelhoer, Agnes Gwela, Bonnie Thiel, Sophie Nalukwago, John Mukisa, Christopher Lwanga, Justine Getonto, Emily Nyatichi, Grace Dena, Alexander Makazi, Shalton Mwaringa, Ezekiel Mupere, James A. Berkley, Christina L. Lancioni, Childhood Acute Illness
Summary: Severely ill children in low- and middle-income countries experience high mortality rates from infectious diseases, and the risk of infection-related death is compounded by undernutrition. This study found that T cell function is impaired and innate immune responses are exaggerated in acutely ill children. Nutritional status is associated with the magnitude of cytokine responses. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of innate immune dysregulation in this population.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yanqin Du, Jun Wu, Jia Liu, Xin Zheng, Dongliang Yang, Mengji Lu
Summary: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global burden, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in immune response. However, HBV has developed strategies to inhibit TLR responses, limiting host immune response and promoting viral persistence. Recent studies indicate that stimulation of TLR signaling pathway enhances host immune response and suppresses HBV replication. These findings provide important insights for the use of TLR agonists as immunomodulators in the functional cure of HBV.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ella A. Zuiderwijk-Sick, Celine van der Putten, Raissa Timmerman, Jennifer Veth, Erica M. Pasini, Linda van Straalen, Paul van der Valk, Sandra Amor, Jeffrey J. Bajramovic
Summary: Exposure to IL-4 induces changes in the cell surface protein expression profile of primary rhesus macaque microglia and enhances their potential to induce proliferation of T cells with a regulatory signature. Additionally, IL-4 exposure broadly impairs TLR-induced cytokine production and inhibits microglial innate immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Jose Dopico, Joao Botelho, Alberto Ouro, Clara Dominguez, Vanessa Machado, Marta Aramburu-Nunez, Antia Custodia, Teresa Blanco, Maria Vazquez-Reza, Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo, Juan Blanco, Rogelio Leira, Tomas Sobrino, Yago Leira
Summary: This study found that patients with periodontitis had higher expression of TLRs, cFN, and IL-6, which were associated with the occurrence of periodontitis.
JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jun-Lin Lu, Qi-Dong Xia, Yi Sun, Yang Xun, Heng-Long Hu, Chen-Qian Liu, Jian-Xuan Sun, Jin-Zhou Xu, Jia Hu, Shao-Gang Wang
Summary: The study found that TLR4 expression is decreased in tumor tissues compared to surrounding tissues or normal tissue, and is positively correlated to the overall survival rate and cancer-specific survival rate of bladder cancer patients. Low TLR4 expression is associated with malignant performance in tumors.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Torsten Zuberbier, Tamara Doerr, Werner Aberer, Montserrat Alvaro, Elizabeth Angier, Stefania Arasi, Hasan Arshad, Barbara Ballmer-Weber, Joan Bartra, Lisa Beck, Philippe Begin, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Jovanka Bislimovska, Jean Bousquet, Knut Brockow, Andrew Bush, Antonella Cianferoni, Michael J. Cork, Adnan Custovic, Ulf Darsow, Nicolette Jong, Diana Deleanu, Stefano Del Giacco, Antoine Deschildre, Audrey Dunn Galvin, Motohiro Ebisawa, Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Marta Ferrer, Alessandro Fiocchi, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Maia Gotua, Kate Grimshaw, Josefine Gruenhagen, Enrico Heffler, Michihiro Hide, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Cristoforo Incorvaia, Christer Janson, Swen Malte John, Carla Jones, Marek Jutel, Norito Katoh, Benjamin Kendziora, Tamar Kinaciyan, Edward Knol, Oksana Kurbacheva, Susanne Lau, Richard Loh, Carlo Lombardi, Mika Makela, Mary Jane Marchisotto, Michael Makris, Marcus Maurer, Rosan Meyer, Dragan Mijakoski, Jordan Minov, Joaquim Mullol, Caroline Nilsson, Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn, Bright Nwaru, Mikela Odemyr, Giovanni Battista Pajno, Sushil Paudel, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Harald Renz, Giampaolo Ricci, Johannes Ring, Barbara Rogala, Hugh Sampson, Gianenrico Senna, Brigita Sitkauskiene, Peter Kenneth Smith, Katarina Stevanovic, Sasho Stoleski, Hania Szajewska, Akio Tanaka, Ana Todo-Bom, Fatih Alexander Topal, Erkka Valovirta, Ronald Van Ree, Carina Venter, Stefan Woehrl, Gary W. K. Wong, Zuotao Zhao, Margitta Worm
Summary: Based on a systematic review, it is unlikely that cross-contamination of major food allergens below 0.5 mg/100 g will endanger most food allergic patients when consuming a standard portion of food. The suggestion is to use a voluntary declaration on processed food packages stating that the product contains named allergens and may contain traces of other contaminations at concentrations less than 0.5 mg per 100 g of the product, which can be technically achieved in most processed foods. Further research on threshold levels is encouraged for a legally binding solution in the future.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Sabina Illi, Martin Depner, Petra Ina Pfefferle, Harald Renz, Caroline Roduit, Diana Hazard Taft, Karen M. Kalanetra, David A. Mills, Freda M. Farquharson, Petra Louis, Elisabeth Schmausser-Hechfellner, Amandine Divaret-Chauveau, Roger Lauener, Anne M. Karvonen, Juha Pekkanen, Pirkka Kirjavainen, Marjut Roponen, Josef Riedler, Michael Kabesch, Bianca Schaub, Erika von Mutius
Summary: This study aimed to assess the association between early life innate immunity and the development of asthma in children at risk. The results showed that within the 17q21 genotype, activated immune responses after innate stimulation can mitigate asthma risk, and this is partly mediated by the gut microbiome.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Mohamed H. Shamji, Hanisah Sharif, Janice A. Layhadi, Rongfei Zhu, Uday Kishore, Harald Renz
Summary: Allergen immunotherapy is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis, inducing long-term clinical tolerance. Recent research has revealed that subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy induce immune tolerance through novel cell targets and molecular mechanisms, involving regulatory subsets of innate lymphoid cells and suppression of proinflammatory cells.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Christian Keller, Ho-Ryun Chung, Andreas Jerrentrup, Leah Feldmann, Cornelius Rohde, Sandro Halwe, Friederike Woelfel, Susanne Guenther, Harald Renz
Summary: The serological study among hospital employees at Marburg University Hospital in Germany revealed a seroprevalence rate of only 0.36% for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The usage of a single S1-specific assay was found to overestimate the seroprevalence, and no evidence was found for an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among staff involved in patient care compared to those not involved in patient care.
JOURNAL OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Moritz Fritzenwanker, Marcel Oliver Grabitz, Borros Arneth, Harald Renz, Can Imirzalioglu, Trinad Chakraborty, Florian Wagenlehner
Summary: The study showed that UFC is an effective tool for detecting significant bacteriuria in urological patients and generally provides high accuracy in comparison to urine culture and dipstick analysis.
UROLOGIA INTERNATIONALIS
(2022)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Fausto Baldanti, Nirmal K. Ganguly, Guiqiang Wang, Martin Moeckel, Luke A. O'Neill, Harald Renz, Carlos Eduardo dos Santos Ferreira, Kazuhiro Tateda, Barbara Van der Pol
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of the available diagnostic technologies for SARS-CoV-2 and their selection and application in different settings. The authors emphasize the importance of widespread point-of-care testing for the reopening of society, while molecular diagnostics remain essential for definitive diagnosis.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Nicole Maison, Jimmy Omony, Sabina Illi, Dominik Thiele, Chrysanthi Skevaki, Anna -Maria Dittrich, Thomas Bahmer, Klaus Friedrich Rabe, Markus Weckmann, Christine Happle, Bianca Schaub, Meike Meyer, Svenja Foth, Ernst Rietschel, Harald Renz, Gesine Hansen, Matthias Volkmar Kopp, Erika von Mutius, Ruth Grychtol, ALLIANCE Study Grp
Summary: This study aimed to define T2-high asthma in children using easily accessible biomarkers and compare phenotypes across different age groups. Results showed that T2-high asthma can be identified in all ages, including very young children, and is associated with childhood onset. Excessive production of specific IgE antibodies to allergens was observed in both children and adults with T2-high asthma. Early treatment with biologicals may benefit these patients.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Virology
Hanna Krumbein, Lara S. Kuemmel, Paraskevi C. Fragkou, Clemens Thoelken, Ben L. Huenerbein, Rieke Reiter, Konstantinos A. Papathanasiou, Harald Renz, Chrysanthi Skevaki
Summary: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence, pathogens, and risk factors of community-acquired viral co-infections in COVID-19 patients, and compare the clinical features and outcomes of co-infected and mono-infected patients. The findings revealed that although the proportion of respiratory viral co-infections in COVID-19 patients is relatively low, it may lead to adverse clinical outcomes and therefore should be considered for multiplex viral panel testing.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Chrysanthi Skevaki, R. Sharon Chinthrajah, Daria Fomina, Gernot Rohde, Shu Cao, Ziyuan He, Sofia Serdotetskova, Christian Seidemann, Achim Gruenewaldt, Abisha Vengadeswaran, Min Xie, Antonina Karsonova, Alexander Karaulov, Kari C. Nadeau, Ho-Ryun Chung, Harald Renz
Summary: This study compared the prevalence of asthma among hospitalized COVID-19 patients worldwide and found disparities in asthma-COVID-19 risk across different countries and regions, which is related to the varying prevalence of underlying comorbidities.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Bilal Alashkar Alhamwe, Zhan Gao, Fahd Alhamdan, Hani Harb, Matthieu Pichene, Abel Garnier, Jihad El Andari, Andreas Kaufmann, Peter L. Graumann, Dorthe Kesper, Christian Daviaud, Holger Garn, Joerg Tost, Daniel P. Potaczek, Martin J. Blaser, Harald Renz
Summary: This research identifies a novel mechanism by which early-life exposure to Acinetobacter lwoffii (AL) can prevent chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. The study found that AL triggers a proinflammatory immune response characterized by elevated levels of IL-6 and subsequent IL-10 production in CD4(+) T-cells. This immune response, along with changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome, contribute to the protection against asthma.
Article
Allergy
Amandine Divaret-Chauveau, Frederic Mauny, Alexander Hose, Martin Depner, Marie-Laure Dalphin, Vincent Kaulek, Cindy Barnig, Bianca Schaub, Elisabeth Schmausser-Hechfellner, Harald Renz, Josef Riedler, Juha Pekkanen, Anne M. Karvonen, Martin Taubel, Roger Lauener, Caroline Roduit, Dominique Angele Vuitton, Erika von Mutius, Silvia Demoulin-Alexikova
Summary: This study describes the latent class trajectories of cough from one to 10 years old and analyzes their association with wheezing, atopy, and allergic diseases. The results show that persistent coughs and early persistent coughs are positively associated with atopic respiratory diseases and food allergy. Growing up on a farm is negatively associated with early persistent cough.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2023)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Tim Hulsen, David Friedecky, Harald Renz, Els Melis, Pieter Vermeersch, Pilar Fernandez-Calle
Summary: Among medical specialties, laboratory medicine plays a crucial role in implementing big data and artificial intelligence in healthcare. The integration of all clinical data sets is important for patient-centered treatment. Challenges in data-driven research can be addressed using the FAIR Guiding Principles, federated learning, standards, and ontologies. Big data and artificial intelligence offer opportunities for laboratories to optimize productivity and improve patient outcomes.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Allan Feng, Emily Y. Yang, Andrew Reese Moore, Shaurya Dhingra, Sarah Esther Chang, Xihui Yin, Ruoxi Pi, Elisabeth K. M. Mack, Sara Voelkel, Reinhard Gessner, Margrit Guendisch, Andreas Neubauer, Harald Renz, Sotirios Tsiodras, Paraskevi C. Fragkou, Adijat A. Asuni, Joseph E. Levitt, Jennifer G. Wilson, Michelle Leong, Jennifer H. Lumb, Rong Mao, Kassandra Pinedo, Jonasel Roque, Christopher M. Richards, Mikayla Stabile, Gayathri Swaminathan, Maria L. Salagianni, Vasiliki Triantafyllia, Wilhelm Bertrams, Catherine A. Blish, Jan E. Carette, Jennifer Frankovich, Eric Meffre, Kari Christine Nadeau, Upinder Singh, Taia T. Wang, Eline T. Luning Prak, Susanne Herold, Evangelos Andreakos, Bernd Schmeck, Chrysanthi Skevaki, Angela J. Rogers, Paul J. Utz
Summary: The presence of autoantibodies in acute infections with SARS-CoV-2 is well-known, but the prevalence of autoantibodies in non-SARS-CoV-2 infections and critical illness is not yet reported. In this study, IgG autoantibodies were analyzed in 267 patients with non-SARS-CoV-2 viral, bacterial, and noninfectious critical illness. The results showed that anti-cytokine antibodies were identified in more than 50% of patients across all acutely ill cohorts. These antibodies were more common in infected patients compared to uninfected patients in critical illness.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhenyu Yang, Lu Qin, Jinhan Qiao, Chongsheng Cheng, Yiwen Liu, Shengding Zhang, Xiaoyu Fang, Zhen Li, Harald Renz, Xiansheng Liu, Liming Xia, Qiongjie Hu, Min Xie
Summary: This study describes the imaging features of naive asthma patients and their correlation with therapeutic response. Cluster analysis identified novel unbiased imaging phenotypes. Results show that naive asthma patients have the imaging traits of airway remodeling, bronchiectasis, and mucus plugs.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN CHRONIC DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Jian-Xiong An, Guo-Ping Wu, Kun Niu, You-Ping Wei, Hui Liu, Xin-You Gao, Jian-Ping Wu, Yong Wang, Harald Renz, John P. Williams
Summary: Ozone therapy showed significant pain relief, improvement in hip function, and resolution of bone marrow edema in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. There was a lower rate of conversion to total hip arthroplasty in the ozone therapy group compared to the control group.